The Effectiveness of Mindfulness Training on the Fear of Negative Evaluation and Automatic Thoughtsin Female Students

Introduction: Mindfulness training is an effective method for lowering stress and negative thoughts. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of mindfulness training on fear of negative evaluation and automatic thoughts in female students.Method: This research was conducted as a semi-experimental research using pre-test post-test design with a control group. The sample consisted of 30 students (15 participants for each of the experimental and control groups). At first, 120 individuals were selected by purposive sampling and then 30 subjects were selected among the students who scored higher than the average score in the pre-test (fear of negative evaluation and automatic thoughts scales). Participants in the experimental groups received mindfulness training for eight sessions, while the control group did not receive any training. At the end of the training a post-test was taken from both groups. Multivariate covariance analysis was used to investigate the research hypotheses.Results: The results indicated that mindfulness training decreased significantly both fear of negative evaluation (p<0.05) and automatic thoughts (p<0.05).Conclusion: According to the results of this study, mindfulness training is effective in reducing the fear of negative evaluation and automatic thoughts, so providing this training for students can prevent the negative effects of these variables in the educational environment

The relationship between mental health, cultural beliefs and sexual behavior of pregnant women

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between mental health and cultural beliefs and sexual behavior in pregnant women. Mental health and cultural beliefs are important individual factors. Human sexual behaviors are influenced by culture, customs, beliefs and beliefs of people, and there is a lot of diversity in different societies. This study was a field correlation and the study sample was available to 100 pregnant women. Sampling method: Sampling was done through a questionnaire. The results showed that cultural beliefs of individuals had an effect on their sexual behavior and women's mental health had a significant relationship with the request of unusual sexual behaviors by their husbands. &nbsp

Development of a model of brain function change based on treatment of heterogeneous hemispheres on the depression of addicts

Objective: The aim of this istudy is to determine the model of brain function change based on treatment of heterogeneous hemispheres on the depression of addicts. Materials and Methods: This research is a quasi-experimental study with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group, which 20 male addicts leaving in the city of Karaj, Iran. Beck Depression Inventory and Blood Test was used. We selected 20 out of 100 people at random and placed them in two experimental and control groups equally (10 experimental group and 10 control group). Evaluation of the subjects by the Depression Inventory and blood test before training and after training of the experimental group. The subjects in the experimental group were trained for 16 sessions 2 days a week, two hours a day, and the control group did not receive any intervention. The obtained data were analyzed using ANKOA statistical method and research data was analyzed with SPSS software version 22. Results: the reuslts showed that the subjects in the experimental group after training were significantly different from the control group in their scores of depression and increase in chemical carriers (serotonin and dopamine). In other words, brain change model based on heterogeneous hemisphere treatment was effective on depression of withdrawal addicts with 95% probability. Conclusion: Teaching a model of brain function change based on heterogeneous hematopoietic treatment was effective on depression in withdrawal addicts. approved. &nbsp

Providing a Causal Model of the Behavioral Disorders in Children Based on Child-Mother Interaction and Parental Acceptance with the Mediating Role of Life Satisfaction in Hyperactive Children’s Mothers in Tehran

AbstractIntroduction: Since hyperactive children are unable to control or dominate over their surroundings, they cannot achieve their wants or perform them, they show some symptoms of behavioral disorders. The purpose of the present study was to provide a causal model of children’s behavioral disorders based on child-mother interaction and parental acceptance with the mediating role of life satisfaction in hyperactive children’s mothers.Methods: This research was a descriptive correlational study performed by the path analysis method. The statistical population of the present study included all mothers of hyperactive children visiting psychiatric clinics in Tehran in 2020, out of whom 250 mothers were selected using purposive sampling. The research instruments included Children’s Behavioral Disorders Questionnaire (CBDQ), Child-Mother Interaction Questionnaire (CMIQ), Parental Acceptance Questionnaire (PAQ), and Life Satisfaction Questionnaire (LSQ). The proposed model was evaluated using Path Analysis by SPSS Amos 24.0.Results: The results showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between child-mother interaction/parental acceptance and life satisfaction. Moreover, there was an inverse and significant relationship between child-mother interaction and parental acceptance. The results also showed that the general parental acceptance path had a greater effect on hyperactive children’s behavioral disorders.Conclusions: The causal model of children’s behavioral disorders based on child-mother interaction and parental acceptance with the mediating role of life satisfaction in hyperactive children’s mothers has a good fit

Providing a Causal Model of Children’s Behavioral Disorders Based on Spiritual health Family Functioning: The Mediating Role of Life Satisfaction in Hyperactive Children’s Mothers in Tehran

AbstractIntroduction: Hyperactive children can have far-reaching effects on their relationships with their family members and general atmosphere in the family by showing some behaviors such as hyperactivity, restlessness, inattention, and repulsive behaviors. This study aimed to provide a causal model of children’s behavioral disorders based on family functioning and spiritual health with the mediating role of life satisfaction in hyperactive children’s mothers.Methods: This is a descriptive correlational study in terms of the method where the relationships among the proposed variables were analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM). The statistical population included all mothers of hyperactive children who had visited psychiatric clinics in Tehran in 2020. Two hundred fifty mothers were selected from the population using purposive sampling. The tools used in this research were: Questionnaire of children’s behavior disorder, Family Functioning Questionnaire, Spiritual health Questionnaire (SWBQ), and Questionnaire of Satisfaction with Life. The data were analyzed using Pearson's correlation coefficient and structural equations model.Results: The results showed that life satisfaction has a positive and significant relationship with family functioning and spiritual health. The results also showed that family functioning and spiritual health have a reverse and significant relationship with children's behavioral disorders. Furthermore, the results showed that the general path of spiritual health has a greater effect on hyperactive child’s behavioral disorders.Conclusions: The causal model of children’s behavioral disorders based on family functioning and spiritual health with the mediating role of life satisfaction has a desirable fit to decrease hyperactive behavior disorders

Evaluation of the Predictive Model of Marital Intimacy Based on Attachment Styles with the Mediation of Love, Empathy, and Passion Styles in Married College Students of Islamic Azad University, Gachsaran Branch, Who Are Married

This study was conducted to evaluate the forecasting model of marital intimacy based on attachment styles with the mediation of love, empathy, and passion styles in married students of the Gachsaran branch of the Islamic Azad University. The statistical population included all 1,177 married students (male and female) at Islamic Azad University's Gachsaran branch during the 2016-2018 academic year. The statistical sample consisted of 400 married students selected via stratified random sampling. The applied questionnaires included Marital Intimacy Questionnaire (MIQ), Triangular Love Scale (TLS) and Attachment Styles Questionnaire (ASQ). Path analysis was performed on the data using statistical software SPSS and AMOS version 23. The results demonstrated that secure, empathic, and passionate attachments have a direct and significant relationship with marital intimacy among married students (p<0.01). In addition, the safe, avoidant, and ambivalent attachment styles have a direct significant impact on the empathy of married students (p<0.01). In addition, safe, avoidant, and ambivalent attachment styles have significant direct effects on the empathy and passion of married students (p<0.01). In addition, the results of the Sobel test indicated that the component of empathy mediates the relationship between safe and avoidant attachment styles, whereas the component of passion mediates the significant relationship between avoidant attachment style and marital intimacy (p<0.01). Eventually, the model had a good fit. Considering the mediation function of love styles, family therapists must pay attention to the love styles of married couples in order to increase marital intimacy

The discriminational role of emotion dysregulation, metacognitive belies, intolerance of uncertainty and anxiety in discriminant two groups of students with and without mobile phone addiction

Background: Emotional dysregulation, metacognitive beliefs, intolerance of uncertainty, and anxiety can play a very important role in a person's personal and social life. This study aimed to determine the discriminational role of emotion dysregulation, metacognitive beliefs, intolerance of uncertainty, and anxiety in discriminant&nbsp;two groups of students with and without cell phone addiction. Methods: The present study was descriptive and correlational. The statistical population consists of all male students in high school in Tehran in the year academic 2019-2020. According to the convenience&nbsp;sampling method, 400 students (74 students with cell phone addiction and 326 students without cell phone addiction) were selected by model Kline. They were asked to mobile phone addiction questionnaire (MPAQ) of Savari, difficulties&nbsp;in&nbsp;emotion regulation scale&nbsp;(DERS) of Gratz and Roemer, meta-cognitions (MCQ) of Cartwright-Hatton and Wells, intolerance&nbsp;of&nbsp;uncertainty&nbsp;scale&nbsp;(IUS-27) of Freeston and et al., and Beck&nbsp;anxiety&nbsp;inventory (BAI). Data were analyzed by using SPSS-24 software and the discriminant analysis method. Results: The results showed that emotion dysregulation, metacognitive beliefs, intolerance of uncertainty, and anxiety can help to cell phone addiction, and function discriminant analysis assigned 93.3 percent of the students with and without cell phone addiction. Some factors, including emotion dysregulation, metacognitive beliefs, intolerance of uncertainty, and anxiety were found to affect cell phone addiction. Conclusion: To cell phone addiction, attention should be paid to emotional disorders, metacognitive beliefs, intolerance of uncertainty, and students' anxiety, and the necessary training should be given in this regard

Exploring the dynamic interplay between learning and working memory within various cognitive contexts

IntroductionThe intertwined relationship between reinforcement learning and working memory in the brain is a complex subject, widely studied across various domains in neuroscience. Research efforts have focused on identifying the specific brain areas responsible for these functions, understanding their contributions in accomplishing the related tasks, and exploring their adaptability under conditions such as cognitive impairment or aging.MethodsNumerous models have been introduced to formulate either these two subsystems of reinforcement learning and working memory separately or their combination and relationship in executing cognitive tasks. This study adopts the RLWM model as a computational framework to analyze the behavioral parameters of subjects with varying cognitive abilities due to age or cognitive status. A related RLWM task is employed to assess a group of subjects across different age groups and cognitive abilities, as measured by the Montreal Cognitive Assessment tool (MoCA).ResultsAnalysis reveals a decline in overall performance accuracy and speed with differing age groups (young vs. middle-aged). Significant differences are observed in model parameters such as learning rate, WM decay, and decision noise. Furthermore, among the middle-aged group, distinctions emerge between subjects categorized as normal vs. MCI based on MoCA scores, notably in speed, performance accuracy, and decision noise

Compilation and validation of the puppet show-based social skills training package and its effectiveness on the behavioral problems of the preschoolers

Background: The aim of this study was to compile and validate the social skills training (SST) package based on puppet shows and determine its effectiveness on the behavioral problems of preschoolers. Methods: 40 preschool children were selected using available sampling method to evaluate the effectiveness of the compiled package on behavioral problems of preschool children (puppet shows, all components of preschool social skills) using a semi-experimental method with a pretest-posttest design. Then the intervention and the control group were selected. The opinions of the experts were collected by the Delphi method. The research population at this stage was all the specialists in the field of SST of children whom 10 were selected using purposive sampling method. The validity was confirmed using content validity index (CVI). Data of the behavioral problems subscale were collected using the Social Skills Rating System (SSRS), and analyzed using one-way analysis of covariance. Results: The findings showed that the effect of the SST package based on puppet show in the intervention group was statistically significant (F=47.28, P&lt;0.05), so that it was effective in reducing behavioral problems of preschoolers. To validate the package, content validity index (CVI) was used, which was obtained as 0.87. Conclusion: In order to prevent and treat behavioral disorders in children, harmless treatment methods can be replaced physical punishment and verbal aggression. Correct and continuous training of social skills, along with correct and friendly communication with attractive and entertaining methods such as showing puppets to children, can be a solution to improve behavioral problems at this age

The Role of Social Support and Life Satisfaction in Predicting Academic Burnout

This study aimed to investigate the role of social support and life satisfaction in academic burnout. The research method was correlation. From Islamic Azad University of Tehran, 393 students selected by cluster sampling method and responded to Maslach Burnout Inventory-Student Survey (MBI-SS, Schaufeli et al., 2002), Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS, Diner et al., 1985) and Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (Zimet et al., 1988). Data were analyzed using regression analysis. The results showed that social support (β = -0.131, P≥0.020) and life satisfaction (β = -0.229, P≥0,000) had a significant and inverse effect on academic burnout. The findings also showed that Social support and life satisfaction explained 14% of the variance in academic burnout. According to the findings, academic burnout decreases with increasing social support and life satisfaction. Therefore, supporting student by family, friends, and the educational environment, as well as strategies that increase life satisfaction, can reduce students' academic burnout, which is an important factor in dropout