Factors of sufi ideology influence on the formation of the tatar hand-written book traditions

© The authors. The timeliness of the research is determined by the following: in the contemporary world scholars studying the national traditional cultures and awareness of the importance of the book art in its historical development are some of the basic conditions for solving the problems of not only preservation of spiritual and material culture monuments, but the study of the cultures genesis, identification of opportunities for their further development. The paper aims to evince the importance and influence of Sufi ideology on the formation of book art traditions. The study of the problem is based on the classical methods of different sciences: history, culturology, art studies, which help to create a holistic picture of the development of the book art in the Tatar culture. The paper reveals the peculiarities of the development of Tatar hand-written book art, including the following factors brought by Sufism ideology: the absence of any graphic elements, key role of symbols of the universe model, the symbols of color and compositional text distribution on the page. Results and study findings can be used during the preparation of special courses and programs "History of culture and religion", "Cult of the peoples of Tatarstan", "History of World Culture"

Lamellar-to-MLV transformation in SDS/octanol/brine examined by microfluidic-SANS and polarised microscopy

The lamellar-to-multilamellar vesicle (MLV) transformation in a model surfactant system, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), octanol and brine, is investigated under continuous and oscillatory microfluidic contraction–expansion flows, employing polarised optical microscopy and small angle neutron scattering (SANS), with sample volume probed down to ≃20 nL. We determine the lamellar-to-MLV transition requirements at varying flow velocity, oscillation amplitude, frequency, and number of oscillatory cycles. The spatio-temporal evolution of the hierarchical fluid structure is elucidated: lamellar sheets initially align with flow direction upon entering a constriction and then perpendicularly upon exiting; the formation of MLVs at the nanoscale is first observed by SANS within a few (<5) oscillatory cycles, followed by the gradual appearance of a regular (albeit not crystalline) MLV arrangement, at the micronscale, by optical microscopy after tens of cycles, under the conditions investigated. Once MLVs form under flow, these remain metastable for several days

Domain analysis of supervillin, an F-actin bundling plasma membrane protein with functional nuclear localization signals

A growing number of actin-associated membrane proteins have been implicated in motile processes, adhesive interactions, and signal transduction to the cell nucleus. We report here that supervillin, an F-actin binding protein originally isolated from bovine neutrophil plasma membranes, contains functional nuclear targeting signals and localizes at or near vinculin-containing focal adhesion plaques in COS7-2 and CV1 cells. Overexpression of full-length supervillin in these cells disrupts the integrity of focal adhesion plaques and results in increased levels of F-actin and vinculin. Localization studies of chimeric proteins containing supervillin sequences fused with the enhanced green fluorescent protein indicate that: (1) the amino terminus promotes F-actin binding, targeting to focal adhesions, and limited nuclear localization; (2) the dominant nuclear targeting signal is in the center of the protein; and (3) the carboxy-terminal villin/gelsolin homology domain of supervillin does not, by itself, bind tightly to the actin cytoskeleton in vivo. Overexpression of chimeras containing both the amino-terminal F-actin binding site(s) and the dominant nuclear targeting signal results in the formation of large nuclear bundles containing F-actin, supervillin, and lamin. These results suggest that supervillin may contribute to cytoarchitecture in the nucleus, as well as at the plasma membrane

CROSSREACTIVE ANTIBODIES AND MEMORY T CELLS TO HUMAN AND ZOONOTIC INFLUENZA A VIRUSES IN VOLUNTEERS

There exists a real hazard of transferring zoonotic influenza A viruses, either swine, or avian, into human population. In such case, severity of such pandemics depends on the pathogen-specific immunity in the population. Virtual absence of such immunity in humans was declared in the literature. In this work, we assessed systemic, local, and T-cell immunity to potentially pandemic H3N2sw, H5N1, H5N2, H7N3, H7N9 and H2N2 influenza A viruses in a group of healthy adults of different age. Our results indicate that these subjects develop the following immune reactions: (i) local (i.e., nasal IgA) and cellular (CD4+ and CD8v memory T cells) heterosubtypic immunity, in absence of detectable virus-specific serum antibodies to avian influenza A viruses; (ii) Local immune responses (as nasal IgA) to human A (H2N2) virus which circulated in 1957-1968 were detected both in subjects who could be primed at that time, but also in subjects born after 1968; (iii) full-scale systemic and local immunity to potentially pandemic А (H3N2sw) swine virus was found in the group. Conclusion. In order of proper epidemiological forecasts and planning appropriate preventive measures for potentially pandemic Influenza A viruses, a regular monitoring of collective immunity should be performed using different adaptive markers. In this respect, any conclusion based on molecular analysis only could lead to considerable mistakes, and should be accomplished by the mentioned immunological studies

Elevated urine BMP phospholipids in LRRK2 and VPS35 mutation carriers with and without Parkinson's disease

Participant demographic and clinical characteristics, and urine BMP phospholipid levels. For each participant, sample collection site is provided as: BCN (Barcelona), VIE (Vienna), DND (Dundee), or SSB (San Sebastian). Also provided are age at study participation, age at PD diagnosis (where applicable), sex (M, for male, and F, for female), experimental group (control, iPD –idiopathic PD –, LRRK2 G2019S, LRRK2 R1441G/C, VPS35 D620N, GBA, or other), and PD status (NMC for non-manifesting mutation carriers, or PD). Values for all measured BMP species presented as ng of BMP per mg of creatinine are provided. Additionally, urine creatinine (mg/ml) and non-normalized BMP levels are provided. BQL designates BMP levels that were below quantification level and NM designates values that were not measured for a particular individual

Factors of sufi ideology influence on the formation of the tatar hand-written book traditions

© The authors. The timeliness of the research is determined by the following: in the contemporary world scholars studying the national traditional cultures and awareness of the importance of the book art in its historical development are some of the basic conditions for solving the problems of not only preservation of spiritual and material culture monuments, but the study of the cultures genesis, identification of opportunities for their further development. The paper aims to evince the importance and influence of Sufi ideology on the formation of book art traditions. The study of the problem is based on the classical methods of different sciences: history, culturology, art studies, which help to create a holistic picture of the development of the book art in the Tatar culture. The paper reveals the peculiarities of the development of Tatar hand-written book art, including the following factors brought by Sufism ideology: the absence of any graphic elements, key role of symbols of the universe model, the symbols of color and compositional text distribution on the page. Results and study findings can be used during the preparation of special courses and programs "History of culture and religion", "Cult of the peoples of Tatarstan", "History of World Culture"

Factors of sufi ideology influence on the formation of the tatar hand-written book traditions

© The authors. The timeliness of the research is determined by the following: in the contemporary world scholars studying the national traditional cultures and awareness of the importance of the book art in its historical development are some of the basic conditions for solving the problems of not only preservation of spiritual and material culture monuments, but the study of the cultures genesis, identification of opportunities for their further development. The paper aims to evince the importance and influence of Sufi ideology on the formation of book art traditions. The study of the problem is based on the classical methods of different sciences: history, culturology, art studies, which help to create a holistic picture of the development of the book art in the Tatar culture. The paper reveals the peculiarities of the development of Tatar hand-written book art, including the following factors brought by Sufism ideology: the absence of any graphic elements, key role of symbols of the universe model, the symbols of color and compositional text distribution on the page. Results and study findings can be used during the preparation of special courses and programs "History of culture and religion", "Cult of the peoples of Tatarstan", "History of World Culture"

Factors of sufi ideology influence on the formation of the tatar hand-written book traditions

© The authors. The timeliness of the research is determined by the following: in the contemporary world scholars studying the national traditional cultures and awareness of the importance of the book art in its historical development are some of the basic conditions for solving the problems of not only preservation of spiritual and material culture monuments, but the study of the cultures genesis, identification of opportunities for their further development. The paper aims to evince the importance and influence of Sufi ideology on the formation of book art traditions. The study of the problem is based on the classical methods of different sciences: history, culturology, art studies, which help to create a holistic picture of the development of the book art in the Tatar culture. The paper reveals the peculiarities of the development of Tatar hand-written book art, including the following factors brought by Sufism ideology: the absence of any graphic elements, key role of symbols of the universe model, the symbols of color and compositional text distribution on the page. Results and study findings can be used during the preparation of special courses and programs "History of culture and religion", "Cult of the peoples of Tatarstan", "History of World Culture"

Effect of salt on the lamellar L-alpha-to-MLV transformation in SDS/octanol/water under microfluidic flow

We investigate the effect of added (NaCl) salt and varying flow rate on the phase behaviour and flow response of a model surfactant Lα phase, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)/octanol/water, using small angle neutron scattering (SANS) and polarised optical microscopy in microfluidics, supported by NMR, viscosity, conductivity and zeta potential measurements. A long (∼3 m) tubular microchannel device is employed to quantify the spatiotemporal structural evolution of the system towards multilamellar vesicles (MLV). The effect of salt is rationalised in terms of changes in membrane bending rigidity and phase stability. It is shown that ∼1.8 w/w% NaCl addition results in MLV formation within the shortest time (or equivalent lengthscale) and yields near-centrosymmetric scattering profiles characteristic of MLVs (at a reference 1 mL h−1 flow rate and ≃90 s−1 shear rate). Further salt addition yields biphasic systems that remain strongly aligned under flow, while lower salt content also increases scattering anisotropy, accompanied by higher membrane rigidity and solution viscosity. Increasing flow rate causes greater initial Lα alignment, and thus flow anisotropy, but also faster evolution towards isotropy and MLV formation

AVIDITY EVALUATION OF LOCAL IgA ANTIBODIES IN PERSONS IMMUNIZED WITH LIVE INFLUENZA VACCINE

Abstract. At present, immunogenicity evaluation of influenza vaccines is performed by quantitative assessment of increased serum antibodies. It was, however, shown that the degree of human defense against influenza is mostly related to their qualitative characteristics, i.e., avidity (functional activity). Leading role of local immunity is demonstrated in protection against influenza. Such immunity is mediated by IgA antibodies from mucosal airways. Meanwhile, the avidity issues for local antibodies still remain open.In present study, an attempt was undertaken to evaluate post-vaccination local immunological memory for influenza A virus, according to IgA antibodies from upper respiratory secretions. Two techniques were used to evaluate antibody avidity, that were previously applied for studying this phenomenon with serum imunoglobulins, i.e., a dynamic test (measurement of antigen-antibody reaction rates), and a test with urea, a chaotropic agent (avidity is determined as a strength of antigen-antibody complex). A total of 202 persons (18 to 20 years old) were enrolled into the study.With both tests, a broad range of individual avidity values was observed for the antibodies. A significant cohort (up to 30 per cent) of persons immunized with live influenza vaccine, showed sharply increased avidity of secretory IgA antibodies by both methods, along with accumulation of these immunoglobulins after vaccination. A reverse relationship is revealed between avidity levels of these antibodies before vaccination, and increase of this parameter post-immunization. The data present convincing arguments for specific renewal of local humoral immunological memory, as induced by live influenza vaccine. The study substantiates a necessity for application of the both tests in parallel, when determining avidity of secretory IgA antibodies. (Med. Immunol., vol. 10, N 4-5, pp 423-430)