The Status of Automated Accounting Instruction in Secondary Schools in Illinois

Purpose The purpose of this study was to find characteristics of schools that teach automated accounting in Illinois. A survey instrument was developed which requested information about school size, computer facilities, demographics about the instructor, and other items that may be useful in finding information about the instruction of automated accounting. Procedures This study was conducted in high schools randomly selected in the state of Illinois. Accounting teachers from 250 selected schools were surveyed from the population of 760. Two mailings of the survey instrument were delivered. 151 responded to the first mailing while 28 more responded to the second mailing. The characteristics of schools teaching automated accounting were compared to those of schools not teaching automated accounting. Results and Conclusions In Illinois, 123 of the 178 schools that responded include the instruction of automated accounting in the curriculum. 117 of these 123 schools (95.1%) include computerized accounting with other accounting courses while 6 have a separate course for automated accounting. Sixty-six schools introduce computerized accounting during the first semester of accounting courses. This would indicate that these schools are instructing automated accounting and manual accounting methods concurrently. These schools are consistent with the majority opinion of researchers who recommend that computerized accounting should be introduced early in accounting courses. The instruction of automated accounting appears to be influenced by some of the factors listed on the questionnaire. Larger schools are more likely to include automated accounting in the curriculum. Instructors with a master\u27s degree or more are also more likely to teach automated accounting. The gender of the instructor appears to have no influence on the teaching of computerized accounting while previous accounting or bookkeeping work experience seems to influence the instruction of automated accounting. Instructors over 49 years of age are also more likely to teach automated accounting as 76.5% in this age category do compared to the overall total of 69.1%

A Study of Energy Resolution and Non-proportionality of YAlO3:Ce and Gd3Ga3Al2O12:Ce

For many radiation detection applications, energy resolution is one of the most important detector characteristics. In well designed scintillation detectors, the energy resolution is primarily driven by two main factors - the light output and light yield non-proportionality. A great deal of research has already focused on understanding and improving the light yield of scintillation detectors; however, light yield non-proportionality is less well understood. Until recently, light yield non-proportionality was thought to be an intrinsic scintillator property with very little sample-to-sample variation. In this work, two materials have been investigated that demonstrate a variable light yield non-proportionality. The first material investigated was Gd3Ga3Al2O12:Ce. For this material, it was determined that co-doping led to an observable change in light yield non-proportionality and light output, which in turn led to an improvement from 9.0% to 7.8% as a result of boron co-doping and a degradation to 10.1% as a result of calcium co-doping. The second scintillator investigated was YAlO3:Ce (YAP:Ce). This material was investigated because it is one of the few materials which exhibits a large sample-to-sample variation of light yield non-proportionality without intentional co-doping. Some of the best samples display a nearly ideal light yield non-proportionality and have an energy resolution as good as 4.3%, while some of the less optimal samples have an energy resolution as poor as 9% as a result of reduced light output, worsened proportionality, and a detrimental optical absorption band. Based on experimental evidence, it was determined that growth in a reducing atmosphere can suppress the detrimental optical absorption band and improve the light output. In addition, it was found that the Ce 3+ concentration was a key parameter in influencing the variable non-proportional behavior. Samples with a higher Ce 3+ concentration exhibited favorable proportionality, and it seems likely that the behavior can be explained by activator saturation

Training "Pivots" from the Pandemic: Lessons Learned Transitioning from In-Person to Virtual Synchronous Training in the Clinical Scholars Leadership Program

Introduction: Since the inception of distance-based teaching modalities, a debate has ensued over the quality of online versus in-person instruction. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, a number of teaching environments-including leadership development trainings for post-graduate learners-have been thrust into exploring the virtual learning environment more thoroughly. One three-year leadership development program for interdisciplinary healthcare professionals transitioned three simultaneous leadership intensives from in-person to online in the spring of 2020. Methods: Documented changes in overall training length, session length, and session format are described. Further, evaluative data were collected from participants at both retreats via post-session surveys. Ninety-three participants attended the 2019 retreat, and 92 participants attended the 2020 virtual retreat. Quantitative data of three rating questions per session are reported: 1) overall session satisfaction, 2) participants' reported knowledge gain, and 3) participants' reported ability gain. Qualitative data were obtained via two open-ended feedback questions per session. Results: In comparing pre/post scores for knowledge and ability, participants had meaningful (and in some cases higher) self-reported gains in knowledge and ability measures in the online environment, as compared to the in-person environment. Participants reported statistically significant gains in all sessions for both knowledge and ability. Qualitative data of participant feedback identified a number of positive themes similar across the in-person and virtual settings. Negative or constructive feedback of the virtual setting included time constraint issues (eg too much content in one session, a desire for more sessions overall), technical difficulties, and the loss of social connection and networking with fellow participants as compared to in-person trainings. Discussion: While meaningful shifts in knowledge and ability ratings indicate that the transition to successful online learning is possible, several disadvantages remain. The preparation time for both faculty and participants was considerable, there is a need to reduce overall content in each session due to time restraints, and participants indicated feeling the loss of one-on-one connections with their peers in the training. Lessons learned of transitioning leadership training from in-person to an online experience are highlighted

Guide to the records of the United States House of Representatives at the National Archives, 1789-1989 /

"January 1989."Shipping list no.: 89-184-P.Distributed to some depository libraries in microfiche.Includes bibliographical references (p. 371-372).Mode of access: Internet

Mesogene-polymer backbone coupling in side-chain polymer liquid crystals, studied by high magnetic-field-induced alignment

Contains fulltext : 115699.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access)4 p