A Role of Fractional Dimension in Study Physics

We study physics from a fractional dimensional perspective. It is considered that the whole space is not only integer dimensions but also a superposition of spaces between integer dimensions. Space-filling between integer dimensions makes a fractional dimensional space. This happens through a rotation of the integer dimension by the fractional derivative operator (local part) to sweep all spaces between two integer dimensions. Then, we introduce four axioms which they can help us to build a mathematical framework for study physics from fractional dimension point of view. Afterward, three scenarios such as static, linear and quadratic trajectories are demonstrated. Where moving with linear or quadratic trajectories in fractional dimensional space corresponds to an inertial framework or accelerated system in physics, respectively. Also from this opinion, it is realized that the coupling of space and time (space-time) happens through the dimension with an interconnection role where we call it space-dimension-time. Finally, the wave equation is derived from fractional dimensional point of view with a linear trajectory in fractional dimensional space. And the behavior of electromagnetic wave in lossless and lossy mediums, Doppler effect and gravitational red (blue)-shift are also demonstrated from fractional dimensional aspect

Understanding the Politics of Refugee Law and Policy Making: Interdisciplinary and Empirical Approaches

In this article, we argue that building a stronger empirical understanding of the politics of domestic refugee law and policy making is essential for refugee law scholars to better advocate for protection-orientated reforms. While much of the legal scholarship is aimed at promoting policy change, the best way to achieve this goal has rarely been examined. We identify three key areas of interdisciplinary empirical research that can create a stronger evidence-base for improving domestic policy reform efforts. This includes understanding the institutions and actors involved in policy formulation, measuring the impact of refugee laws and policies in practice, and identifying how to influence public opinion and build support for progressive law and policy change. We showcase existing interdisciplinary research in each of these areas, and highlight topics ripe for further empirical inquiry

CIVIL RESPONSIBILITY OF MAINTENANCE AND TRANSPORTATION ORGANIZATION AGAINST DAMAGES DUE TO ROAD DEFECTS IN IRAN’ LAW

Abstract. Maintenance organization is to maintain, establish, keep and securitization of roads. In the eventwhen defects of road or lacking observation of safety principles are effective in accidents, their responsibility shall be based on patterns of civil responsibility and special laws for establishing and their responsibility. Civil responsibility for the custodians is discussed from two points, in one side, it is based on patterns of civil responsibility and fault theory and in other side, since road custodians are governmental and public institutes generally, and the analysis was performed in terms of civil responsibility of government. This research methodology is analytic-descriptive and the collection of data is as librarian. The results of this study show that the failure of maintenance and transportation organization and lacking observation of defect and inattention to securitization can result to mortal accidents andtolerate high costs on people and government and caused situations in which people or organizations are regarded as responsible to remove defects and control and prevent from accidents in roads.Key words: Civil Responsibility, Transportation, Road Protectors, Road Defect, Fault

CIVIL RESPONSIBILITY OF MAINTENANCE AND TRANSPORTATION ORGANIZATION AGAINST DAMAGES DUE TO ROAD DEFECTS IN IRAN’ LAW

Abstract. Maintenance organization is to maintain, establish, keep and securitization of roads. In the eventwhen defects of road or lacking observation of safety principles are effective in accidents, their responsibility shall be based on patterns of civil responsibility and special laws for establishing and their responsibility. Civil responsibility for the custodians is discussed from two points, in one side, it is based on patterns of civil responsibility and fault theory and in other side, since road custodians are governmental and public institutes generally, and the analysis was performed in terms of civil responsibility of government. This research methodology is analytic-descriptive and the collection of data is as librarian. The results of this study show that the failure of maintenance and transportation organization and lacking observation of defect and inattention to securitization can result to mortal accidents andtolerate high costs on people and government and caused situations in which people or organizations are regarded as responsible to remove defects and control and prevent from accidents in roads.Key words: Civil Responsibility, Transportation, Road Protectors, Road Defect, Fault

Reactions of some grape cultivars to Dematophora necatrix

White root rot of grape caused by Dematophora necatrix is prevalent in Jahrom and Mimand of Fars province, Iran. In a greenhouse tests 30 gr of colonized wheat kernels per 1,200 g soil amended with peat moss were used to inoculate rooted cuttings of 29 Vitis vinifera and one hybrid cultivar in the pots. After 150 days most cuttings belonging to 27 V. vinifera cultivars and the hybrid died and were evaluated susceptible. However, 9 seedlings from 'Bidaneh Sephid Gazvin' and 3 from 'Bidaneh Ghermez Gazvin' remained alive. Roots of these cuttings were totally free from mycelium and looked healthy. The seedlings were transplanted after root disinfection with benomyl, in soil near Zarghan Vineyard Collection for further studies

A Theoretical Framework for Electromechanically Reinforced Brillouin Scattering in Integrated Photonic Waveguides

Current theoretical demonstration of the Stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) in waveguides composed of centrosymmetric materials does not capture physics of the phenomenon in waveguides composed of non-centrosymmetric materials. The SBS in the latter problem, entails mutual coupling of the electric and acoustic waves due to piezoelectricity, and ends up to a different power conversion equation than that in a centrosymmetric material. In this study, we theoretically investigate Brillouin scattering in chip-scale waveguides with non-centrosymmetric material when excited by an Inter-Digital-Transducer. We explain how Brillouin scattering is formulated in the presence of externally injected acoustic waves. Also we demonstrate the effect of this external signal on reinforcing Stimulated Brillouin scattering. As a case study we study SBS in a gallium arsenide nonowire. It is shown that the Stokes amplification due to electromechanically reinforced SBS in this waveguide can grow several orders of magnitude higher than the values reported for the SBS in a silicon nanowire; This enables reducing the waveguide length required for a given Stokes amplification from centimeters to few hundred micrometers

A two-level Product Recommender for E-commerce Sites by Using Sequential Pattern Analysis

With the development of communication networks and rapid growth of their applications, huge amount of information have been produced. Major part of these information are in electronic stores, and hence it's really hard to find desired products inside huggermugger. Product Recommendation System (PRS) tries to solve this problem by giving appropriate and fast recommendations to the customers. This paper proposes a two-level product recommender for E-commerce sites. At first, the available products are clustered by using C-Means algorithm to create groups of products with similar characteristics. Then, the second level considers the customers’ behavior and their purchase history for drawing the relationships between products by using Sequential Pattern Analysis (SPA) method. These relationships, eventually, will lead to appropriate recommendation for customers and also increases the likelihood of selling related products in electronic transactions. Extensive numerical simulations over UCI transactions 10k dataset indicates that 87% of records in mined sequential patterns are predicted correctly and the accuracy of recommendations is more than other RPSs

On optimization and solution of roots of a function using Taylor's expansion and fractional derivatives

A method is given for finding roots of a one-variable function using Taylor's expansion of that function and fractional derivative calculated at a suitable tangent point without using Newton's method. Several examples regarding polynomials are stated for making the method clearly. Then, the given method is generalized to functions of several variables belonging to an $n$-dimensional space. The given method can be much more rapidly than the Newton's one since finding a suitable point on the function, the number of iterations becomes much less than Newton's iterative steps. The methods given in this paper can be used for optimization of function via fractional derivatives of order $\beta$.Comment: 15 pages, 1 figur