Be human-like or AI-like: Investigating the impact of the anthropomorphism and decision valence on organizational justice and attractiveness in the AI-recruitment

The advancement of technology has led to the diffusion of AI, extending beyond individuals to the organizational level. Among all, AI recruitment is increasing organizations\u27 interest in its adoption to enhance operational efficiency, shape an attractive corporate image, and elevate the recruitment experience. However, despite the increasing importance of AI recruitment, most of the previous research is conducted in the context of AI versus Human or AI-human collaboration and there is a lack of research examining how the applicant’s perceptions of organizational justice and attractiveness are formed by the AI recruiter’s human-likeness and situational context. To address this research gap, this study aims to investigate the impact of AI Anthropomorphism on procedural justice, interactional justice, and organizational attractiveness based on the positive/negative outcome in an AI Recruitment setting. This study conducted a scenario-based between-subject experiment involving a 2(Human-like/Machine-like)X2(Positive/Negative) design. An independent sample T-test and ANOVA were conducted to test the hypotheses. The results revealed that people prefer Human-like AI recruiters to machine-like ones in all measured variables. Considering the recruitment’s valence, there were significant differences in perceived interactional Justice and organizational attractiveness only in the negative decision-making situations. However, procedural justice did not differ based on the level of AI anthropomorphism. It showed an outcome bias, which shows that regardless of the AI recruiter’s type, applicants tend to perceive higher procedural justice in positive rather than negative situations. This research offers insights for developers of AI Recruitment solutions and organizations considering the adoption of AI Recruitments, helping them explore optimal strategies for utilizing AI Recruitment system effectivel

Robot umpire vs. human umpire: The spectators’ perception of algorithm errors in baseball games

Advancements in technology have allowed for robot umpires in baseball, replacing human umpires to minimize errors in judgment: strike/ ball decision. Yet, when watching games with robot umpires in pilot operations, there are some instances where the robot umpire also commits erroneous calls. Hence, this study would conduct a scenario-based online experiment to investigate how spectators perceive robot umpires in baseball games depending on the subject of error (robot umpire vs. human umpire). The experimental results would indicate that people demonstrate a lower degree of trust, attitude, and call credibility on robot umpires. Furthermore, the effects of robot umpires would be moderated by the familiarity of the robot umpire and by the phase of error (early vs. late in the game). These findings would contribute to the understanding of the spectator’s perception of new technologies replacing humans and have practical implications for sports industry practitioners

TMO: Textured Mesh Acquisition of Objects with a Mobile Device by using Differentiable Rendering

We present a new pipeline for acquiring a textured mesh in the wild with a single smartphone which offers access to images, depth maps, and valid poses. Our method first introduces an RGBD-aided structure from motion, which can yield filtered depth maps and refines camera poses guided by corresponding depth. Then, we adopt the neural implicit surface reconstruction method, which allows for high-quality mesh and develops a new training process for applying a regularization provided by classical multi-view stereo methods. Moreover, we apply a differentiable rendering to fine-tune incomplete texture maps and generate textures which are perceptually closer to the original scene. Our pipeline can be applied to any common objects in the real world without the need for either in-the-lab environments or accurate mask images. We demonstrate results of captured objects with complex shapes and validate our method numerically against existing 3D reconstruction and texture mapping methods.Comment: Accepted to CVPR23. Project Page: https://jh-choi.github.io/TMO

Hyperchloremia is associated with poor renal outcome after coronary artery bypass grafting

Background Hyperchloremia is associated with the risks of several morbidities and mortality. However, its relationship with acute kidney injury (AKI) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) remains unresolved. Methods A total of 2977 patients undergoing CABG between 2003 and 2015 were retrospectively reviewed from two tertiary hospitals. Patients were categorized by serum chloride levels into normochloremia (95–105 mmol/L), mild hyperchloremia (106–110 mmol/L), and severe hyperchloremia (> 110 mmol/L). The odds ratios (ORs) for AKI and hazard ratios (HRs) for ESRD were calculated after adjustment for multiple covariates. The death-adjusted risk of ESRD was additionally evaluated. Results Postoperative AKI occurred in 798 patients (26.5%). The hyperchloremia group had a higher risk of AKI than the normochloremia group, wherein the risk was incremental depending on the severity of hyperchloremia, as follows: ORs were 1.26 (1.06–1.51) and 1.95 (1.52–2.51) in the mild and severe hyperchloremia groups, respectively. During a median period of 7 years (maximum 15 years), 70 patients (2.3%) had ESRD. The severe hyperchloremia group was at an elevated risk of ESRD compared with the normochloremia group, with an HR of 2.43 (1.28–4.63). Even after adjusting for the competing risk of death, hyperchloremia was associated with the risk of ESRD. Conclusions Preoperative hyperchloremia is associated with poor renal outcomes such as AKI and ESRD after CABG. Accordingly, serum chloride should be monitored in patients undergoing CABG.This research was supported by grant No. 2019R1A2C1085411 from the National Research Foundation

Distinct patterns of Internet and smartphone-related problems among adolescents by gender: Latent class analysis

Background and objectives The ubiquitous Internet connections by smartphones weakened the traditional boundaries between computers and mobile phones. We sought to explore whether smartphone-related problems differ from those of computer use according to gender using latent class analysis (LCA). Methods After informed consents, 555 Korean middle-school students completed surveys on gaming, Internet use, and smartphone usage patterns. They also completed various psychosocial instruments. LCA was performed for the whole group and by gender. In addition to ANOVA and χ2 tests, post-hoc tests were conducted to examine differences among the LCA subgroups. Results In the whole group (n = 555), four subtypes were identified: dual-problem users (49.5%), problematic Internet users (7.7%), problematic smartphone users (32.1%), and “healthy” users (10.6%). Dual-problem users scored highest for addictive behaviors and other psychopathologies. The gender-stratified LCA revealed three subtypes for each gender. With dual-problem and healthy subgroup as common, problematic Internet subgroup was classified in the males, whereas problematic smartphone subgroup was classified in the females in the gender-stratified LCA. Thus, distinct patterns were observed according to gender with higher proportion of dual-problem present in males. While gaming was associated with problematic Internet use in males, aggression and impulsivity demonstrated associations with problematic smartphone use in females. Conclusions An increase in the number of digital media-related problems was associated with worse outcomes in various psychosocial scales. Gaming may play a crucial role in males solely displaying Internet-related problems. The heightened impulsivity and aggression seen in our female problematic smartphone users requires further research

Clinical application of the Panbio™ COVID-19 Ag rapid test device and SSf-COVID19 kit for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 infection

Objective We evaluated the sensitivity and specificity of the Panbio™ COVID-19 Ag rapid test device using nasal swabs and those of the SSf-COVID19 kit, one of RT-PCR tests, using saliva specimens. These tests were compared with RT-PCR tests using nasopharyngeal swabs for the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection. The three diagnostic tests were simultaneously conducted for patients aged ≥ 18 years, who were about to be hospitalized or had been admitted for COVID-19 confirmed by RT-PCR in two research hospitals from August 20 to October 29, 2021. Nasal swabs were tested using the Panbio™ COVID-19 Ag rapid test device. More than 1 mL of saliva was self-collected and tested using the SSf-COVID19 kit. Results In total, 157 patients were investigated; 124 patients who were about to be hospitalized and 33 patients already admitted for COVID-19. The overall sensitivity and specificity of the Panbio™ COVID-19 Ag rapid test device with nasal swabs were 64.7% (95% confidence interval [CI] 47.9–78.5%) and 100.0% (95% CI 97.0–100.0%), respectively. The median time to confirm a positive result was 180 s (interquartile range 60–255 s). The overall sensitivity and specificity of the SSf-COVID19 kit with saliva specimens were 94.1% (95% CI 80.9–98.4%) and 100.0% (95% CI 97.0–100.0%), respectively.This work was supported by a grant from research fund of Seoul National University Hospital (Grant No. 2021–3148

Als wär’ es ein Stuck von uns . . . German Politics and Society Traverses Twenty Years of United Germany

This essay looks at postunification Germany through the pages of German Politics and Society. The articles published during this period reveal the evolution of intellectuals' understanding of the unified country—concerns that mirrored changes in social, political, and cultural reality. Of course, academics are beholden to their own histories and Weltanschauung, a fact that produced, at times, prescient, sometimes fragmentary, and sometimes alarmist interpretations and analyses of the country in an attempt to provide orientation. Nevertheless, this review shows how German watchers have slowly up-dated their paradigms and are now not worrying as much about a mellowed, less German country that has fascinated them over the decades.Histor