Bank holding company performance studies and the public interest: normative uses for positive analysis

Bank holding companies

The effect of state banking laws on holding company bank

Bank holding companies

USING CALLING ACTIVITY TO PREDICT CALLING ACTIVITY: A CASE STUDY WITH THE ENDANGERED HOUSTON TOAD (BUFO [ANAXYRUS] HOUSTONENSIS)

Understanding anuran calling activity patterns is important for maximizing efficiency and value of call survey data collection and analyses. Previous studies have primarily focused on identifying and quantifying abiotic variables that influence anuran calling activity, and investigating relationships between calling activity and population estimates. In this study we investigated the use of a predictor pond approach to guide call survey effort. In this approach, calling activity at a subset of breeding sites (e.g., ponds) is used as a predictor of calling activity at additional breeding sites, with the goal being to minimize sampling effort while simultaneously maximizing sampling efficiency. We explored the efficiency of this approach using call survey data collected on the endangered Houston Toad (Bufo [Anaxyrus] houstonensis) at 15 known breeding ponds over 9 survey years. We found that if calling activity at 3 predictor ponds was used to decide if additional call surveys would occur at the remaining 12 ponds, we would have hypothetically correctly assumed calling activity was not occurring at non-predictor ponds on 92.1% of survey nights, and we would have hypothetically detected 93.9% of the total number of detected individuals over the 9 survey years. We found the predictor pond approach performed well in our case study, and believe it could be a valuable tool for many anuran monitoring programs

Existence, Local Uniqueness, and Optimality of a Marginal Cost Pricing Equilibrium in an Economy with Increasing Returns

This paper proposes a notion of equilibrium for an economy with increasing returns to scale and gives sufficient conditions for its existence and local uniqueness. The optimality properties of this equilibrium notion follows from our previous investigations on economies with increasing returns. The notion of equilibrium used in this paper, i.e. a marginal cost pricing equilibrium, is a family of consumption plans, production plans, prices and lump sum taxes such that: all the first order conditions are satisfied in equilibrium; the lump sum taxes cover the aggregate losses of firms with increasing returns to scale; all markets for goods and services clear. The intended model is an economy with a regulated natural monopoly and a large number of unregulated competitive firms