MIM-GAN-based Anomaly Detection for Multivariate Time Series Data

The loss function of Generative adversarial network(GAN) is an important factor that affects the quality and diversity of the generated samples for anomaly detection. In this paper, we propose an unsupervised multiple time series anomaly detection algorithm based on the GAN with message importance measure(MIM-GAN). In particular, the time series data is divided into subsequences using a sliding window. Then a generator and a discriminator designed based on the Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) are employed to capture the temporal correlations of the time series data. To avoid the local optimal solution of loss function and the model collapse, we introduce an exponential information measure into the loss function of GAN. Additionally, a discriminant reconstruction score consisting on discrimination and reconstruction loss is taken into account. The global optimal solution for the loss function is derived and the model collapse is proved to be avoided in our proposed MIM-GAN-based anomaly detection algorithm. Experimental results show that the proposed MIM-GAN-based anomaly detection algorithm has superior performance in terms of precision, recall, and F1 score.Comment: 7 pages,6 figure

Genetic Association of Olanzapine Treatment Response in Han Chinese Schizophrenia Patients

Olanzapine, a second-generation antipsychotic medication, plays a critical role in current treatment of schizophrenia (SCZ). It has been observed that the olanzapine responses in schizophrenia treatment are different across individuals. However, prediction of this individual-specific olanzapine response requires in-depth knowledge of biomarkers of drug response. Here, we performed an integrative investigation on 238 Han Chinese SCZ patients to identify predictive biomarkers that were associated with the efficacy of olanzapine treatment. This study applied HaloPlex technology to sequence 143 genes from 79 Han Chinese SCZ patients. Our result suggested that there were 12 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) had significant association with olanzapine response in Han Chinese SCZ patients. Using MassARRAY platform, we tested that if these 12 SNPs were also statistically significant in 159 other SCZ patients (independent cohort) and the combined 238 SCZ patients (composed of two tested cohorts). The result of this analysis showed that 2 SNPs were significantly associated with the olanzapine response in both independent cohorts (rs324026, P = 0.023; rs12610827, P = 0.043) and combined SCZ patient population (rs324026, adjust P = 0.014; rs12610827, adjust P = 0.012). Our study provides systematic analyses of genetic variants associated with olanzapine responses of Han Chinese SCZ patients. The discovery of these novel biomarkers of olanzapine-response will facilitate to advance future olanzapine treatment specific for Han Chinese SCZ patients

Ultrasound-Induced Escherichia coli O157:H7 Cell Death Exhibits Physical Disruption and Biochemical Apoptosis

Ultrasound has attracted great interest of both industry and scientific communities for its potential use as a physical processing and preservation tool. In this study, Escherichia coli O157:H7 was selected as the model microbe to investigate the ultrasound-induced cell death. Slight variations in membrane potential and ion exchanges across membrane induced by low-intensity ultrasound increased the membrane permeability of E. coli O157:H7, and this reversible sublethal effect can preserve the viability of E. coli O157:H7 and meanwhile be beneficial for bioprocessing application. In comparison, high-intensity ultrasound resulted in irreversible lethal effect on E. coli O157:H7, which can be applied in the field of microbial inactivation. In addition, both low- and high-intensity ultrasound induced either physical destruction or trigger genetically encoded apoptosis of E. coli O157:H7. Accumulation of reactive oxygen species and decrease of adenosine tri-phosphate might be related to the physiological and biochemical hallmarks of apoptosis, including exposed phosphatidylserine and activated caspases in E. coli O157:H7. The result provides novel insight into the mechanisms of non-thermal physical treatment on the inactivation of bacteria and lays foundation for the further research on the cell signaling and metabolic pathway in apoptotic bacteria

Unraveling Controversies Over Civic Honesty Measurement: An Extended Field Replication in China

Cohn et al. (2019) conducted a wallet drop experiment in 40 countries to measure civic honesty around the globe, which has received worldwide attention but also sparked controversies over using the email response rate as the sole metric of civic honesty. Relying on the lone measurement may overlook cultural differences in behaviors that demonstrate civic honesty. To investigate this issue, we conducted an extended replication study in China, utilizing email response and wallet recovery to assess civic honesty. We found a significantly higher level of civic honesty in China, as measured by the wallet recovery rate, than reported in the original study, while email response rates remained similar. To resolve the divergent results, we introduce a cultural dimension, individualism versus collectivism, to study civic honesty across diverse cultures. We hypothesize that cultural differences in individualism and collectivism could influence how individuals prioritize actions when handling a lost wallet, such as contacting the wallet owner or safeguarding the wallet. In reanalyzing Cohn et al.\u27s data, we found that email response rates were inversely related to collectivism indices at the country level. However, our replication study in China demonstrated that the likelihood of wallet recovery was positively correlated with collectivism indicators at the provincial level. Consequently, relying solely on email response rates to gauge civic honesty in cross-country comparisons may neglect the vital individualism versus collectivism dimension. Our study not only helps reconcile the controversy surrounding Cohn et al.\u27s influential field experiment but also furnishes a fresh cultural perspective to evaluate civic honesty

The CHEMDNER corpus of chemicals and drugs and its annotation principles

The automatic extraction of chemical information from text requires the recognition of chemical entity mentions as one of its key steps. When developing supervised named entity recognition (NER) systems, the availability of a large, manually annotated text corpus is desirable. Furthermore, large corpora permit the robust evaluation and comparison of different approaches that detect chemicals in documents. We present the CHEMDNER corpus, a collection of 10,000 PubMed abstracts that contain a total of 84,355 chemical entity mentions labeled manually by expert chemistry literature curators, following annotation guidelines specifically defined for this task. The abstracts of the CHEMDNER corpus were selected to be representative for all major chemical disciplines. Each of the chemical entity mentions was manually labeled according to its structure-associated chemical entity mention (SACEM) class: abbreviation, family, formula, identifier, multiple, systematic and trivial. The difficulty and consistency of tagging chemicals in text was measured using an agreement study between annotators, obtaining a percentage agreement of 91. For a subset of the CHEMDNER corpus (the test set of 3,000 abstracts) we provide not only the Gold Standard manual annotations, but also mentions automatically detected by the 26 teams that participated in the BioCreative IV CHEMDNER chemical mention recognition task. In addition, we release the CHEMDNER silver standard corpus of automatically extracted mentions from 17,000 randomly selected PubMed abstracts. A version of the CHEMDNER corpus in the BioC format has been generated as well. We propose a standard for required minimum information about entity annotations for the construction of domain specific corpora on chemical and drug entities. The CHEMDNER corpus and annotation guidelines are available at: http://www.biocreative.org/resources/biocreative-iv/chemdner-corpus

Crack the Cross-border Network Governance Path of Disruptive Technology Innovation

 Disruptive technology innovation is a process in which technologies, products or services are initially inferior than those provided by incumbents in the attributes that mainstream consumers value, but they can attract and satisfy the consumers in low-end or new markets with advantages in performance attributes (such as being cheap, simple, or convenient) that these consumers value but which at the same time are neglected by mainstream markets. At the same time, this paradigm can be applied on higher levels (i.e. by international business corporations or/and governments for political and economic decision-making processes). In order to make the research on disruptive innovation more comprehensive, we built up a multilevel theoretical framework of influence factors for disruptive innovation, and we proposed the level of analysis of disruptive innovation into five levels. In this paper, we propose a case study for evaluating governance models based on the cross-border region (CBR) among three countries. The results show that CBI and CBC have shaped opportunities for environmental governance and for governance models in other sectors. The CBGS framework can be used for measuring and evaluating the CBG according to the evaluation criteria and elaborate some recommendations. This framework could contribute to further systematic analyses and research of disruptive innovations in the future and can provide reference for policy-makers to successfully predict disruptive innovation