Certain Adenylated Non-Coding RNAs, Including 5′ Leader Sequences of Primary MicroRNA Transcripts, Accumulate in Mouse Cells following Depletion of the RNA Helicase MTR4

RNA surveillance plays an important role in posttranscriptional regulation. Seminal work in this field has largely focused on yeast as a model system, whereas exploration of RNA surveillance in mammals is only recently begun. The increased transcriptional complexity of mammalian systems provides a wider array of targets for RNA surveillance, and, while many questions remain unanswered, emerging data suggest the nuclear RNA surveillance machinery exhibits increased complexity as well. We have used a small interfering RNA in mouse N2A cells to target the homolog of a yeast protein that functions in RNA surveillance (Mtr4p). We used high-throughput sequencing of polyadenylated RNAs (PA-seq) to quantify the effects of the mMtr4 knockdown (KD) on RNA surveillance. We demonstrate that overall abundance of polyadenylated protein coding mRNAs is not affected, but several targets of RNA surveillance predicted from work in yeast accumulate as adenylated RNAs in the mMtr4KD. microRNAs are an added layer of transcriptional complexity not found in yeast. After Drosha cleavage separates the pre-miRNA from the microRNA\u27s primary transcript, the byproducts of that transcript are generally thought to be degraded. We have identified the 5′ leading segments of pri-miRNAs as novel targets of mMtr4 dependent RNA surveillance

Fostering Cross-Functional Skills And Attitudes In Business Administration Students

This study presents the results of a descriptive survey mailed to 660 deans at schools of business in the U.S. to develop answers to the following research questions: 1. What integrative instructional methods are graduate business educators using at U.S. universities and colleges? 2. What teaching methods are most effective in fostering students’ integrative skills and capabilities? 3. What is the level of difficulty for implementing these methodologies? 4. What are the implications for designing faculty reward systems and developing promotion and tenure criteria? Responses were received from 179 deans (27.12% response rate). Findings reveal that other forms of integrating experience are practiced besides the more traditional capstone course. There is a wide spread agreement that inductive teaching methods are more effective in developing integrative skills and attitudes in students. However, these methods are believed to be the most difficult to implement in terms of time and effort. This suggests that adequate incentives must be in place to encourage faculty to adopt these methods. We hope that those schools contemplating revision and pedagogical development of faculty will find the study’s findings timely and valuable

Interaction between Gut Microbiota and Toll-like Receptor: from Immunity to Metabolism

The human gut contains trillions of commensal bacteria, and similar to pathogenic bacteria, the gut microbes and their products can be recognized by toll-like receptors (TLRs). It is well acknowledged that the interaction between gut microbiota and the local TLRs help to maintain the homeostasis of intestinal immunity. High-fat intake or obesity can weaken gut integrity leading to the penetration of gut microbiota or their bacterial products into the circulation, leading to the activation of TLRs on immune cells and subsequently low-grade systemic inflammation in host. Metabolic cells including hepatocytes and adipocytes also express TLRs. Although they are able to produce and secrete inflammatory molecules, the effectiveness remains low compared with the immune cells embedded in liver and adipose tissue. The interaction of TLRs in these metabolic cells or organs with gut microbiota remains unclear, but a few studies have suggested that the functions of these TLRs are related to metabolism. Alteration of the gut microbiota is associated with body weight change and adiposity in human, and the interaction between the commensal gut microbiota and TLRs may possibly involve both metabolic and immunological regulation. In this review, we will summarize the current findings on the relationship between TLRs and gut microbiota with a focus on metabolic regulation, and discuss how such interaction participates in host metabolism.published_or_final_versio

Aplicação de modelagem de turbulência na camada limite atmosférica para verificar efeitos locais de topografia /

Orientador : Maurício Felga GobbiDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciencias Exatas e Setor de Tecnologia, Programa de Pós-Graduaçao em Métodos Numéricos em Engenharia. Defesa: Curitiba, 2007Inclui bibliografi

Poly[diaqua­tris(μ4-isophthalato)dilanthanum(III)]

In the title coordination polymer, [La2(C8H4O4)3(H2O)2]n, there are two independent LaIII atoms which are coordinated differently in slightly distorted penta­gonal-bipyramidal and slightly disorted bicapped trigonal-prismatic environments. The LaIII ions are bridged by μ4-isophthalate ligands, forming two-dimensional layers. In the crystal structure, these layers are connected by inter­molecular O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds into a three-dimensional network

Outcomes of complex femorodistal sequential autologous vein and biologic prosthesis composite bypass grafts

ObjectiveFemorodistal autologous vein bypass proves to be the preferred surgical therapy for long arterial occlusions and provides excellent early and long-term results in critical lower limb ischemia. Whenever vein length was insufficient and two distal outflow arteries were present, a sequential composite bypass configuration was chosen with human umbilical vein (HUV) or ovine collagen prosthesis (Omniflow II; Bio Nova International Pty Ltd, North Melbourne, Australia) as the proximal prosthetic part of the bypass. Single-center experience with this technique regarding limb salvage, graft function, secondary reinterventions, and biodegeneration is presented.MethodsBetween January 1998 and January 2009, 122 consecutive sequential composite bypass operations were performed on 116 patients for short-distance claudication (2), chronic critical ischemia (117), or acute ischemia (3) in the absence of sufficient autologous vein length. HUV was used in 90 cases and Omniflow II in 32 cases. Grafts were followed by duplex scan supplemented by angiography in case of recurrent ischemia with prospective documentation of follow-up data in a computerized vascular database. Retrospective analysis of graft patency, limb salvage, and aneurysmal degeneration of the biologic prosthesis was performed.ResultsMean follow-up was 59 ± 45.5 months (range, 1-161 months). The 30-day mortality was 4.1%. Early postoperative complete or partial bypass thrombosis developed in 16% (20 cases) and required successful revision in 16 cases. During follow-up, 30 complete and 12 partial bypass occlusions occurred, necessitating selective surgical or interventional revision. Primary, primary assisted, and secondary patency rates and the limb salvage rate were 48%, 62%, 71%, and 87%, respectively, after 5 years and 26%, 46%, 54%, and 77%, respectively, after 10 years for all bypasses. Late biodegeneration of HUV prostheses was detected in four instances.ConclusionsLate graft patency and limb salvage were good. These factors, combined with a tolerable rate of late aneurysmal degeneration, justify the use of biologic vascular conduits and autologous vein for complex femorodistal reconstructions

Implications of the Actin Cytoskeleton on the Multi-Step Process of [ PSI+] Prion Formation

Yeast prions are self-perpetuating misfolded proteins that are infectious. In yeast, [PSI+] is the prion form of the Sup35 protein. While the study of [PSI+] has revealed important cellular mechanisms that contribute to prion propagation, the underlying cellular factors that influence prion formation are not well understood. Prion formation has been described as a multi-step process involving both the initial nucleation and growth of aggregates, followed by the subsequent transmission of prion particles to daughter cells. Prior evidence suggests that actin plays a role in this multi-step process, but actin’s precise role is unclear. Here, we investigate how actin influences the cell’s ability to manage newly formed visible aggregates and how actin influences the transmission of newly formed aggregates to future generations. At early steps, using 3D time-lapse microscopy, several actin mutants, and Markov modeling, we find that the movement of newly formed aggregates is random and actin independent. At later steps, our prion induction studies provide evidence that the transmission of newly formed prion particles to daughter cells is limited by the actin cytoskeletal network. We suspect that this limitation is because actin is used to possibly retain prion particles in the mother cell