Nikah Sirri Dalam Perspektif Hadis

This paper will discuss the issue of sirri marriages through the perspective of hadith. To give a holistic understanding of the problem regarding the hadith prohibiting sirri marriages and those instructing for the recording of marriages, this paper will utilize the Maani al-Hadith method. The various Hadiths found on sirri marriages have found two important points. First, the prophet has instructed that as a legally binding relation recommended by religion, marriage must be different from other forms of relations prohibited by religion, in the form of publications. Second, the hadith, which are strengthened by Quranic verses also instructs that while the use of witnesses is sufficient for the legality of a marriage, if there are several requirements which are lacking in certain situations, a record or publication of the marriage must be made to avoid future dispute (a record of the marriage is the most effective method espoused by the Quranic verse). Furthermore, several other facts also become the basis for the mandatory nature of a marital record: 1) that marriages encompass not only legal, but also religious and social factors, 2) marital records protects not only from adultery, but also minimalizes the possibility for other future sins, and 3) that the existence of marital records is a characteristic of an upstanding Muslim following government laws

Behavioral Detection of Electrical Microstimulation in Different Cortical Visual Areas

SummaryThe extent to which areas in the visual cerebral cortex differ in their ability to support perceptions has been the subject of considerable speculation. Experiments examining the activity of individual neurons have suggested that activity in later stages of the visual cortex is more closely linked to perception than that in earlier stages [1–9]. In contrast, results from functional imaging, transcranial magnetic stimulation, and lesion studies have been interpreted as showing that earlier stages are more closely coupled to perception [10–15]. We examined whether neuronal activity in early and later stages differs in its ability to support detectable signals by measuring behavioral thresholds for detecting electrical microstimulation in different cortical areas in two monkeys. By training the animals to perform a two-alternative temporal forced-choice task, we obtained criterion-free thresholds from five visual areas—V1, V2, V3A, MT, and the inferotemporal cortex. Every site tested yielded a reliable threshold. Thresholds varied little within and between visual areas, rising gradually from early to later stages. We similarly found no systematic differences in the slopes of the psychometric detection functions from different areas. These results suggest that neuronal signals of similar magnitude evoked in any part of visual cortex can generate percepts

Evaluating Text-to-Image GANs Performance: A Comparative Analysis of Evaluation Metrics

Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) have emerged as powerful techniques for generating high-quality images in various domains but assessing how realistic the generated images are is a challenging task. To address this issue, researchers have proposed a variety of evaluation metrics for GANs, each with its own strengths and limitations. This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of popular GAN evaluation metrics, including FID, Mode Score, Inception Score, MMD, PSNR, and SSIM. The strengths, weaknesses, and calculation processes of these metrics are discussed, focusing on assessing image fidelity and diversity. Two approaches, pixel distance, and feature distance, are employed to measure image similarity, while the importance of evaluating individual objects using input captions is emphasized. Experimental results on a basic GAN trained on the MNIST dataset demonstrate improvement in various metrics across different epochs. The FID score decreases from 497.54594 at Epoch 0 to 136.91156 at Epoch 100, indicating improved differentiation between real and generated images. In addition, the Inception Score increases from 1.1533 to 1.6408, reflecting enhanced image quality and diversity. These findings highlight the effectiveness of the GAN model in generating more realistic and diverse images with training progression.  However, when it comes to evaluating GANs on complex datasets, challenges arise, highlighting the need to combine evaluation metrics with visual inspection and subjective measures of image quality. By adopting a comprehensive evaluation approach, researchers can gain a deeper understanding of GAN performance and guide the development of advanced models

Agent architecture for adaptive behaviours in autonomous driving

Evolution has endowed animals with outstanding adaptive behaviours which are grounded in the organization of their sensorimotor system. This paper uses inspiration from these principles of organization in the design of an artificial agent for autonomous driving. After distilling the relevant principles from biology, their functional role in the implementation of an artificial system are explained. The resulting Agent, developed in an EU H2020 Research and Innovation Action, is used to concretely demonstrate the emergence of adaptive behaviour with a significant level of autonomy. Guidelines to adapt the same principled organization of the sensorimotor system to other agents for driving are also obtained. The demonstration of the system abilities is given with example scenarios and open access simulation tools. Prospective developments concerning learning via mental imagery are finally discussed

Evaluasi Dampak Program Bantuan Operasional Sekolah (Bos) Tingkat Sekolah Menengah Pertama Negeri (SMP N) Di Kecamatan Banyumanik, Kota Semarang

BOS program is education program from government for poor society to facing the mark-up price of gasoline on 2005. Basically, BOS is non-personal operating fund supplying program from government to access nine years elementary school of national educational system. This research, will observe how far BOS Program that almost ten years works, can give benefit and impact for the targets. Qualitative – descriptive method will used to explain the impact evaluation research by in-depth interview.The results of impact evaluation of School Operational Assistance Program (Program BOS) on junior high school grade in Banyumanik Sub district, Semarang City conclude that the targets give positive effects, despite there are some problems about fund managing. Positive effect not only for the pupils and schools, but also for the parents of pupil in there. Impacts for the pupils are motivation to study, because there isn't pay to fee and increasing the instruments for study and extracurricular activities. So that, they optimist to steps on next grade after junior high school. Impacts for parents are helping them about school fee, and then parents can fulfilled another requirement that can support their child education. Impacts for the schools are can completely the school requirements for educational activities. The schools applying and managing of the BOS funds following by the BOS rules that regulate about the fee components up to the prohibitions. Over all, BOS program earns good response for decrease the school fees and support school activities. Until now, BOS program can push down the drop out cases in nine years elementary school grade. But, the school has other problems, like the funds was delayed to transfer and limited to accomplish the school requirements

A CASE REPORT ON ALLOPURINOL INDUCED DRESS SYNDROME

Allopurinol-induced DRESS Syndrome or Drug Rash with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptom is a rare but potentially fatal drug reaction. Fever, rashes, swelling, and hematologic abnormalities, particularly short-term or long-term injury to one or more organs, have been reported by over 0.4 percent of patients following the course of medicine. Here, a 54-year-old female patient was admitted to the hospital with complaints of fever, purpuric rashes over the body with itching mainly in the oral cavity and lips, and the extent to the upper back and lower limbs for three days. She had known complaints of Type 2 Diabetes, Systemic hypertension, Coronary artery disease with recent NSTEMI, Dyslipidaemia, Psychosis (20y), and Chronic kidney disease. She had been taking Allopurinol for the past three months for hyperuricemia. Allopurinol treatment stopped while topical Steroid treatment started along with supportive therapy. After ten days, the rashes improved significantly, allowing her to leave the hospital

Evaluasi Keberhasilan Inseminasi Buatan Pada Sapi Simental – Po (Simpo) Di Kecamatan Patean Dan Plantungan, Kabupaten Kendal, Jawa Tengah (Evaluation of Artificial Insemination Simmental – Po (Simpo) Cow in the Sub-district of Patean and Plantungan, Kend

The purpose of this research was to find out about the success of IB implementation for SIMPO cows in both of district which have different temperature and humidity based on, non return rate (NRR), conception rate(CR) and service per conception (S/C).The materials of this research was secondary data of IB implementation from 2009 until 2013 and the primary data was 60 SIMPO cows. The method that used in this study was observational and drscriptive analysis, and has passed the proportional test in order to determine the difference between the two regions, then linier regression analysis to estimate various parameters of 2014. To make the counting procedure easier and prevent humman error this research used statistical shoftware conStat. The result proved that presumption value 2014 there was a different results fo successively wereNRR28-35 83,33%; CR 30,80%; S/C 2,9 times for Patean and for Plantungan were NRR28-35 86,66%; CR 57,2%; S/C 1,5 times. The result of proportion test for CR and S/C showed different (p<0,05) but there was no differences for NRR result. The conclusion of this research that reproduction capability based on evaluation to NRR, CR and S/C of SIMPO cows in Plantungan district was better than SIMPO cows in Patean Distric

Identification of Current Proficiency Level of Extension Competencies and the Competencies Needed for Extension Agents to Be Successful in the 21st Century

In this era of globalization, competency is an issue of concern to any field of professionals and their clients. Competency is an integrated set of skills, knowledge, and attitudes that allow one to effectively carry out the activities of a given work to the standards expected in the employment context. The purpose of this descriptive survey study was to determine the current proficiency level of North Carolina Cooperative Extension agents’ competencies and the other competencies they need to develop to be successful in Cooperative Extension. Findings indicate that the current proficiency level of competency for Extension agents in North Carolina Cooperative Extension varies from moderate to high in all 42 items listed in the survey. Multiple regression analysis confirmed that Extension agents’ years of Extension experience and age were major determinants of their overall proficiency level. Extension agents’ proficiency levels did not vary with gender, level of education, professional association affiliation, job position, or area of job responsibility. The research revealed that emotional intelligence, interpersonal skills, flexibility for adapting to changing environments, and ability to manage resources were the most significant other competencies needed for Extension agents to be successful in current context