53,611 research outputs found

    On intertwining operators and finite automorphism groups of vertex operator algebras

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    Let V be a simple vertex operator algebra and G a finite automorphism group. We give a construction of intertwining operators for irreducible V^G-modules which occur as submodules of irreducible V-modules by using intertwining operators for V. We also determine some fusion rules for a vertex operator algebra as an application.Comment: 26 page

    Fast Rise of "Neptune-Size" Planets (48REarth4-8 R_{\rm Earth}) from P10P\sim10 to 250\sim250 days -- Statistics of Kepler Planet Candidates Up to 0.75AU\sim 0.75 {\rm AU}

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    We infer the period (PP) and size (RpR_p) distribution of Kepler transiting planet candidates with Rp1REarthR_p\ge 1 R_{\rm Earth} and P<250P < 250 days hosted by solar-type stars. The planet detection efficiency is computed by using measured noise and the observed timespans of the light curves for 120,000\sim 120,000 Kepler target stars. We focus on deriving the shape of planet period and radius distribution functions. We find that for orbital period P>10P>10 days, the planet frequency dNpN_p/dlog\logP for "Neptune-size" planets (Rp=48REarthR_p = 4-8 R_{\rm Earth}) increases with period as P0.7±0.1\propto P^{0.7\pm0.1}. In contrast, dNpN_p/dlog\logP for "super-Earth-size" (24REarth2-4 R_{\rm Earth}) as well as "Earth-size" (12REarth1-2 R_{\rm Earth}) planets are consistent with a nearly flat distribution as a function of period (P0.11±0.05\propto P^{0.11\pm0.05} and P0.10±0.12\propto P^{-0.10\pm0.12}, respectively), and the normalizations are remarkably similar (within a factor of 1.5\sim 1.5 at 5050 days). Planet size distribution evolves with period, and generally the relative fractions for big planets (310REarth\sim 3-10 R_{\rm Earth}) increase with period. The shape of the distribution function is not sensitive to changes in selection criteria of the sample. The implied nearly flat or rising planet frequency at long period appears to be in tension with the sharp decline at 100\sim 100 days in planet frequency for low mass planets (planet mass mp<30MEarthm_p < 30 M_{\rm Earth}) recently suggested by HARPS survey. Within 250250 days, the cumulative frequencies for Earth-size and super-Earth-size planets are remarkably similar (28\sim 28 % and 2525%), while Neptune-size and Jupiter-size planets are 7\sim 7%, and 3\sim 3%, respectively. A major potential uncertainty arises from the unphysical impact parameter distribution of the candidates.Comment: Accepted by Ap

    Effective tuning of exciton polarization splitting in coupled quantum dots

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    The polarization splitting of the exciton ground state in two laterally coupled quantum dots under an in-plane electric field is investigated and its effective tuning is designed. It is found that there are significant Stark effect and anticrossing in energy levels. Due to coupling between inter- and intra-dot states, the absolute value of polarization splitting is significantly reduced, and it could be tuned to zero by the electric field for proper inter-dot separations. Our scheme is interesting for the research on the quantum dots-based entangled-photon source.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figures, to appear in Appl. Phys. Let
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