Utjecaj ekstruzije na sastav fenola i antioksidativnu aktivnost suhog zrna graha Phaseolus vulgaris L.

The phenolic composition of dry beans and extrudates was investigated to evaluate the effect of extrusion process on their antioxidant activity. Myricetin, quercetin, kaempferol, cyanidin, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, ferulic acid and p-coumaric acid were identified in raw and processed bean seeds. The effect of extrusion on the total phenolic content of beans depended on the cultivar – one variety showed a 14 % increase in the amount of phenolics in extrudates compared to raw beans, while the other two exhibited a decrease by 19 and 21 %. Extracts from bean extrudates showed a faster initial free radical scavenging activity than the extracts from raw beans; however, the final values were similar. The least active extrudates were obtained by using the initial moisture of 20 % and the temperature of 180 °C. Extrusion also decreased the antioxidant activity, compared to the raw material.Istražen je utjecaj ekstruzije na sastav fenola i antioksidativnu aktivnost suhog zrna i ekstrudata graha. U sirovom i prerađenom zrnu graha pronađeni su miricetin, kvercetin, kamferol, cijanidin, zatim klorogena, kafeinska, ferulinska i p-kumarinska kiselina. Ukupni sastav fenola u zrnu graha nakon ekstruzije ovisio je o kultivaru – u jednom kultivaru udjel fenola porastao je za 14 %, a u druga dva kultivara smanjio se za 19 odnosno 21 % u usporedbi sa sirovim zrnom. Ekstrakti dobiveni iz ekstrudata graha imali su bolju početnu aktivnost uklanjanja slobodnih radikala od ekstrakata iz sirovoga graha, ali su konačne vrijednosti slične. Najslabija aktivnost ekstrudata dobivena je ekstruzijom s 20 % početne vlažnosti pri 180 °C. Dokazano je da se ekstruzijom smanjuje i antioksidativna aktivnost zrna graha

Characteristics of starch breads enriched with red potatoes

Starch breads may often be low in nutritional value, in comparison to traditional products, as they contain less dietary fibre, protein and micro and macro elements. As an effect a risk of mineral deficiencies and digestive problems caused by lack of dietary fibre could be expected in persons adhering to gluten free diet. To eliminate such problems, a continuous research on gluten-free bread nutritional enrichment, has been done in recent years. Raw material used to enrich gluten free products should include: inulin, lupine, radish, soy, lucerne sprouts, oilseeds, different type of dried fruits. Among the most commonly used raw materials, there are flours from gluten free cereals and pseudocereals such as buckwheat, amaranth and maize are very popular. It seem that valuable alternative could be considered a red, purple or pink potatoes as starch breads additives. The aim of this work was to investigate the effect addition of freeze-dried color potatoes on crude fiber, polyphenols, anthocyanins and flavonoids and nutritional value of gluten free breads. It could be concluded, that freeze-dried color (red, purple, pink) potatoes enriched the gluten free breads (starch breads) with health promoting bioactive components, like polyphenols, and highly valuable protein. The most promising additive was Magenta Love red potato variety lyophilisates, because gluten free breads enriched with this component were characterized by high protein content and the highest content of free and bound polyphenols, flavonoids, anthocyanins. The presence of all these components increased the nutritional and pro-health value of gluten free product as starch bread

The Polyphenol Profile and Antioxidant Potential of Irradiated Rye Grains

The irradiation process extends the cereal grain storage period, but also affects their chemical composition and antioxidants properties. The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of gamma irradiation on the content of total polyphenols, flavonoids, and tannins as well as the quantitative and qualitative profile of polyphenols in rye grains. The potential antioxidant capacity was also evaluated. The irradiation process resulted in an average increase of 10% of the total phenolic content as compared to the raw material, with each of the analyzed varieties reacting in different manners. The amount of tannins increased after irradiation at a constant level regardless of the applied gamma ray doses in the all analyzed rye grain varieties. The antiradical and antioxidant activity of rye grains after the irradiation process did not change or was reduced

Extruded Preparations with Sour Cherry Pomace Influence Quality and Increase the Level of Bioactive Components in Gluten-Free Breads

Gluten-free bread (GFB) usually has a lower nutritional value than its traditional counterparts and is deficient in health-promoting substances. Therefore, GFB is often enriched in gluten-free components containing high levels of bioactive substances. In this work, an attempt has been made to enrich GFB with rice flour-based extruded preparations produced at 80 and 120°C with a share of 10 and 20% sour cherry pomace. The study material consisted of the abovementioned preparations together with breads produced with their 10% share. In order to prove that the extruded preparations could be the source of phenolic compounds, their level was determined. The influence of the applied additions was assessed taking into account nutritional composition (protein, fat, ash, and carbohydrates), level of the phenolic compounds (total phenolic content, flavonoids, anthocyanins, and phenolic acids), antioxidant potential, and physical properties of the breads (texture volume, color). It was shown that the extrudates with a share of fruit pomace cause an enrichment of gluten-free breads in bioactive compounds. The gluten-free breads enriched in extrudates with sour cherry pomace obtained at 120°C contained even 6 times more polyphenols than breads with extrudates obtained at 80°C. At the same time, these breads contained the highest levels of flavonoids and phenolic acids among all the analyzed samples. Bread with the addition of the extrudate produced with 20% fruit pomace at 120°C was the most favorable in terms of bioactive compounds (total phenolic content, flavonoids, anthocyanins, and phenolic acids) and antioxidative activity. The abovementioned bread showed the highest amount of total, soluble and insoluble fiber, and a significant amount of ash and sugars and revealed the lowest hardness during 3 days of storage, in comparison with the other samples

Effect of Extrusion on the Phenolic Composition and Antioxidant Activity of Dry Beans of Phaseolus vulgaris L.

The phenolic composition of dry beans and extrudates was investigated to evaluate the effect of extrusion process on their antioxidant activity. Myricetin, quercetin, kaempferol, cyanidin, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, ferulic acid and p-coumaric acid were identified in raw and processed bean seeds. The effect of extrusion on the total phenolic content of beans depended on the cultivar – one variety showed a 14 % increase in the amount of phenolics in extrudates compared to raw beans, while the other two exhibited a decrease by 19 and 21 %. Extracts from bean extrudates showed a faster initial free radical scavenging activity than the extracts from raw beans; however, the final values were similar. The least active extrudates were obtained by using the initial moisture of 20 % and the temperature of 180 °C. Extrusion also decreased the antioxidant activity, compared to the raw material

The Effect of Milk Thistle (<i>Silybum marianum</i> L.) Fortification, Rich in Dietary Fibre and Antioxidants, on Structure and Physicochemical Properties of Biscuits

In the present study, an attempt was made to enrich cookies with ground seeds of milk thistle (Silybum marianum L.) and to determine the effect of this addition on the quality of cookies. The content of nutrients, fibre, and calorific value, as well as, texture, spreadability factor, volume, colour and sensory parameters were tested. The biscuits were characterized by lower caloric value, hardness and volume, but higher spreadability. The cookies with 5% of milk thistle gained high consumer acceptance, but greater than 20% addition caused a worsening quality of the product. The biscuit fortification with ground milk thistle seeds seems to be justified, through enrichment of the products with fibre and the antioxidant compounds having health-promoting properties

Zrównoważony rozwój przemysłu owocowego

Poland is a big world producer of fruits and fruit products. The fruit industry leaves in large scale during fruit processing production waste called fruit pomace. Generally, the fruit pomace is thrown away on the prisms and calling production residues. Fruit pomace after processing still holds high amount of valuable compounds beneficial for human health, like dietary fibre, pectin and minerals. It also contains the broad spectrum of polyphenols which have high antioxidant activity. Therefore, it has big potential for being reutilized into pro-health edible products, not only for animal feed or pectin production as it mostly happens today. Many of the pomace components may be also successfully used in non-food industries like fuel industry; or be bio-transformed in the other way. For that reason, the use of fruit pomace as a raw material should be extended to production of more effective products to ensure sustainable development. Due to the problem of production residues disposal, it is advisable to present the possibility of further utilization of fruit waste and the consequent.Polska jest znaczącym producentem owoców i produktów owocowych na świecie. Przemysł owocowy wytwarza na szeroką skalę podczas przetwarzania owoców pozostałości poprodukcyjne zwane wytłokami owocowymi. Generalnie wytłoki te są składowane na pryzmach i nazywane odpadem poprodukcyjnym. Wytłoki owocowe po procesie przetwarzania nadal cechują się wysoką zawartością składników prozdrowotnych, takich jak: błonnik pokarmowy, pektyna oraz składniki mineralne. Zawierają również duże ilości polifenoli charakteryzujących się wysoką aktywnością przeciwoksydacyjną. Dlatego też mają one wysoki potencjał do reutylizacji w prozdrowotne produkty spożywcze, nie tylko na pasze dla zwierząt czy do produkcji pektyn jak to miało miejsce na chwilę obecną. Wiele z składników wytłoków może być również z powodzeniem wykorzystywana w przemyśle niespożywczym, takim jak przemysł paliwowym lub ulegać innego rodzaju biotransofrmacjom. Z tego tez powodu wykorzystanie wytłoków owocowych jako surowca w innych procesach powinno być rozszerzone o otrzymywanie bardziej efektywnych produktów zgodnie z zasadami zrównoważonego rozwoju. Ze względu na problem utylizacji pozostałości poprodukcyjnych wskazane jest przedstawienie możliwości dalszego wykorzystania odpadów owocowych i wynikających z nich konsekwencji

Pulp obtained after isolation of starch from red and purple potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) as an innovative ingredient in the production of gluten-free bread.

Starch based gluten-free bread (formulations containing mixture of corn and potato starch with hydrocolloids) are deficient in nutrients and do not contain health promoting compounds. Therefore they could be supplemented with raw materials rich in such components, especially antioxidants. Among them pseudo-cereals, seeds, fruits and vegetables are often applied to this purpose. Potato pulp produced by processing red fleshed (Magenta Love) and purple fleshed (Violetta) varieties could become a new innovative substrate for gluten-free bread enrichment, because of high levels of endogenous polyphenols, namely flavonoids, flavonols, phenolic acids and especially anthocyanins with high antioxidant potential, as well as dietary fiber. Study material consisted of gluten-free bread enriched in the pulp. Dietary fiber, acrylamide content and antioxidant and antiradical potential of the bread were determined. Sensory evaluation included crumb elasticity, porosity and other characteristics, taste and smell. Among all analyzed gluten-free breads, the sample containing 7.5% share of freeze-dried red potato pulp Magenta Love was characterized by high content of phenolic compounds and dietary fiber, pronounced antioxidant activity, low levels of potentially dangerous acrylamide and good physical and sensory characteristics. Therefore such an addition (7.5% Magenta Love) could be recommended for industrial production of gluten-free bread

Apple Pomace as a Source of Bioactive Polyphenol Compounds in Gluten-Free Breads

Gluten-free products based on starch and hydrocolloids are deficient in nutrients and do not contain pro-health substances. Therefore, they should be enriched in raw materials naturally rich in antioxidants, especially if they are intended for celiac patients, prone to high oxidative stress. Apart from the traditionally used pseudo-cereals, seeds, vegetables and fruits, innovative substrates such as the by-product (especially in Poland) dry apple pomace could be applied. The study material consisted of gluten-free bread enriched with apple pomace. The content of individual polyphenols, the content of total polyphenol and flavonoids, and also the antioxidant potential of the bread were determined by the UPLC-PDA-MS/MS methods. It was observed that apple pomace was a natural concentrate of bioactive substances from the group of polyphenols. In summary, gluten-free bread with 5% content of apple pomace showed the highest organoleptic scores and contained high levels of phenolic compounds. The values of total phenolic content, and the amounts of flavonoids, phenolic acids and phloridzin in this bread were 2.5, 8, 4 and 21 times higher in comparison to control