216 research outputs found
Letter to Dean F. William Summers providing information on SEAALL, November 3, 1989
A letter from Clare Donnelly to Dean F. William Summers providing information on SEAALL and asking the Dean to share information with students
Letter to Dean Katherine Helm providing information on SEAALL, November 3, 1989
A letter from Clare Donnelly to Dean Katherine Helm providing information on SEAALL and asking the Dean to share information with students. Includes a note from Donnelly to Ebba Jo Sexton
The Determination and Pharmacokinetics of Methimazole in Biological Fluids
The Determination and Pharmacokinetics of Methimazole in Biological Fluids. The development of methimazole therapy, its mechanism of action and pharmacokinetics in man have been briefly reviewed. Specific, sensitive analytical methods were developed for methimazole and 3-methyl-2-thiohydantoin using gas chromatography- mass spectrometry. Trideutromethylimidazole was successfully synthesised and used as the internal standard. Extraction methods were developed for the separation of methimazole from various biological media. Using these specific methods, various clinical investigations were undertaken. Dosage linearity was shown when the plasma concentrations and kinetics of patients on a low dosage regimen where compared to those on a high dosage regimen. A lack of accumulation was also indicated as the plasma concentrations were shown to be at steady-state. Plasma concentrations of methimazole could be correlated with its effect on the inhibition of organification. Thus, the great divergence in the therapeutic response to the drug in thyrotoxicosis is obviously not due to differences in plasma pharmacokinetics or the extent of inhibition of organification of iodine. No significant differences between pharmacokinetic parameters after oral administration to euthyroid and hyperthyroid patients were observed. Thus, it appears that thyroid hormones do not depress or increase the metabolism of methimazole and therefore there are no pharmacokinetic reasons to adjust the dose of methimazole during treatment of thyrotoxicosis. Results for intrathyroidal concentrations supported the concept that methimazole is actively concentrated in the thyroid gland by showing no linearity with dose, an increase in thyroid/plasma concentration ratios with time and a decrease in thyroid/plasma concentration ratio with increasing dose thus indicating a saturated system. However, results for the percentage inhibition of iodide organification appears to be in direct conflict with the intrathyroidal levels. It is likely that the perchlorate discharge test underestimates the duration of action of methimazole as it does not gauge the extent of inhibition of coupling by methimazole. The analysis of infant plasma samples in conjunction with maternal plasma and milk samples showed that the maternal milk/plasma concentration ratio approached unity and that infant plasma levels of methimazole were significant. However, the clinical indices showed no abnormalities in their thyroid function. Therefore, with low doses and careful thyroid monitoring, methimazole is suitable for the treatment of hyperthyroidism in breast-feeding mothers
Recommended from our members
Art & allyship : fostering LGBT inclusion at the Chrysler Museum of Art
This study examines an art museumâs efforts to foster greater inclusion for the LGBT community through a range of programming, outreach, and staff initiatives. Employing a mixed methods case study methodology, this research investigated the inclusive practices of the Chrysler Museum of Art, a mid-sized, encyclopedic museum in Norfolk, Virginia. Through direct observation, semi-structured interviews, survey questionnaires, and document review, this research uncovered meaningful insights surrounding the motivations, implementation, and impacts of the Chryslerâs efforts to welcome local LGBT community members into the museum. An analysis of the data exposed an institution-wide culture of inclusion built on prior efforts to engage diverse local communities and create a more accessible space for all audiences. This study demonstrates that targeted initiatives to welcome the LGBT community can establish the museum as a safe and inviting space for staff and visitors alike; connect LGBT individuals with a shared history and shed light on invisible narratives; educate front-line staff about gender and sexual difference and prepare them for positive interactions with LGBT visitors; and present opportunities for collaboration, community building, and critical dialogue to occur. These discoveries present valuable insights for art educators and museum practitioners interested in developing more inclusive practices within their own organizations and working toward a more just society for all.Art Educatio
Parental Perceptions of Oral Health and School-Based Dental Sealant Programs
Introduction:
Community Health Needs Assessment (University of Vermont Medical Center, 2013)
Identified oral health in pediatric population as a primary concern
Barriers to dental care cited: access, affordability, education School-Based Sealant Program (SBSP)
Dental sealants are an evidence-based method of cavity prevention
CDC strongly recommends delivery via SBSPs
Few Vermont schools have such a program
Vermont Medicaid State Plan amendment allows dental hygienists to bill without on-site dentist (2015)4
Unique opportunity to pilot an SBSP
Pilot program implemented by the University of Vermont Medical Center Community Health Improvement
Goal: sustainable model able to be replicated in Vermont schools Pilot School Selection â Milton Elementary-Middle School (MEMS)
Demographics representative of Vermont schools (46% free & reduced lunch program); school administration supportive of an SBSP; no existing dental education (âTooth Tutorâ) program per Vermont Office of Oral Healthhttps://scholarworks.uvm.edu/comphp_gallery/1232/thumbnail.jp
Behavioural traits of rainbow trout and brown trout may help explain their differing invasion success and impacts
Animal behaviour is increasingly recognised as critical to the prediction of non-native species success and impacts. Rainbow trout and brown trout have been introduced globally, but there appear to be differences in their patterns of invasiveness and ecological impact. Here, we investigated whether diploid rainbow trout and diploid and triploid brown trout differ among several key behavioural measures linked to invasiveness and impact. We assessed activity, boldness, aggression, and feeding, using open field, novel object, shelter, mirror, feeding, and functional response experiments. We also tested within each fish type for behavioural syndromes comprising correlations among activity, boldness and aggression. Rainbow trout were more active and aggressive but less bold than diploid and triploid brown trout. In small groups, however, rainbow trout were bolder than both types of brown trout. Diploid brown trout were more active and bolder than triploids when tested individually, and had a higher functional response than both rainbow trout and triploid brown trout. In terms of behavioural syndromes, there was no association between activity and boldness in rainbow trout, however, there was in both brown trout types. The increased activity and aggression of rainbow trout may reflect an increased stress response to novel situations, with this response reduced in a group. These results suggest that rainbow trout do not manage their energy budgets effectively, and may explain why they have limited survival as invaders. In addition, the lower functional response of rainbow trout may explain why they are implicated in fewer ecological impacts, and the triploidy treatment also appears to lower the potential impact of brown trout. Comparative analyses of multiple behaviours of invasive species and genetic variants may thus be key to understanding and predicting invader success and ecological impacts
Could targeted exercise programmes prevent lower limb injury in community Australian football?
Background: Australian football is a popular sport in Australia, at both the community and elite levels. It is a high-speed contact sport with a higher incidence of medically treated injuries when compared with most other organized sports. Hamstring injuries, ligament injuries to the knee or ankle, hip/groin injuries and tendinopathies are particularly common and often result in considerable time lost from sport. Consequently, the prevention of lower limb injuries is a priority for both community and elite Australian football organizations. There is considerable literature available on exercise programmes aimed at reducing lower limb injuries in Australian football and other running-related sports. The quality and outcomes of these studies have varied considerably, but indicate that exercise protocols may be an effective means of preventing lower limb injuries. Despite this, there has been limited high-quality and systematic evaluation of these data. Objective: The aim of this literature review is to systematically evaluate the evidence about the benefits of lower limb injury prevention exercise protocols aimed at reducing the most common severe lower limb injuries in Australian football. Methods: The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, the Cochrane Bone Joint and Muscle Trauma Group Specialized Register, MEDLINE and other electronic databases were searched, from January 1990 to December 2010. Papers reporting the results of randomized controlled trials (RCTs), quasi-RCTs, cohort and case-control studies were extracted. Primary outcomes were injury reduction or risk factor identification and/or modification. Secondary outcomes were adherence to any trialled interventions, injury severity and adverse effects such as secondary injuries and muscle soreness. The methodological quality of extracted manuscripts was assessed and results were collated. Results: Forty-seven papers were identified and reviewed of which 18 related to hamstring injury, eight related to knee or ankle ligament injury, five related to tendon injury and four were hip or groin injury related. Another 12 papers targeted general lower limb injuries. Most (n = 27 [57 %]) were observational studies, investigating injury risk factors. Twenty reported the results of intervention trials. Of these, 15 were efficacy trials reporting the effects of an intervention in reducing injury rates, four were biomechanical interventions in which the impact of the intervention on a known injury risk factor was assessed and one reported changes in injury risk factors as well as injury rates. The strength of the evidence base for exercise programmes for lower limb injury prevention was found to be limited, primarily due to the research methods employed, low adherence to interventions by the study participants and a lack of statistical power. Limited evidence obtained from a small number of RCTs suggests that balance and control exercises might be efficacious in preventing ankle ligament injuries and a programme involving a combination of balance and control exercises, eccentric hamstring, plyometrics and strength exercises could be efficacious in preventing all lower limb injuries. Conclusions: Overall, the evidence for exercise programmes as an efficacious lower limb injury prevention strategy is predominantly restricted to studies addressing injury aetiology and mechanisms. The findings of this review highlight the need to develop and test interventions in well designed population-based trials with an emphasis on promoting intervention uptake and adherence and, hence, intervention effectiveness. The results of this review can inform the development of the components of a future lower limb injury prevention exercise protocol for community-level Australian football. Š 2013 Springer International Publishing Switzerland. Funded by the NHMRC
Climate Change: Scenarios & Impacts for Ireland (2000-LS-5.2.1-M1) ISBN:1-84095-115-X
The Third Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental
Panel on Climate Change (IPCC, 2001) is the most
authoritative assessment of global climate change to date.
Produced by several hundred leading scientists in various
areas of climate studies, its principal conclusions include
the following:
⢠Global average temperature has increased by
0.6 ¹ 0.2°C since 1860 with accelerated warming
apparent in the latter decades of the 20th century. A
further increase of 1.5â6.0°C from 1990 to 2100 is
projected, depending on how emissions of
greenhouse gases increase over the period.
⢠The 20th century was the warmest of the last
millennium in the Northern Hemisphere, with the
1990s being the warmest decade and 1998 the
warmest year. Warming has been more pronounced
at night than during the day.
⢠Reductions in the extent of snow cover of 10% have
occurred in the past 40 years, with a widespread
retreat also of mountain glaciers outside the polar
regions. Sea-ice thickness in the Arctic has declined
by about 40% during late summer/early autumn,
though no comparable reduction has taken place in
winter. In the Antarctic, no similar trends have been
observed. One of the most serious impacts on global
sea level could result from a catastrophic failure of
grounded ice in West Antarctica. This is, however,
considered unlikely over the coming century.
⢠Global sea level has risen by 0.1â0.2 m over the past
century, an order of magnitude larger than the
average rate over the past three millennia. A rise of
approximately 0.5 m is considered likely during the
period 1990â2100.
⢠Precipitation has increased over the land masses of
the temperate regions by 0.5â1.0% per decade.
Frequencies of more intense rainfall events appear to
be increasing also in the Northern Hemisphere. In
contrast, decreases in rainfall over the tropics have
been observed, though this trend has weakened in
recent years. More frequent warm-phase El NiĂąo
events are occurring in the Pacific Basin.
Precipitation increases are projected, particularly for
winter, for middle and high latitudes in the Northern
Hemisphere and for Antarctica.
⢠No significant trends in the tropical cyclone
climatology have been detected.
These global trends have implications for the future
course of Irelandâs climate which it is judicious to
anticipate. This report presents an assessment of the
magnitude and likely impacts of climate change in
Ireland over the course of the current century. It
approaches this by establishing scenarios for future Irish
climate based on global climate model projections for the
middle and last quarter of the present century. These
projections are then used to assess probable impacts in
key sectors such as agriculture, forestry, water resources,
the coastal and marine environments and on biodiversity.
The purpose of the report is to firstly identify where
vulnerability to climate change exists in Ireland and what
adjustments are likely in the operation of environmental
systems in response to such changes. In some sectors, e.g.
agriculture, some new opportunities may arise. In other
instances, e.g. water resource management, long-term
planning strategies will be necessary to mitigate adverse
impacts. Long lead times for adjustment characterise
many sectors, e.g. forestry, and it is important to provide
as much advance warning of likely changes as possible to
enable adaptation to commence early. By anticipating
change it may be possible to minimise adverse impacts
and to maximise positive aspects of global climate
change
Climate Change: Scenarios & Impacts for Ireland (2000-LS-5.2.1-M1) ISBN:1-84095-115-X
The Third Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental
Panel on Climate Change (IPCC, 2001) is the most
authoritative assessment of global climate change to date.
Produced by several hundred leading scientists in various
areas of climate studies, its principal conclusions include
the following:
⢠Global average temperature has increased by
0.6 ¹ 0.2°C since 1860 with accelerated warming
apparent in the latter decades of the 20th century. A
further increase of 1.5â6.0°C from 1990 to 2100 is
projected, depending on how emissions of
greenhouse gases increase over the period.
⢠The 20th century was the warmest of the last
millennium in the Northern Hemisphere, with the
1990s being the warmest decade and 1998 the
warmest year. Warming has been more pronounced
at night than during the day.
⢠Reductions in the extent of snow cover of 10% have
occurred in the past 40 years, with a widespread
retreat also of mountain glaciers outside the polar
regions. Sea-ice thickness in the Arctic has declined
by about 40% during late summer/early autumn,
though no comparable reduction has taken place in
winter. In the Antarctic, no similar trends have been
observed. One of the most serious impacts on global
sea level could result from a catastrophic failure of
grounded ice in West Antarctica. This is, however,
considered unlikely over the coming century.
⢠Global sea level has risen by 0.1â0.2 m over the past
century, an order of magnitude larger than the
average rate over the past three millennia. A rise of
approximately 0.5 m is considered likely during the
period 1990â2100.
⢠Precipitation has increased over the land masses of
the temperate regions by 0.5â1.0% per decade.
Frequencies of more intense rainfall events appear to
be increasing also in the Northern Hemisphere. In
contrast, decreases in rainfall over the tropics have
been observed, though this trend has weakened in
recent years. More frequent warm-phase El NiĂąo
events are occurring in the Pacific Basin.
Precipitation increases are projected, particularly for
winter, for middle and high latitudes in the Northern
Hemisphere and for Antarctica.
⢠No significant trends in the tropical cyclone
climatology have been detected.
These global trends have implications for the future
course of Irelandâs climate which it is judicious to
anticipate. This report presents an assessment of the
magnitude and likely impacts of climate change in
Ireland over the course of the current century. It
approaches this by establishing scenarios for future Irish
climate based on global climate model projections for the
middle and last quarter of the present century. These
projections are then used to assess probable impacts in
key sectors such as agriculture, forestry, water resources,
the coastal and marine environments and on biodiversity.
The purpose of the report is to firstly identify where
vulnerability to climate change exists in Ireland and what
adjustments are likely in the operation of environmental
systems in response to such changes. In some sectors, e.g.
agriculture, some new opportunities may arise. In other
instances, e.g. water resource management, long-term
planning strategies will be necessary to mitigate adverse
impacts. Long lead times for adjustment characterise
many sectors, e.g. forestry, and it is important to provide
as much advance warning of likely changes as possible to
enable adaptation to commence early. By anticipating
change it may be possible to minimise adverse impacts
and to maximise positive aspects of global climate
change
- âŚ