351 research outputs found
Effect of losartan potassium tablets combined with Bailing capsules on rats with chronic kidney disease
Purpose: To study the combined therapeutic effect of losartan potassium tablets and Bailing capsules in rats with chronic kidney disease (CKD) via PI3K/Akt/NF-κB pathway.
Methods: Sixty Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were randomized into blank (BG), model (MG) and study groups (OG), with 20 rats in each group. The CKD model was established in MG and OG through oral gavage of adenine. The OG was administered losartan potassium tablets combined with Bailing capsules, while BG and MG were administered saline. After 6 weeks of continuous administration, BUN, Scr, UAlb, TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 were assessed. Protein expression and changes in the mRNA of PI3K, Akt and NF-κB were determined.
Results: The BUN, Scr and UAlb, as well as IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α levels were highest in MG, followed by OG, and lowest in BG (p < 0.05). PI3K and Akt proteins were lowest in MG, followed by OG, and highest in BG, whereas NF-κB protein was highest in MG, followed by OG, and lowest in BG (p < 0.05). PI3K mRNA and Akt mRNA levels were lowest in MG, followed by OG, and highest in BG, while NF-κB mRNA was highest in MG, followed by OG, and lowest in BG (p < 0.05).
Conclusion: The combination of losartan potassium tablets and Bailing capsules are effective in treating CKD in rats, and improves the renal function of rats. Thse effects may be related to the down-regulation of PI3K/Akt/NF-κB signaling pathway
Influence of Composition Ratio of Herbage and Shrub on Roadside Vegetation Characteristics along Bi‐Tong Highway
The machine abnormal degree detection method based on SVDD and negative selection mechanism
As is well-known, fault samples are essential for the fault diagnosis and anomaly detection, but in most cases, it is difficult to obtain them. The negative selection mechanism of immune system, which can distinguish almost all nonself cells or molecules with only the self cells, gives us an inspiration to solve the problem of anomaly detection with only the normal samples. In this paper, we introduced the Support Vector Data Description (SVDD) and negative selection mechanism to separate the state space of machines into self, non-self and fault space. To estimate the abnormal level of machines, a function that could calculate the abnormal degree was constructed and its sensitivity change according to the change of abnormal degree was also discussed. At last, Iris-Fisher and ball bearing fault data set were used to verify the effectiveness of this method
Less is More: Focus Attention for Efficient DETR
DETR-like models have significantly boosted the performance of detectors and
even outperformed classical convolutional models. However, all tokens are
treated equally without discrimination brings a redundant computational burden
in the traditional encoder structure. The recent sparsification strategies
exploit a subset of informative tokens to reduce attention complexity
maintaining performance through the sparse encoder. But these methods tend to
rely on unreliable model statistics. Moreover, simply reducing the token
population hinders the detection performance to a large extent, limiting the
application of these sparse models. We propose Focus-DETR, which focuses
attention on more informative tokens for a better trade-off between computation
efficiency and model accuracy. Specifically, we reconstruct the encoder with
dual attention, which includes a token scoring mechanism that considers both
localization and category semantic information of the objects from multi-scale
feature maps. We efficiently abandon the background queries and enhance the
semantic interaction of the fine-grained object queries based on the scores.
Compared with the state-of-the-art sparse DETR-like detectors under the same
setting, our Focus-DETR gets comparable complexity while achieving 50.4AP
(+2.2) on COCO. The code is available at
https://github.com/huawei-noah/noah-research/tree/master/Focus-DETR and
https://gitee.com/mindspore/models/tree/master/research/cv/Focus-DETR.Comment: 8 pages, 6 figures, accepted to ICCV202
Scale-aware Test-time Click Adaptation for Pulmonary Nodule and Mass Segmentation
Pulmonary nodules and masses are crucial imaging features in lung cancer
screening that require careful management in clinical diagnosis. Despite the
success of deep learning-based medical image segmentation, the robust
performance on various sizes of lesions of nodule and mass is still
challenging. In this paper, we propose a multi-scale neural network with
scale-aware test-time adaptation to address this challenge. Specifically, we
introduce an adaptive Scale-aware Test-time Click Adaptation method based on
effortlessly obtainable lesion clicks as test-time cues to enhance segmentation
performance, particularly for large lesions. The proposed method can be
seamlessly integrated into existing networks. Extensive experiments on both
open-source and in-house datasets consistently demonstrate the effectiveness of
the proposed method over some CNN and Transformer-based segmentation methods.
Our code is available at https://github.com/SplinterLi/SaTTCAComment: 11 pages, 3 figures, MICCAI 202
Kosmos-2: Grounding Multimodal Large Language Models to the World
We introduce Kosmos-2, a Multimodal Large Language Model (MLLM), enabling new
capabilities of perceiving object descriptions (e.g., bounding boxes) and
grounding text to the visual world. Specifically, we represent refer
expressions as links in Markdown, i.e., ``[text span](bounding boxes)'', where
object descriptions are sequences of location tokens. Together with multimodal
corpora, we construct large-scale data of grounded image-text pairs (called
GrIT) to train the model. In addition to the existing capabilities of MLLMs
(e.g., perceiving general modalities, following instructions, and performing
in-context learning), Kosmos-2 integrates the grounding capability into
downstream applications. We evaluate Kosmos-2 on a wide range of tasks,
including (i) multimodal grounding, such as referring expression comprehension,
and phrase grounding, (ii) multimodal referring, such as referring expression
generation, (iii) perception-language tasks, and (iv) language understanding
and generation. This work lays out the foundation for the development of
Embodiment AI and sheds light on the big convergence of language, multimodal
perception, action, and world modeling, which is a key step toward artificial
general intelligence. Data, demo, and pretrained models are available at
https://aka.ms/kosmos-2.Comment: 20 page
AlphaCrystal: Contact map based crystal structure prediction using deep learning
Crystal structure prediction is one of the major unsolved problems in
materials science. Traditionally, this problem is formulated as a global
optimization problem for which global search algorithms are combined with first
principle free energy calculations to predict the ground-state crystal
structure given only a material composition or a chemical system. These ab
initio algorithms usually cannot exploit a large amount of implicit
physicochemical rules or geometric constraints (deep knowledge) of atom
configurations embodied in a large number of known crystal structures. Inspired
by the deep learning enabled breakthrough in protein structure prediction,
herein we propose AlphaCrystal, a crystal structure prediction algorithm that
combines a deep residual neural network model that learns deep knowledge to
guide predicting the atomic contact map of a target crystal material followed
by reconstructing its 3D crystal structure using genetic algorithms. Based on
the experiments of a selected set of benchmark crystal materials, we show that
our AlphaCrystal algorithm can predict structures close to the ground truth
structures. It can also speed up the crystal structure prediction process by
predicting and exploiting the predicted contact map so that it has the
potential to handle relatively large systems. We believe that our deep learning
based ab initio crystal structure prediction method that learns from existing
material structures can be used to scale up current crystal structure
prediction practice. To our knowledge, AlphaCrystal is the first neural network
based algorithm for crystal structure contact map prediction and the first
method for directly reconstructing crystal structures from materials
composition, which can be further optimized by DFT calculations.Comment: 13 pages; 5 figure
Mlatticeabc: Generic Lattice Constant Prediction of Crystal Materials Using Machine Learning
Lattice constants such as unit cell edge lengths and plane angles are important parameters of the periodic structures of crystal materials. Predicting crystal lattice constants has wide applications in crystal structure prediction and materials property prediction. Previous work has used machine learning models such as neural networks and support vector machines combined with composition features for lattice constant prediction and has achieved a maximum performance for cubic structures with an average coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.82. Other models tailored for special materials family of a fixed form such as ABX3 perovskites can achieve much higher performance due to the homogeneity of the structures. However, these models trained with small data sets are usually not applicable to generic lattice parameter prediction of materials with diverse compositions. Herein, we report MLatticeABC, a random forest machine learning model with a new descriptor set for lattice unit cell edge length (a, b, c) prediction which achieves an R2 score of 0.973 for lattice parameter a of cubic crystals with an average R2 score of 0.80 for a prediction of all crystal systems. The R2 scores are between 0.498 and 0.757 over lattice b and c prediction performance of the model, which could be used by just inputting the molecular formula of the crystal material to get the lattice constants. Our results also show significant performance improvement for lattice angle predictions. Source code and trained models can be freely accessed at https://github.com/usccolumbia/MLatticeABC
- …