186,898 research outputs found
Coefficients in powers of the log series
We determine the p-exponent in many of the coefficients in the power series
(log(1+x)/x)^t, where t is any integer. In our proof, we introduce a variant of
multinomial coefficients. We also characterize the power series x/log(1+x) by
certain zero coefficients in its powers.Comment: 8 page
Call and response: Identity and witness in legitimating CSR
How do social actors adopt a path alien to their organizational environment and, against the odds, get that environment to accommodate them? This developmental paper sketches an approach to answering that question, building on evidence from a series of conferences of themes related to corporate social responsibility. We see these events as facilitating construction of an identity that shields the participants from backlash in a less than accommodating institutional setting. Drawing on the concept of witness in religious practice, it suggests that a purpose of the events is the ritual enactment of practices that reinforce that identity, providing protection against hostility in the work environment. This version of the paper concludes with indications of the direction of the development and a request for suggestion
A Simple Method for Computing Soliton Statistics
I provide an extremely simple argument that the kink-type solitons in certain
theories are fermionic. The argument is based on the Witten index, but can in
fact be used to determine soliton statistics in non-supersymmetric theories as
well.Comment: 9 pages, harvmac, HWS-92/09. (Added substantial details in one
section.
The Generalized Peierls Bracket
We first extend the Peierls algebra of gauge invariant functions from the
space of classical solutions to the space of histories
used in path integration and some studies of decoherence. We then show that it
may be generalized in a number of ways to act on gauge dependent functions on
. These generalizations (referred to as class I) depend on the choice
of an ``invariance breaking term," which must be chosen carefully so that the
gauge dependent algebra is a Lie algebra. Another class of invariance breaking
terms is also found that leads to an algebra of gauge dependent functions, but
only on the space of solutions. By the proper choice of invariance
breaking term, we can construct a generalized Peierls algebra that agrees with
any gauge dependent algebra constructed through canonical or gauge fixing
methods, as well as Feynman and Landau ``gauge." Thus, generalized Peierls
algebras present a unified description of these techniques. We study the
properties of generalized Peierls algebras and their pull backs to spaces of
partial solutions and find that they may posses constraints similar to the
canonical case. Such constraints are always first class, and quantization may
proceed accordingly.Comment: 30 pages REVTEX, CGPG-93/8-5 (significant mistake in earlier version
corrected
Recommended from our members
Receipt of Unemployment Insurance by Higher-Income Unemployed Workers (“Millionaires”)
[Excerpt] To inform the policy debate, this report provides information relevant to proposals that would restrict the payment of unemployment benefits to individuals with high incomes. Three primary areas that may be of interest to lawmakers are addressed: (1) the current U.S. Department of Labor (DOL) opinion on means-testing UI benefits; (2) the potential number of people who would be affected by such proposals; and (3) policy considerations such as the potential savings associated with such proposals, particularly in terms of federal expenditures. The latter two issues are discussed because a small percentage (approximately 0.02%) of tax filers receiving unemployment benefit income had AGI of $1 million or more in tax year 2009 based on Internal Revenue Service (IRS) data
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Methane, CFCs, and Other Greenhouse Gases
Our planet is continuously bathed in solar radiation. Although we who
are confined to a fixed location on the globe experience day and night,
the earth does not. It is always day in the sense that the sun is shining on
half of the globe. Much of the incoming solar radiation, about 30%, is
scattered back to space by clouds, atmospheric gases and particles, and
objects on the earth. The remaining 70% is, therefore, absorbed mostly
at the earth's surface. This absorbed radiation gives up its energy to
whatever absorbed it, thereby causing its temperature to increase. Because solar radiation is absorbed continuously by the earth, it might be
supposed that its temperature should continue to increase. It does not, of
course, because the earth also emits radiation, the spectral distribution
of which is quite different from that of the incoming solar radiation. The
higher the earth's temperature, the more infrared radiation it emits. At a
sufficiently high temperature, the total rate of emission of infrared
radiation equals the rate of absorption of solar radiation. Radiative
equilibrium has been achieved, although it is a dynamic equilibrium:
absorption and emission go on continuously at equal rates. The temperature
at which this occurs is called the radiative equilibrium temperature
of the earth. This is an average temperature, not the
temperature at any one location or at any one time. It is merely the
temperature that the earth, as a blackbody, must have in order to emit as
much radiant energy as the earth absorbs solar energy
The dangers of extremes
While extreme black hole spacetimes with smooth horizons are known at the
level of mathematics, we argue that the horizons of physical extreme black
holes are effectively singular. Test particles encounter a singularity the
moment they cross the horizon, and only objects with significant back-reaction
can fall across a smooth (now non-extreme) horizon. As a result, classical
interior solutions for extreme black holes are theoretical fictions that need
not be reproduced by any quantum mechanical model. This observation suggests
that significant quantum effects might be visible outside extreme or nearly
extreme black holes. It also suggests that the microphysics of such black holes
may be very different from that of their Schwarzschild cousins.Comment: 6 pages, 5 figures, 3rd place in 2010 Gravity Research Foundation
Essay Competitio
Deep drilling into a Hawaiian volcano
Hawaiian volcanoes are the most comprehensively
studied on Earth. Nevertheless, most
of the eruptive history of each one is inaccessible
because it is buried by younger lava
flows or is exposed only below sea level. For
those parts of Hawaiian volcanoes above sea
level, erosion typically exposes only a few
hundred meters of buried lavas (out of a total
thickness of up to 10 km or more).Available
samples of submarine lavas extend the time
intervals of individual volcanoes that can be
studied. However, the histories of individual
Hawaiian volcanoes during most of their ~1-million-year passages across the zone of melt
production are largely unknown
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