Bayesian analysis of the <i>Ornebius</i> combined nuclear-mitochondrial five-gene dataset.

<p>Consensus of the last 375,000 trees after 50 million generations, based on the GTR+I+G model. Nodes gaining 100% PP are asterisked, while those gaining 50–99% PP are labelled accordingly. Lineage numbers correspond to song types as listed in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0148971#pone.0148971.t001" target="_blank">Table 1</a>. Lineages labelled in green are associated with <i>Pandanus</i>, while those in black are associated with dicots. The islands in which individuals are sampled are coded as in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0148971#pone.0148971.g001" target="_blank">Fig 1</a>; REU, Réunion; MAU, Mauritius; ROD, Rodrigues; ANJ, Anjouan. Islands too small and numerous to label on <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0148971#pone.0148971.g001" target="_blank">Fig 1</a> are as follows. Granitic Seychelles: PRA, Praslin; DIG, La Digue. Aldabra Group: ALD, Aldabra Atoll. Island close to Mauritius: ROU, Round Island.</p

Measurements taken from recorded <i>Ornebius</i> songs.

<p>The fundamental (frequency of the first harmonic); pattern of the song sentence (mono-, di-, tri-syllabic); period of the first syllable (P1); period of the second syllable (P2; where applicable); period of the third syllable (P3; where applicable); period of sentence repetition (Total).</p

Characteristics of the ten <i>Ornebius</i> song types recorded on islands of the western Indian Ocean.

<p>Each song type is represented by at least three different individuals. In order to standardise for temperature within the constraints of field conditions, all recordings are restricted to temperatures within the range of 20 to 29°C. Frequency and pulse rate were corrected to a 22°C equivalent using a standard curve (see <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0148971#sec002" target="_blank">methods</a>). For di- and tri-syllabic song patterns, the pulse rate of the closest syllables of the echeme is given.</p

Mascarene <i>Ornebius</i> speciation scenarios.

<p>(a) Scenario invoking inter-island speciation alone. (b) Scenario invoking intra- as well as inter- island speciation. Lineages associated with dicotyledonous plants are in brown, while those associated with <i>Pandanus</i> are in green. Lineage numbers correspond to song types in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0148971#pone.0148971.t001" target="_blank">Table 1</a>. Long jagged lines indicate intra-island speciation. Short jagged lines indicate intra-island divergence. Time step 6 represents the present day, in which song types 5 and 6 show weak genetic divergence, while song type 10 does not show any divergence between Réunion and the offshore islets of Mauritius. For simplicity, we depict song type 10 as undergoing present-day dispersal to Réunion, but acknowledge that in reality dispersal (and associated gene flow) may be bidirectional and ongoing. Note that these are the simplest scenarios ignoring extinction. More complex scenarios are also possible.</p

Distribution and host plants of <i>Ornebius</i> song types in the western Indian Ocean.

<p>Distribution and host plants of <i>Ornebius</i> song types in the western Indian Ocean.</p

Comparison of patterns of Indian Ocean <i>Ornebius</i> species richness with Rosindell and Phillimore’s [10] model.

<p>(a) Predictions of the model for the distribution of species richness in immigrant, anagenetic and cladogenetic species with respect to area and isolation. Reprinted from [<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0148971#pone.0148971.ref010" target="_blank">10</a>], under a CC BY license, with permission from Wiley, original copyright 2011. Scales of species richness are indicated on the horizontal bar. (b) Observed distribution of immigrant, anagenetic and cladogenetic species of <i>Ornebius</i> with respect to archipelago area and isolation. <i>O</i>. <i>validus</i> occurs in two archipelagos. Scenario 1 assumes that the most recently emerged archipelago (Chagos) was colonised from the older one (Granitic Seychelles). The alternative, Scenario 2, makes the opposite assumption, with the older archipelago being colonised from the younger one.</p

The documented distribution of described <i>Ornebius</i> species of the western Indian Ocean.

<p>Species distributions across multiple small islands are indicated with pale grey shading. Synonyms are excluded. REU, Réunion; MAU, Mauritius; ROD, Rodrigues; GRA, Grande Comore; MOH, Moheli; ANJ, Anjouan; MAY, Mayotte.</p

Alignment of all phased ITS2 individuals

Sample names are in the following format: indentifier_species_(collection site). The letters a and b suffixed to the identifier denote the alleles for the same individual. Homozygotes are entered twice. Individuals were phased using a combination of the program PHASE 2.1 as implemented in DNASP v5 and Indelligent v1.2 (available from: imperialis.inhs.illinois.edu/dmitriev/indel.asp‎)

Foudia CHD1Z Maximim Likelihood tree topology

Maximum likelihood tree based on the K81uf + I model for Foudia CHD1Z data

CHD1Z sequence alignment

See ReadMe file for the corresponding GenBank accessions