Pet poisoning with addictive agents - central nervous system depressants

Nastavno prethodnim radovima u koji- ma su opisana otrovanja pasa i mačaka hra- nom i dodatcima hrani: čokoladom, kavom, grožđem, lukom i oraščićima makadamije te ksilitolom i solju u ovom su radu opisana otrovanja sredstvima koja izazivaju ovisnost odnosno nekim depresorima središnjeg živ- čanog sustava: marihuanom, opioidima, „klupskim“ drogama - flunitrazepam i ga- mahidroksibutirat (GHB). Ilegalni lijekovi ili zloporabne droge su vrlo čest uzrok otrovanja kućnih ljubimaca od kojih su psi najprijemlji- viji. Otrovanje nastaje zbog slučajne ingestije, krivog doziranja, ali i zlonamjernih trovanja. Ingestija zloporabnih droga predstavlja dija- gnostički, često i etički izazov veterinarima kliničarima, a vlasnici vrlo često nisu uop- će svjesni čemu je životinja bila izložena. U ovom radu opisani su toksični učinci najče- šćih depresora središnjeg živčanog sustava u kontekstu veterinarske toksikologije - izvori otrovanja, toksičnost, toksikokinetika, meha- nizam toksičnog djelovanja, klinički znakovi otrovanja, dijagnostika i liječenje otrovanih životinja. Cilj ovog rada je detaljan opis naj- češćih lijekova koji se zloupotrebljuju, klinički protokol te terapija otrovanih životinja u svr- hu informiranja vlasnika životinja u smislu preventivnog djelovanja i izbjegavanja rizika kontakta životinja s navedenim lijekovima.Following previous work in which we described poisoning with food and food ad- ditives: chocolate, coffee, grapes, macadamia nuts, onions and garlic, xylitol and salt this paper described the poisoning with the most common central nervous system depressants (marijuana, barbiturates, opioids, “club” drugs-flunitrazepam and Gamma hydroxy- butyrate (GHB)). Exposure to illegal drugs is very common cause of companion animal poi- soning, of which dogs are the most susceptible. The poisoning is due to accidental ingestion, wrong dosage, but also malicious poisoning. Illegal drug ingestion presents both diagnostic and ethical challenge to the clinician and pet owners may not be aware of what the animal was exposed to. This work describes the most common central nervous system depressants in context of veterinary toxicology - sources of poisoning, toxicity, toxicokinetic, mechanism of action-clinical signs of poisoning, diagnos- tics and treatment of poisoned animals. The aim of this thesis is a detailed description of the most commonly used drugs, clinical pro- tocol and treatment of poisoned animals in order to raise awareness for animal owners in terms of preventive action and avoiding the risk of animal contact with these drugs

DIZZINESS PREVENTION

Vrtoglavica je snažna iluzija kretanja bolesnika u prostoru ili predmeta u prostoru oko tijela bolesnika, a javlja se kao posljedica poremećaja sustava za percepciju prostora. Vrtoglavica je, nakon glavobolje, najčešći simptom u medicini, a njome se manifestiraju poremećaji u različitim organskim sustavima. Sve je češće obolijevanje mladih, radno sposobnih osoba pa su vrtoglavice javnozdravstveni problem jer smanjuju radnu sposobnost i kvalitetu života vezanu za zdravlje. Vrtoglavice narušavaju kvalitetu života vezanu uz zdravlje te imaju utjecaj na društvene i profesionalne aktivnosti, obiteljski život i dovode do psiholoških, ekonomskih i fizičkih gubitaka. U prevenciji vrtoglavica se kao najvažniji navode pravilna prehrana i tjelesna aktivnost. Modificiranje prehrane te promjena nezdravih navika pomažu u upravljanju stanjem, a tjelesna aktivnost ima pozitivan utjecaj na ravnotežu. Pravilnom prehranom, tjelesnom aktivnošću, promjenom načina životnog stila moguće je prevenirati vrtoglavice i smanjiti njihovu učestalost.Dizziness is a strong illusion of movement either of the patient in space or of objects in space around the patient’s body, and occurs as a result of disturbance in the spatial perception system. Dizziness, after headache, is the most common symptom in medicine, and it manifests disorders in various organ systems. More and more young, working-age individuals are getting sick, making dizziness a public health issue as it reduces work capacity and health-related quality of life. Dizziness impairs health-related quality of life and has an impact on social and professional activities, family life and leads to psychological, economic and physical problems. Proper nutrition and physical activity are cited as the most important factors in preventing dizziness. Modifying diet and changing unhealthy habits help manage the condition, and physical activity has a positive effect on balance. Proper diet, physical activity, lifestyle changes can prevent dizziness and reduce its frequency

The Toxicity of Drugs for Animals : Addictive Agens

Ilegalni lijekovi ili zloporabne droge su vrlo čest uzrok otrovanja kućnih ljubimaca od kojih su psi najprijemljiviji. Otrovanje nastaje zbog slučajne ingestije, krivog doziranja, ali i zlonamjernih trovanja. Ingestija zloporabnih droga predstavlja dijagnostički, često i etički izazov veterinarima kliničarima, a vlasnici vrlo često nisu uopće svjesni čemu je životinja bila izložena. U ovom radu opisani su najčešći depresori središnjeg živčanog sustava (marihuana, barbiturati, opioidi, ”klupske” droge - flunitrazepam i GHB), stimulansi (kokain, amfetamini i MDMA) te halucinogeni i disocijativni lijekovi (LSD, LSA, feniciklidin i ketamin) u kontekstu veterinarske toksikologije - izvori otrovanja, toksičnost, toksikokinetika, mehanizam toksičnog djelovanja, klinički znakovi otrovanja, dijagnostika i liječenje otrovanih životinja. Cilj ovog rada je detaljan opis najčešćih lijekova koji se zloupotrebljuju, klinički protokol te terapija otrovanih životinja u svrhu informiranja vlasnika životinja u smislu preventivnog djelovanja i izbjegavanja rizika kontakta životinja sa navedenim lijekovima.Exposure to illegal drugs is very common cause of companion animal poisoning, of which dogs are the most susceptible. The poisoning is due to accidental ingestion, wrong dosage, but also malicious poisoning. Illegal drug ingestion presents both diagnostic and ethical challenge to the clinician and pet owners may not be aware of what the animal was exposed to. This thesis describes the most common central nervous system depressants (marijuana, barbiturates, opioids, "club" drugs-flunitrazepam and GHB), stimulants (cocaine, amphetamines and MDMA), hallucinogenic and dissociative drugs (LSD, LSA, phencyclidine and ketamine) in context of veterinary toxicology- sources of poisoning, toxicity, toxicokinetic, mechanism of action-clinical signs of poisoning, diagnostics and treatment of poisoned animals. The aim of this thesis is a detailed description of the most commonly used drugs, clinical protocol and treatment of poisoned animals in order to raise awareness for animal owners in terms of preventive action and avoiding the risk of animal contact with these drugs

The Toxicity of Drugs for Animals : Addictive Agens

Ilegalni lijekovi ili zloporabne droge su vrlo čest uzrok otrovanja kućnih ljubimaca od kojih su psi najprijemljiviji. Otrovanje nastaje zbog slučajne ingestije, krivog doziranja, ali i zlonamjernih trovanja. Ingestija zloporabnih droga predstavlja dijagnostički, često i etički izazov veterinarima kliničarima, a vlasnici vrlo često nisu uopće svjesni čemu je životinja bila izložena. U ovom radu opisani su najčešći depresori središnjeg živčanog sustava (marihuana, barbiturati, opioidi, ”klupske” droge - flunitrazepam i GHB), stimulansi (kokain, amfetamini i MDMA) te halucinogeni i disocijativni lijekovi (LSD, LSA, feniciklidin i ketamin) u kontekstu veterinarske toksikologije - izvori otrovanja, toksičnost, toksikokinetika, mehanizam toksičnog djelovanja, klinički znakovi otrovanja, dijagnostika i liječenje otrovanih životinja. Cilj ovog rada je detaljan opis najčešćih lijekova koji se zloupotrebljuju, klinički protokol te terapija otrovanih životinja u svrhu informiranja vlasnika životinja u smislu preventivnog djelovanja i izbjegavanja rizika kontakta životinja sa navedenim lijekovima.Exposure to illegal drugs is very common cause of companion animal poisoning, of which dogs are the most susceptible. The poisoning is due to accidental ingestion, wrong dosage, but also malicious poisoning. Illegal drug ingestion presents both diagnostic and ethical challenge to the clinician and pet owners may not be aware of what the animal was exposed to. This thesis describes the most common central nervous system depressants (marijuana, barbiturates, opioids, "club" drugs-flunitrazepam and GHB), stimulants (cocaine, amphetamines and MDMA), hallucinogenic and dissociative drugs (LSD, LSA, phencyclidine and ketamine) in context of veterinary toxicology- sources of poisoning, toxicity, toxicokinetic, mechanism of action-clinical signs of poisoning, diagnostics and treatment of poisoned animals. The aim of this thesis is a detailed description of the most commonly used drugs, clinical protocol and treatment of poisoned animals in order to raise awareness for animal owners in terms of preventive action and avoiding the risk of animal contact with these drugs