Measures of genetic diversity in the Hamma Hamma River.

<p>(A) Values of allelic richness (circles) and expected heterozygosity (squares) from Hamma Hamma River juvenile <i>O</i>. <i>mykiss</i> samples produced pre-, during-, and post-supplementation, and (B) estimates of the effective number of breeders (<i>N</i>_<i>b</i>), with 95% confidence intervals, for Hamma Hamma River <i>O</i>. <i>mykiss</i> brood years representing pre-, during-, and post-supplementation periods.</p

Map of the study area.

<p>Locations of the supplemented population (Hamma Hamma), the four non-supplemented populations (Tahuya, Little Quilcene, Union, and North Fork Skokomish), and the location of the captive rearing facility.</p

Results of the test for the effects of supplementation on redd abundance.

<p>ANOVA results testing the effects of the conservation hatchery program on the abundance of redds. The main effects were category (supplemented or not) and period (before or after supplementation). The response variable of interest was the interaction between period and category. Significant effects (P <0.05) shown in bold.</p

Map of the study area.

<p>The three rivers where <i>O. mykiss</i> samples were collected.</p

Most likely number of <i>O. mykiss</i> populations (<i>K</i>) in three rivers determined from STRUCTURE analyses.

<p>The most likely value of <i>K</i> is the one with the greatest rate of change (<i>ΔK</i>) between successive L(<i>K</i>) values.</p

Leave-one-out assignment tests for resident (RES) and anadromous (ANAD) <i>O. mykiss</i> sampled from three rivers.

<p>Samples are tested for the percent of correct assignments to population of origin given different population structure configurations depending on sample’s location above or below a barrier to upstream migration, and life history type.</p

Figure A1

Numbers of inferred populations (K) in samples of Quilcene Hatchery coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch based on Bayesian clustering analysis. Collections were taken between 1999 and 2011. Both a) mean (+/- standard deviation) Ln of the probability of the data (X), and b) K (rate of change in the log probability of data) are plotted for K = 1 to 8. These results suggest that our collections from Quilcene Hatchery represent three populations

Reference A1.

[USFWS] U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service. 2009. Quilcene, Quinault, and Makah National Fish Hatcheries: Assessments and Recommendations. Portland, Oregon

Reference A2.

[USFWS] U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service. 2011. Genetic profile for Quinault Hatchery coho salmon. Longview, Washington

Genetic Identification of Chinook Salmon: Stock-Specific Distributions of Juveniles along the Washington and Oregon Coasts

<p>We used microsatellite DNA data and genetic stock identification methods to delineate the temporal and spatial distributions of juvenile Chinook Salmon <i>Oncorhynchus tshawytscha</i> occupying coastal habitats extending from central Oregon to northern Washington. Juveniles were collected in trawl surveys conducted during spring, summer, and autumn over 15 years. Distributions (mean latitude and distance from shore) differed between yearling and subyearling life history types and between stocks; many of these differences were consistent across years. Yearlings were nearly all (98%) from Columbia River sources, and only 6% were naturally produced. In late May, yearlings from the lower Columbia and Willamette rivers were farther north than other yearlings, likely due to the early spring timing of their releases from hatcheries and subsequent out-migration from the Columbia River. However, yearling distributions in late June reflected known migration behaviors. Yearlings from interior Columbia and Snake River sources were farthest north by June, whereas yearlings from other stocks were more spread out in latitude. Subyearlings sampled in early summer were also largely from the Columbia River (98%), but greater percentages of subyearlings from coastal rivers were present during the fall (24%). In contrast to yearlings, natural production accounted for nearly one-third of subyearlings. Subyearlings of most stocks tended to remain relatively near their point of sea entry throughout the summer. Subyearlings from the Snake River fall-run stock and upper Columbia River summer–fall-run stock exhibited diverse distributions that included both southward and northward dispersal. Overall, distributions of Chinook Salmon stocks and life history types reflected differences in migration behavior but also reflected the influence of environmental factors and hatchery practices.</p> <p>Received November 13, 2014; accepted April 15, 2015</p