Associatıon of Depression and Trace Elements in Obese Childre

Depression, anxiety disorders, learning disability are common problems requiring pediatric care and found to be associated with obesity. Elevated and reduced levels of trace elements may be indicators of depression. Deficiencies or toxicities of some elements may also cause weight gain leading obesity, which is a health problem increasing worldwide particularly among children and adolescents. In this review, the physical and mental health consequences of pediatric and adolescent obesity will be evaluated from the trace elements point of view. Better understanding of the participation of trace elements in the metabolic pathways related to neurophysiological processes, their interactions and cumulative effects will help to improve health and also the effects of treatment

Trace elements and physical activity in children and adolescents with depression

Abstract: Depression is a common mental health problem among adolescents. Depressive symptoms are also important and may appear even during the preschool period. Physical activity, which may improve some mental health problems, is inversely associated with depression. Due to the presence of some clinical evidence about the relation between the use of antidepressants and suicide, there is a need for supportive agents during antidepressant therapy. Within this context, essential trace elements gain importance for further consideration. Protection of the developing brain from the negative effects of iron deficiency is important because of iron deficiency's association with poor mental development. Reactions between copper and serotonin may contribute to the development of depression because copper may cause alterations in dopamine and norepinephrine levels. Some links between zinc deficiency and depression-like behavior have been noted. The antidepressant-like activity of zinc involves interaction with the serotonergic system. Selenium supplementation significantly improves individuals' mood scores. Low selenium status is associated with depression and anemia, which may lead to poor mental development. The influence of physical activity on trace elements should also be considered. The possible associations between members of neurotransmitter systems and metals as well as physical activity are reviewed here in relation to depression in the youth population. Elevated or reduced levels of metals may be indicators of depression. Intervention toward normalization of the profile of essential trace elements may prevent the development of depression and support the effects of therapy in depressive individuals. Key words: Child, adolescent, trace element, metal, depression, physical activity Çocuklarda ve genç erişkinlerde görülen depresyonda eser elementler ve fiziksel aktivite Özet: Depresyon genç erişkinler arasında yaygın görülen bir akıl sağlığı problemidir. Depresyon belirtileri okul öncesi dönemde bile ortaya çıkabilir. Bazı akıl sağlığı problemleri üzerinde olumlu etkisi gözlenen fiziksel aktivite depresyon ile ters ilişkilidir. Antidepressan kullanımı ve intihar arasındaki ilişki ile ilgili bazı klinik delillere bağlı olarak, antidepressan tedavi sırasında destekleyici ajanlara gereksinim duyulmaktadır. Bu bağlamda, esansiyel eser elementler ileriye yönelik araştırmalar için önem kazanmaktadır. Gelişmekte olan beyinin, yetersiz zekâ gelişimi ile olan ilişkisi nedeniyle demir eksikliğinin olumsuz etkilerinden korunması, demir düzeyinin önemine işaret etmektedir. Bakır, dopamin ve norepinefrin düzeylerinde değişikliklere neden olabildiğinden, bakır ve serotonin arasındaki reaksiyonlar depresyonun gelişmesine katkıda bulunabilir. Çinko eksikliği ile depresyon benzeri davranışlar arasında bazı bağlantılar bildirilmiştir. Çinkonun antidepresan benzeri aktivitesi serotonerjik sistem ile olan etkileşimi içermektedir. Selenyum desteği, bireylerin ruhsal durumlarını önemli ölçüde iyileştirmektedir. Düşük selenyum düzeyi, depresyon ve yetersiz zihinsel gelişmeye yol açabilen anemi ile birliktelik göstermektedir. Fiziksel aktivitenin eser elementler üzerine olan etkisi de göz önüne alınması gereken bir husustur. Bu makalede, fiziksel aktivite ile metaller ve nörotransmitter sistemlere ilişkin parametreler arasındaki olası ilişkiler, çocuk ve gençlerde görülen depresyonla bağlantılı biçimde gözden geçirilmiştir. Artmış ya da azalmış metal düzeyleri depresyon göstergeleri olabilirler. Esansiyel eser element profilinin normalleştirilmesine yönelik girişimler, depresyonun gelişmesini önleyebilir ve depresyonlu bireylerde tedavinin etkisini destekleyebilir. Anahtar sözcükler: Çocuk, genç erişkin, eser element, metal, depresyon, fiziksel aktivit

What Is the Important Point Related to Follow-Up Sonographic Evaluation for the Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip?

Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) is an important cause of childhood disability. Subluxation or dislocation can be diagnosed through pediatric physical examination; nevertheless, the ultrasonographic examination is necessary in diagnosing certain borderline cases. It has been evaluated routine sonographic examination of 2,444 hips of 1,222 babies to determine differences in both, developmental dysplasia and types of hips, and evaluated their development on the 3-month follow-up. Evaluating the pathologic alpha angles under 59, there was no statistically significant differences between girls and boys in both right (55.57 +/- 3.73) (56.20 +/- 4.01), (p = 0.480), and left (55.79 +/- 3.96) (57.00 +/- 3.84), (p = 0.160) hips on the 45th day of life. Routine sonographic examinations on the 45th day of life revealed that 51 of (66.2%) 77 type 2a right hips were girls and 26 (33.8%) were boys. The number of the right hips that develop into type 1 was 38 (74.5%) for girls and 26 (100%) for boys on the 90th day of life (p = 0.005). A total of 87 type 2a left hips included 64 girls (73.6%) and 23 boys (26.4%). In the 90th day control, 49 right hip of girls (76.6%) and 21 right hip of boys (91.3%) developed into type 1 (p = 0.126). In the assessment of both left and right hips, girls showed a significantly higher frequency in latency and boys showed significantly higher development in the control sonography. A total of 31 girls (2.5%) and 11 boys (0.9%) accounted for a total of 42 (3.4%) cases who showed bilateral type 2a hips in 1,222 infants. On the 90th day control, 26 girls (83.9%) and all 11 boys (100%) developed into type 1 (p = 0.156). The study emphasizes the importance of the sonographic examination on the 90th day of life. Results of the investigation include the data of sonographic screening of DDH on the 45th day, and also stress the importance of the 90th-day control sonography after a close follow-up with physical examination between 45th and 90th days of life

Trace elements and physical activity in children and adolescents with depression

Depression is a common mental health problem among adolescents Depressive symptoms are also important and may appear even during the preschool period. Physical activity, which may improve some mental health problems, is inversely associated with depression Due to the presence of some clinical evidence about the relation between the use of antidepressants and suicide, there is a need for supportive agents during antidepressant therapy Within this context, essential trace elements gain importance for further consideration Protection of the developing brain from the negative effects of iron deficiency is Important because of iron deficiency's association with poor mental development. Reactions between copper and serotonin may contribute to the development of depression because copper may cause alterations in dopamine and norepinephrine levels Some links between zinc deficiency and depression-like behavior have been noted The antidepressant-like activity of zinc involves interaction with the serotonergic system. Selenium supplementation significantly improves individuals' mood scores Low selenium status is associated with depression and anemia, which may lead to poor mental development The influence of physical activity on trace elements should also be considered. The possible associations between members of neurotransmitter systems and metals as well as physical activity are reviewed here in relation to depression in the youth population Elevated or reduced levels of metals may be indicators of depression Intervention toward normalization of the profile of essential trace elements may prevent the development of depression and support the effects of therapy in depressive individual

Metal speciation, phytochemicals and Helicobacter pylori infection

Helicobacter pylori (HP) acquired in childhood is an important risk factor for gastric carcinoma. Once colonization is established, infection may be carried for life. The relationship between food intake and HP infection, the presence of metals and phytochemicals closely associated with oxidative stress within everyday diet are important topics to be considered

Hair zinc and copper concentrations and zinc: Copper ratios in pediatric malignancies and healthy children from Southeastern Turkey

PubMedID: 7681681Twenty-eight healthy and forty-six children with malignancy admitted to the Pediatrics Oncology Clinic and Outpatient Clinic of Dicle University, Medical Faculty, Department of Pediatrics in 1989-1990 were included into this study. The children under investigation were divided into three groups. Group 1 consisted of 28 healthy children. Twenty-eight children with newly diagnosed malignant disease, before the start of treatment, formed Group 2. Group 3 consisted of eight of these 28 children together with 18 other children with malignancy in complete remission. 1. Mean hair zinc and copper levels, and zinc/copper values for Group 2 were found to be 100.7±6.8 µg/g, 11.0±0.8 µg/g, and 10.0±0.8, respectively. 2. The corresponding values for Group 3 were obtained as 143.5±6.3 µg/g, 7.6±0.4 µg/g, and 20.2±1.4. 3. The values for Group 1 were 142.6±4.5 µg/g, 8.4±0.5 µg/g, and 19.0±1.4, respectively. 4. The differences between control-active-phase and active-phase-remission groups were statistically significant (p0.05). These results were valid in cases where the comparisons of these three groups were performed also for the subgroups. It was shown that hair zinc and copper levels and zinc/copper values are useful parameters for the diagnosis and treatment of the children with malignancy because of the fact that hair reflects the integrated trace element concentrations of the body, not the present one. © 1994 The Humana Press, Inc