524 research outputs found
Nitrogen and Phosphorus Accumulation in Pasture Soil from Repeated Poultry Litter Application
Poultry litter (PL) is a traditionally inexpensive and effective fertilizer to improve soil quality and agricultural productivity. However, over application to soil has raised concern because excess nutrients in runoff could accelerate the eutrophication of fresh water. In this work, we determined the contents of total phosphorus (P), Mehlich 3 extracted P, total nitrogen (N), ammonium (NH4)-N, and nitrate (NO3)-N, in pasture soils receiving annual poultry litter applications of 0, 2.27, 2.27, 3.63, and 1.36 Mg/ha/ yr, respectively, for 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 years. Samples were collected from three soil depths (0–20, 20–40, and 40–60 cm) of the Hartsells series (fine-loamy, siliceous, subactive, thermic, Typic Hapludults) on a 3–8% slope in the Sand Mountain region of north Alabama. PL application increased levels of total P, Mehlich-3 extractable P, and total N significantly. However, the change in NH4-N and NO3-N contents by the PL application was not statistically significant. Correlation analysis indicated that the contents of total P, Mehlich 3 extracted P, and total N were more related to cumulative amounts of poultry litter applied than the years of application or annual application rates alone. This observation suggested that N and P from poultry litter accumulated in soil. Predicting the build-up based on the cumulative amounts of PL application, rather than isolated factors (i.e., application year or rate), would improve the accuracy of evaluating long-term impacts of poultry litter application on soil nutrient levels
In Vitro Regeneration of \u3ci\u3eRudbeckia hirta\u3c/i\u3e ‘Plainview Farm’ from Leaf Tissue
Rudbeckia hirta ‘Plainview Farm’, a new multiple-layered ray flowered cultivar, shows potential for potted plant production. After years of seed germination, this specific flower morphological trait was still unstable from generation to generation. To maintain its unique features, leaf sections (0.25 cm2 ) were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with either BA (0.5, 1.0, or 2.0 mg·L1 ), KIN (2.5, 5, or 10 mg·L-1 ), or ZT (0.5, 1.0, or 2.0 mg·L-1 )toinduce callus and microshoots. After cultivation for 33 days, all cytokinin treatments significantly induced callus and the callus size were 1.5- to-2.4-fold bigger than those withoutcytokinin. KIN at 2.5 mg·L-1 was the best treatment for callus induction and microshoot formation. Four microshoots per explant wereproduced at KIN of 2.5 mg·L-1 . For rooting, all induced microshoots were cultured on MS medium at its one-quarter strength containing either IBA or NAA at 0.5, 1.5, or 3.0 mg·L-1 . All microshoots formed roots at 0.5 or 1.5 mg·L-1 IBA, or 0.5 mg·L-1 NAA. There were no significant differences in number of roots per shoot and length of roots among treatments. The plantlets were transplanted, acclimated in a mist system, and grown in a greenhouse. A total of 96.4% of the plants derived from tissue culture had multiple layers of ray flowers, while only 9.6% of the plants from seed propagation did. Therefore, in vitro regeneration of R. hirta ‘Plainview Farm’ was a feasible way to rapidly produce uniform plants with multiple layers of ray flowers
Tree Structure-Aware Few-Shot Image Classification via Hierarchical Aggregation
In this paper, we mainly focus on the problem of how to learn additional
feature representations for few-shot image classification through pretext tasks
(e.g., rotation or color permutation and so on). This additional knowledge
generated by pretext tasks can further improve the performance of few-shot
learning (FSL) as it differs from human-annotated supervision (i.e., class
labels of FSL tasks). To solve this problem, we present a plug-in Hierarchical
Tree Structure-aware (HTS) method, which not only learns the relationship of
FSL and pretext tasks, but more importantly, can adaptively select and
aggregate feature representations generated by pretext tasks to maximize the
performance of FSL tasks. A hierarchical tree constructing component and a
gated selection aggregating component is introduced to construct the tree
structure and find richer transferable knowledge that can rapidly adapt to
novel classes with a few labeled images. Extensive experiments show that our
HTS can significantly enhance multiple few-shot methods to achieve new
state-of-the-art performance on four benchmark datasets. The code is available
at: https://github.com/remiMZ/HTS-ECCV22.Comment: 22 pages, 9 figures and 4 tables Accepted by ECCV 202
Attributes-Guided and Pure-Visual Attention Alignment for Few-Shot Recognition
The purpose of few-shot recognition is to recognize novel categories with a
limited number of labeled examples in each class. To encourage learning from a
supplementary view, recent approaches have introduced auxiliary semantic
modalities into effective metric-learning frameworks that aim to learn a
feature similarity between training samples (support set) and test samples
(query set). However, these approaches only augment the representations of
samples with available semantics while ignoring the query set, which loses the
potential for the improvement and may lead to a shift between the modalities
combination and the pure-visual representation. In this paper, we devise an
attributes-guided attention module (AGAM) to utilize human-annotated attributes
and learn more discriminative features. This plug-and-play module enables
visual contents and corresponding attributes to collectively focus on important
channels and regions for the support set. And the feature selection is also
achieved for query set with only visual information while the attributes are
not available. Therefore, representations from both sets are improved in a
fine-grained manner. Moreover, an attention alignment mechanism is proposed to
distill knowledge from the guidance of attributes to the pure-visual branch for
samples without attributes. Extensive experiments and analysis show that our
proposed module can significantly improve simple metric-based approaches to
achieve state-of-the-art performance on different datasets and settings.Comment: An expanded version of the same-name paper accepted by AAAI-202
A Fine-Grained Image Description Generation Method Based on Joint Objectives
The goal of fine-grained image description generation techniques is to learn
detailed information from images and simulate human-like descriptions that
provide coherent and comprehensive textual details about the image content.
Currently, most of these methods face two main challenges: description
repetition and omission. Moreover, the existing evaluation metrics cannot
clearly reflect the performance of models on these two issues. To address these
challenges, we propose an innovative Fine-grained Image Description Generation
model based on Joint Objectives. Furthermore, we introduce new object-based
evaluation metrics to more intuitively assess the model's performance in
handling description repetition and omission. This novel approach combines
visual features at both the image level and object level to maximize their
advantages and incorporates an object penalty mechanism to reduce description
repetition. Experimental results demonstrate that our proposed method
significantly improves the CIDEr evaluation metric, indicating its excellent
performance in addressing description repetition and omission issues
Data Fusion of Electronic Nose and Electronic Tongue for Detection of Mixed Edible-Oil
For the problem of the waste of the edible-oil in the food processing, on the premise of food security, they often need to add new edible-oil to the old frying oil which had been used in food processing to control the cost of the production. Due to the fact that the different additive proportion of the oil has different material and different volatile gases, we use fusion technology based on the electronic nose and electronic tongue to detect the blending ratio of the old frying oil and the new edible-oil in this paper. Principal component analysis (PCA) is used to distinguish the different proportion of the old frying oil and new edible-oil; on the other hand we use partial least squares (PLS) to predict the blending ratio of the old frying oil and new edible-oil. Two conclusions were proposed: data fusion of electronic nose and electronic tongue can be used to detect the blending ratio of the old frying oil and new edible-oil; in contrast to single used electronic nose or single used electronic tongue, the detection effect has increased by using data fusion of electronic nose and electronic tongue
- …