16 research outputs found

    Immunoselection and characterization of a human genomic PPAR binding fragment located within POTE genes

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    Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are ligand-inducible transcription factors and belong to the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily. They form heterodimers with retinoid X receptor (RXR) and bind to specific PPAR-response elements. To identify novel PPAR target genes, we developed an affinity method to isolate human genomic fragments containing binding sites for PPARs. For this, an antibody raised against all PPAR subtypes was used. Immunoselected fragments were amplified and sequenced. One of them, ISF1029, was mapped by BLAT and BLAST searches on different human chromosomes, downstream of several POTE genes. ISF1029 contained three hexamers strongly related to the AGGTCA motif organized according to a DR0/3 motif. The latter was found to bind to PPARΑ in gel mobility shift and supershift assays and to exhibit a downregulation potentiality in transfection experiments under clofibrate treatment. POTE genes were shown to be highly expressed in human Caco-2 colorectal adenocarcinoma cells and downregulated by fenofibrate and 9-cis-retinoic acid, as attested by RT-PCR assays. Microarray analysis confirmed and extended to the human T98-G glioblastoma cells, the downregulation of several POTE genes expression by Wy-14,643, a potent PPARΑ activator. Our data provide new insights about the pleiotropic action of PPARs

    A Standardized Workflow Based on the STAVIRO Unbaited Underwater Video System for Monitoring Fish and Habitat Essential Biodiversity Variables in Coastal Areas

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    Essential Biodiversity Variables (EBV) related to benthic habitats and high trophic levels such as fish communities must be measured at fine scale but monitored and assessed at spatial scales that are relevant for policy and management actions. Local scales are important for assessing anthropogenic impacts, and conservation-related and fisheries management actions, while reporting on the conservation status of biodiversity to formulate national and international policies requires much broader scales. Measurements must account for the fact that coastal habitats and fish communities are heterogeneously distributed locally and at larger scales. Assessments based on in situ monitoring generally suffer from poor spatial replication and limited geographical coverage, which is challenging for area-wide assessments. Requirements for appropriate monitoring comprise cost-efficient and standardized observation protocols and data formats, spatially scalable and versatile data workflows, data that comply with the FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable) principles, while minimizing the environmental impact of measurements. This paper describes a standardized workflow based on remote underwater video that aims to assess fishes (at species and community levels) and habitat-related EBVs in coastal areas. This panoramic unbaited video technique was developed in 2007 to survey both fishes and benthic habitats in a cost-efficient manner, and with minimal effect on biodiversity. It can be deployed in areas where low underwater visibility is not a permanent or major limitation. The technique was consolidated and standardized and has been successfully used in varied settings over the last 12 years. We operationalized the EBV workflow by documenting the field protocol, survey design, image post-processing, EBV production and data curation. Applications of the workflow are illustrated here based on some 4,500 observations (fishes and benthic habitats) in the Pacific, Indian and Atlantic Oceans, and Mediterranean Sea. The STAVIRO’s proven track-record of utility and cost-effectiveness indicates that it should be considered by other researchers for future applications.publishedVersio

    Etat de santĂ© des habitats et peuplements de poissons des atolls d’Entrecasteaux, zone inscrite au Patrimoine Mondial de l’HumanitĂ© et Parc naturel de la mer de Corail. Evaluation initiale par stations vidĂ©o rotatives STAVIRO

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    The AMBIO project conducted a comprehensive video-based baseline assessment of coral reef fish communities and associated habitats in the New Caledonian lagoons. Observation relies on remote unbaited underwater video, using the STAVIRO rotating technique (Pelletier et al. 2012). This survey was conducted in 2015 in Entrecasteaux Reefs, both located within the Coral Sea Natural Park, and part of World Heritage site. 109 STAVIRO were validated in 9 days, covering the reefs and geomorphological units in the area. Images were analyzed to characterize the habitat surrounding each station, and fishes based on a list of 565 species (Pelletier et al. 2016). 28 indicators were computed and represented on maps (Sextant server). Indicators were analyzed using the PAMPA computing tool. Outcomes were organized in dashboards per management objective (biodiversity conservation and fisheries management). 190 fish species (and one snake species), belonging to 32 families were observed. Surgeonfish and wrasses were observed on more than 95% of stations. Parrotfish, snappers, butterflyfish and groupers were observed on more than 77% of stations. Coral health status is good with high living coral covers on outer slopes and lagoon patches, while branch coral was found in internal slopes. Butterflyfish diversity is high, but not their abundance. Fish communities are exceptionally diversified in all habitats. Abundance is good, but medium in the Living Coral habitat. Groupers are frequent and abundant. Fish community status appears the best among all surveyed sites, except for parrotfish and butterlfyfish. Sharks are very frequent, as well as jacks. Giant wrasse is regularly observed. Resources are rather abundant (commercial, fished and spearfished species), but on sandy bottoms. Jacks and spangled emperor are frequent. Favorite targets of surgeonfish and coral trout are equally or less frequent than on other sites.Cette Ă©tude conduite dans le cadre du projet AMBIO concerne les communautĂ©s de poissons et habitats associĂ©s aux rĂ©cifs coralliens des lagons de Nouvelle-CalĂ©donie. Elle s’appuie sur des donnĂ©es collectĂ©es par STAVIRO, une technique de vidĂ©o rotative. Cette campagne a Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©e en 2015 dans les atolls d’Entrecasteaux, bien inscrit au patrimoine mondial et situĂ© dans le pĂ©rimĂštre du Parc naturel de la mer de Corail. Le plan d'Ă©chantillonnage couvre les diffĂ©rents sites de la zone et les structures rĂ©cifales prĂ©sentes. 109 stations STAVIRO ont Ă©tĂ© validĂ©es. L’analyse des images a permis de caractĂ©riser l’habitat entourant chaque station, ainsi que les communautĂ©s de poissons sur la base d’une liste de 565 espĂšces (Pelletier et al. 2016). 28 indicateurs ont Ă©tĂ© calculĂ©s et reprĂ©sentĂ©s sous forme de cartes en annexe et disponibles sur Sextant. Ils ont Ă©tĂ© analysĂ©s grĂące Ă  l’outil de calcul PAMPA. Les rĂ©sultats sont sous forme de tableau de bord par objectif de gestion relatif Ă  la conservation de la biodiversitĂ© et la gestion des ressources de la pĂȘche. 190 espĂšces de poissons et une espĂšce de serpent appartenant Ă  32 familles ont Ă©tĂ© observĂ©es. Poissons chirurgiens et labres sont observĂ©s sur plus de 95% des stations. Poissons-perroquets, lutjans, poissons-papillons et loches sont observĂ©s sur plus de 77% des stations. L’habitat Corail vivant est dominant avec un recouvrement en corail vivant trĂšs Ă©levĂ© sur la pente externe, bon sur les patates isolĂ©es, et un recouvrement Ă©levĂ© en corail branchu sur les pentes internes abritĂ©es. La diversitĂ© des poissons-papillons est trĂšs Ă©levĂ©e, leur abondance est moyenne. La diversitĂ© du peuplement est exceptionnelle sur tous les types gĂ©omorphologiques et habitats. Son abondance est bonne sur tous les habitats, sauf l’habitat Corail vivant (moyenne). Les loches sont frĂ©quentes et abondantes. A l’exception de l’abondance des perroquets et poissons-papillons, l’état de l’ichtyofaune est le meilleur de tous les sites visitĂ©s. Les requins sont trĂšs frĂ©quents et des poissons-napolĂ©ons sont rĂ©guliĂšrement observĂ©s. Etat des ressources assez bon pour les espĂšces commerciales, consommables et pour les cibles de la chasse, sauf sur l’habitat Fond lagonaire (mĂ©diocre). Cibles de la ligne en gĂ©nĂ©ral plus abondantes que sur les autres sites. Carangues et bec de cane frĂ©quents. Dawa, saumonĂ©e petits points et picot kanak autant ou moins frĂ©quents que sur les autres sites

    Etat de santĂ© des habitats et peuplements de poissons de la Corne Sud, zone inscrite au Patrimoine Mondial de l’HumanitĂ© - Evaluation initiale par stations vidĂ©o rotatives STAVIRO

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    The AMBIO project conducted a comprehensive video-based baseline assessment of coral reef fish communities and associated habitats in the New Caledonian lagoons. The survey relies on remote unbaited underwater video observations, using the STAVIRO rotating technique. The present study deals with the Corne Sud area, in the south of New-Caledonia, and located within the “Grand Lagon Sud” World Heritage Property. The survey design covers the entire area. 155 stations were validated within 9 days. They were analyzed to characterize the habitat surrounding each station, and fish communities, based on a list of 429 fish species (cf. AMBIO/A/1). 27 indicators were computed and mapped (maps available on a Sextant server). Indicators were analyzed using the PAMPA computing tool. Outcomes were organized in a dashboard for each management objective (biodiversity conservation and fisheries management). 170 fish species (and one turtle species), belonging to 23 families were observed. Surgeonfish and parrotfish were observed on 95% of the stations. Wrasses, butterflyfish, goatfish and groupers were observed on 50% to 80% of the stations. Live coral habitat was dominant (almost 60% of stations). Coral cover status was very good on the external slope, good on fringing reefs. Branch coral cover was high in sheltered locations, islet fringing reefs and coral patches. Butterflyfish diversity was very high (26 species). Fish communities are among the most diversified in New Caledonia, particularly on barrier reef and lagoon coral patches. Fish abundance is heterogenous, high on the barrier reef and coral patches, and medium on islet fringing reefs. Turtles, sharks, rays and giant wrasse are regularly observed on their favorite habitats. Ressource status is good for fished species and species targeted by spearfishing and line. In particular, blue spine unicorn, coral trout and “picot kanak” (Acanthurus blochii, dussumieri and nigricauda) are both more frequent and more abundant than in the other sites studied.    Le projet AMBIO a conduit des Ă©valuations des peuplements de poissons et habitats associĂ©s aux rĂ©cifs coralliens sur l’ensemble  des lagons de Nouvelle-CalĂ©donie, en s’appuyant sur la technique de vidĂ©o rotative STAVIRO. Cette campagne a Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©e en 2013 dans la Corne Sud, situĂ©e dans le Grand Lagon Sud, bien inscrit au Patrimoine Mondial. Le plan d'Ă©chantillonnage couvre la totalitĂ© de cette vaste zone. En 9 jours sur zone, 155 stations STAVIRO ont Ă©tĂ© validĂ©es. Leur analyse a permis de caractĂ©riser l’habitat environnant chaque station, ainsi que les peuplements de poissons sur la base d’une liste de 527 espĂšces (cf. AMBIO/A/1). 27 indicateurs ont Ă©tĂ© calculĂ©s et reprĂ©sentĂ©s sous forme de cartes disponibles sur un serveur Sextant. Ces indicateurs ont Ă©tĂ© analysĂ©s grĂące Ă  l’outil de calcul PAMPA. Les rĂ©sultats sont synthĂ©tisĂ©s sous forme de tableau de bord par objectif de gestion relatif Ă  la conservation de la biodiversitĂ© et la gestion des ressources de la pĂȘche. 170 espĂšces de poissons (et 1 espĂšce de tortue) appartenant Ă  23 familles ont Ă©tĂ© observĂ©es. Poissons chirurgiens et poissons perroquets sont observĂ©s sur plus de 95% des stations. Labres, poissons-papillons, loches et rougets-barbets sont observĂ©s sur 50 Ă  80% des stations. L’habitat corallien est largement dominant avec presque 60% des stations et un recouvrement en corail vivant trĂšs bon sur la pente externe, presque bon sur les frangeants d’ülot et un recouvrement Ă©levĂ© en corail branchu dans les zones lagonaires abritĂ©es, frangeantes et patates isolĂ©es. La diversitĂ© des poissons-papillons est trĂšs Ă©levĂ©e (26 espĂšces observĂ©es). Le peuplement est un des plus diversifiĂ©s autour de la Grande Terre surtout sur le rĂ©cif barriĂšre et les patates lagonaires isolĂ©es. Son abondance est moyenne et hĂ©tĂ©rogĂšne, Ă©levĂ©e sur la barriĂšre et les patates isolĂ©es, moyenne sur les frangeants d’ülot. Tortues, requins, raies et poissons-napolĂ©ons sont rĂ©guliĂšrement observĂ©s sur leurs habitats prĂ©fĂ©rĂ©s. L’état des ressources est satisfaisant pour les espĂšces commerciales, consommables et pour les cibles de la chasse, et celles de la ligne. En particulier, le dawa, la saumonĂ©e petits points et le picot kanak sont plus frĂ©quents et plus abondants que sur les autres sites.  

    Etat de santé des habitats et peuplements de poissons de la Réserve Merlet, zone inscrite au Patrimoine Mondial - Evaluation initiale par stations vidéo rotatives STAVIRO

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    Conducted within the AMBIO project, this work deals with coral reef fish communities and associated habitats, in the New Caledonian lagoons. It relies on remote unbaited underwater video observations, using the STAVIRO rotating technique. The field work was realized in 2013 in and around the Merlet Marine Reserve, in the south of New-Caledonia, and located within the “Grand Lagon Sud” world heritage area. The sampling design covers the entire area, and was stratified according to reef type (outer slope, reef flat, reef shallow terrace, lagoon, and fringing reef). 162 stations were validated within 6 days. They were analyzed to characterize the habitat surrounding each station, and fish communities, based on a list of 429 fish species (cf. AMBIO/A/1). 28 indicators were computed and mapped (maps available on a Sextant server). Indicators were analyzed using the PAMPA computing tool. Outcomes were organized in a dashboard for each management objective (biodiversity conservation and fisheries management). 165 fish species (and one turtle species), belonging to 20 families were observed. Two families were observed on more than 80% of stations: surgeonfish and parrotfish. Four other families were observed on 50% to 80% of stations: butterflyfish, wrasses, groupers and goatfish. Living coral habitat display a good ecological status, in particular on external slopes (on average over 35% on this habitat). A large diversity (26 species) and abundance of butterflyfish was observed. 2 shark species, 1 turtle species and 3 ray species were encountered, as well as giant wrasse. Fish communities display a good ecological status, in particular on external slopes in the Living Coral habitat, consistently with an ancient and strong protection. Emblematic species were regularly observed. Most fisheries-related metrics indicate relatively abundant resources, with higher occurrences abundances, and a greater proportion of large individuals. These results indicate lower anthropogenic pressures, especially fishing pressure,than at other coastal sites.    Cette Ă©tude conduite dans le cadre du projet AMBIO concerne les communautĂ©s de poissons et habitats associĂ©s aux rĂ©cifs coralliens des lagons de Nouvelle-CalĂ©donie. Elle s’appuie sur des donnĂ©es collectĂ©es par STAVIRO, une technique de vidĂ©o rotative. Cette campagne a Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©e en 2013 dans et autour de la rĂ©serve Yves Merlet, situĂ©e dans le Grand Lagon Sud, bien inscrit au patrimoine mondial. Le plan d'Ă©chantillonnage couvre toute la zone avec une stratification en fonction des structures rĂ©cifales (pente externe, fond lagonaire, rĂ©cif frangeant, platier, plateau rĂ©cifal). En 6 jours sur zone, 162 stations STAVIRO ont Ă©tĂ© validĂ©es. Leur analyse a permis de caractĂ©riser l’habitat environnant chaque station, ainsi que les communautĂ©s de poissons sur la base d’une liste de 429 espĂšces (cf. AMBIO/A/1). 28 indicateurs ont Ă©tĂ© calculĂ©s et reprĂ©sentĂ©s sous forme de carte disponible sur un serveur Sextant. Ces indicateurs ont Ă©tĂ© analysĂ©s grĂące Ă  l’outil de calcul PAMPA. Les rĂ©sultats sont synthĂ©tisĂ©s sous forme de tableau de bord par objectif de gestion relatif Ă  la conservation de la biodiversitĂ© et la gestion des ressources de la pĂȘche. 165 espĂšces de poissons (et 1 espĂšce de tortue) appartenant Ă  20 familles ont Ă©tĂ© observĂ©es. Deux familles sont vues sur plus de 80% de stations : poissons chirurgiens et poissons perroquets. Quatre autres familles sont vues sur 50 Ă  80% des stations : poissons-papillons, labres, loches et rougets-barbets. L’état de santĂ© du corail est bon, avec des recouvrements en corail vivant Ă©levĂ©s (plus de 35% en moyenne sur l’habitat Corail vivant). Les poissons-papillons sont diversifiĂ©s (26 espĂšces) et abondants sur la zone. 2 espĂšces de requins, 1 espĂšce de tortue et trois espĂšces de raies sont observĂ©es, ainsi que le poisson napolĂ©on. L’état de l’ichtyofaune est satisfaisant, notamment sur la pente externe, et cohĂ©rent avec le statut de protection intĂ©grale ancien. Les espĂšces emblĂ©matiques sont rĂ©guliĂšrement observĂ©es. Les rĂ©sultats indiquent des pressions anthropiques, et notamment une pression de pĂȘche, clairement plus faibles que sur d’autres sites cĂŽtiers, avec des espĂšces-cibles plus frĂ©quentes, plus abondantes et plus de grands individus.  

    Etat de santĂ© des habitats et peuplements de poissons des Ăźles et rĂ©cifs de l’Astrolabe, PĂ©trie et Walpole, Parc Naturel de la Mer de Corail. Evaluation initiale par stations vidĂ©o rotatives STAVIRO

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    - The AMBIO project conducted a comprehensive video-based baseline assessment of coral reef fish communities and associated habitats in the New Caledonian lagoons. The survey relies on remote unbaited underwater video observations, using the STAVIRO rotating technique. - The study pertains to the reefs of Astrolabe, PĂ©trie and Walpole Island, located within the Coral Sea Natural Park. The survey conducted in 2014 covers the entire area, and the sampling design was stratified according to reef type. 95 stations were validated. They were analyzed to characterize the habitat surrounding each station, and fish communities, based on a list of 565 fish species (cf. AMBIO/A/1). - 28 indicators were computed and mapped (maps available on a Sextant server). Indicators were analyzed using the PAMPA computing tool. Outcomes were organized in a dashboard for each management objective (biodiversity conservation and fisheries management). - 171 fish species (and one turtle species), belonging to 33 families were observed. Two families were observed on more than 95% of stations: surgeonfish and wrasses. Eight other families were observed on 50% to 95% of stations: parrotfish, groupers, triggerfish, snappers, butterflyfish, goatfish, emperors and angelfish. - Coral health status is good with high living coral covers (62% on average), mostly in Astrolabe, but branch coral was scarce. Sharks and giant wrasse were frequently observed, as well as jacks. - Fish communities are diversified and very abundant, particularly in the Living Coral habitat; and generally more abundant than on the rest of the sites, particularly at Astrolabe. All trophic groups were abundant on the area, except for planktivorous species. Piscivorous species were very abundant. - Most fisheries-related metrics indicate highly abundant resources, particularly at Astrolabe. - The health status of coral habitat and associated fish communities appears exceptional at Astrolabe, and generally good at PĂ©trie and Walpole.  - Le projet AMBIO a conduit des Ă©valuations des peuplements de poissons et habitats associĂ©s aux rĂ©cifs coralliens sur l’ensemble  des lagons de Nouvelle-CalĂ©donie, en s’appuyant sur la technique de vidĂ©o rotative STAVIRO. - Cette campagne a Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©e en 2014 sur les iles et rĂ©cifs Ă©loignĂ©s d’Astrolabe, PĂ©trie et Walpole, situĂ©s dans le pĂ©rimĂštre du Parc Naturel de la Mer de Corail. Le plan d'Ă©chantillonnage couvre toute la zone avec une stratification en fonction des structures rĂ©cifales prĂ©sentes. 95 stations STAVIRO ont Ă©tĂ© validĂ©es. Leur analyse a permis de caractĂ©riser l’habitat environnant chaque station, ainsi que les communautĂ©s de poissons sur la base d’une liste de 565 espĂšces (cf. AMBIO/A/1). - 28 indicateurs ont Ă©tĂ© calculĂ©s et reprĂ©sentĂ©s sous forme de carte disponible sur un serveur Sextant. Ces indicateurs ont Ă©tĂ© analysĂ©s grĂące Ă  l’outil de calcul PAMPA. Les rĂ©sultats sont synthĂ©tisĂ©s sous forme de tableau de bord par objectif de gestion relatif Ă  la conservation de la biodiversitĂ© et la gestion des ressources de la pĂȘche. - 171 espĂšces de poissons (et 1 espĂšce de tortue) appartenant Ă  33 familles ont Ă©tĂ© observĂ©es. Deux familles sont vues sur plus de 95% de stations : poissons-chirurgiens et labres. Huit autres familles sont vues sur 50 Ă  95% des stations : poissons-perroquets, loches, balistes, lutjans, poissons-papillons, rougets-barbets, bossus/becs et poissons-ange. - L’état de santĂ© du corail est bon, avec des recouvrements en corail vivant Ă©levĂ©s (62% en moyenne sur l’habitat Corail vivant), surtout Ă  Astrolabe, mais quasiment pas de corail branchu. Les requins et le poisson-napolĂ©on sont frĂ©quemment observĂ©s, ainsi que les carangues. - Les peuplements de poissons sont diversifiĂ©s et trĂšs abondants, notamment sur l’habitat Corail vivant. Ils sont trĂšs gĂ©nĂ©ralement plus abondants que sur le reste de la Grande Terre, particuliĂšrement pour les rĂ©cifs d’Astrolabe. Tous les groupes trophiques sont abondants sur la zone, Ă  l’exception des espĂšces planctonophages, dont l’abondance est moyenne. Les espĂšces piscivores sont trĂšs abondantes. - La plupart des mĂ©triques liĂ©es aux ressources de la pĂȘche montrent des ressources abondantes, particuliĂšrement sur les rĂ©cifs d’Astrolabe. - L’état de santĂ© de l’habitat corallien et des peuplements  associĂ©s apparaĂźt exceptionnel Ă  Astrolabe, et gĂ©nĂ©ralement bon Ă  PĂ©trie et Ă  Walpole.

    A regionally scalable habitat typology for assessing benthic habitats and fish communities: Application to New Caledonia reefs and lagoons

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    Scalable assessments of biodiversity are required to successfully and adaptively manage coastal ecosystems. Assessments must account for habitat variations at multiple spatial scales, including the small scales (<100 m) at which biotic and abiotic habitat components structure the distribution of fauna, including fishes. Associated challenges include achieving consistent habitat descriptions and upscaling from in situ‐monitored stations to larger scales. We developed a methodology for (a) determining habitat types consistent across scales within large management units, (b) characterizing heterogeneities within each habitat, and (c) predicting habitat from new survey data. It relies on clustering techniques and supervised classification rules and was applied to a set of 3,145 underwater video observations of fish and benthic habitats collected in all reef and lagoon habitats around New Caledonia. A baseline habitat typology was established with five habitat types clearly characterized by abiotic and biotic attributes. In a complex mosaic of habitats, habitat type is an indispensable covariate for explaining spatial variations in fish communities. Habitat types were further described by 26 rules capturing the range of habitat features encountered. Rules provided intuitive habitat descriptions and predicted habitat type for new monitoring observations, both straightforwardly and with known confidence. Images are convenient for interacting with managers and stakeholders. Our scheme is (a) consistent at the scale of New Caledonia reefs and lagoons (1.4 million km2) and (b) ubiquitous by providing data in all habitats, for example, showcasing a substantial fish abundance in rarely monitored soft‐bottom habitats. Both features must be part of an ecosystem‐based monitoring strategy relevant for management. This is the first study applying data mining techniques to in situ measurements to characterize coastal habitats over regional‐scale management areas. This approach can be applied to other types of observations and other ecosystems to characterize and predict local ecological assets for assessments at larger scales

    The human Semaphorin 6B gene is down regulated by PPARs

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    Article dans revue scientifique avec comité de lecture. internationale.International audienceThe peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are ligand-inducible transcription factors and belong to the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily. They form heterodimers with the retinoid X receptor and bind to specific peroxisome proliferator-response elements. The latter are direct repeat elements of two hexanucleotides with the consensus sequence TG(A/T)CCT separated by a single nucleotide spacer. Such a sequence, or a similar one, has been found in numerous PPAR-inducible genes. We developed an affinity method to isolate human genomic fragments containing binding sites for PPARs and to identify novel PPAR target genes. For this, an antibody raised against all PPAR subtypes was used. Immunoselected fragments were amplified and sequenced and one of them, ISF5148, was found to bind specifically to PPARs in gel mobility shift, supershift, and competition assays and to exhibit a down transregulation potentiality in transfection experiments under clofibrate (a PPARalpha agonist) treatment. ISF5148 was mapped by BLAST analysis 8.5 kb upstream of the human semaphorin 6B [(HSA)SEMA6B] gene. The latter encodes a member of the semaphorin family of axon guidance molecules. Expression of this gene in human glioblastoma T98G cells was strongly down regulated after treatment with clofibrate or Wy-14,643, two PPARalpha agonists. Our study establishes for the first time that PPAR activators diminish the expression of the human (HSA)SEMA6B gene. These data are relevant to the fact that PPARs are implicated in brain development, neuronal differentiation, and lipid metabolism in the central nervous system. In addition, cross talk between the peroxisome proliferator and retinoic acid pathways is suggested

    Evaluation de l’impact de l’activitĂ© de croisiĂšre sur l’habitat et les peuplements de poissons de la Baie d’Easo-Xepenehe, Lifou. Campagne de stations vidĂ©o rotatives STAVIRO 2014

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    This study is conducted within the AMBIO project, focused on the biodiversity of New Caledonian lagoons. It aims at assessing the ecological impact of touristic cruises in the Baie du Santal at Lifou Island. A survey conducted in 2014 using the remote unbaited underwater video STAVIRO rotating technique, enabled to validate 133 stations, which were then analyzed to characterize the habitat surrounding each station, and fish communities, based on a list of 565 fish species. 15 indicators were computed and mapped (maps available on a Sextant server). They were analysed using the PAMPA computing tool. Outcomes were organized in a dashboard for each management objective (biodiversity conservation and fisheries management). 122 fish species (plus turtle and sea snake), belonging to 23 families were observed. Five families were observed at more than 60% of stations: triggerfish (90% of stations), butterflyfish, surgeonfish, goatfish and parrotfish. The fish assemblage is diversified, particularly in the Jinek area. In the mooring area, habitat is destroyed within a 200m radius, and degraded until a 400m distance. Degradation is higher than in 2009. Fish area directly impacted by habitat destruction. Indirect degradation is also observed. In the swimming area, coral reefs are moderately impacted, whereas fish assemblage is diversified, with species indicating a good ecological status. Overall, the status of fish resources is poor, and even bad for commercial species. It is recommended to : a) ensure that future developments of cruise activity will not increase impacts: b) definitively ban mooring in the second location where biodiversity is still preserved; c) limit the number of swimmers and supervise practices in Jinek; and d) to monitor and assess fishing activities.Cette Ă©tude est conduite dans le cadre du projet AMBIO sur la biodiversitĂ© des lagons de Nouvelle-CalĂ©donie. Elle vise Ă  Ă©valuer dans la Baie du Santal Ă  Lifou, Iles LoyautĂ©s, l’impact Ă©cologique du mouillage et de la frĂ©quentation du littoral par les croisiĂ©ristes des paquebots, une activitĂ© en plein dĂ©veloppement en Nouvelle-CalĂ©donie. Une campagne de vidĂ©o rotative STAVIRO a Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©e en 2014 qui a permis de valider 133 stations Ă  des profondeurs de 2 Ă  37m. Leur analyse a permis de caractĂ©riser l’habitat environnant chaque station, ainsi que les communautĂ©s de poissons sur la base d’une liste de 565 espĂšces. 15 indicateurs ont Ă©tĂ© calculĂ©s et reprĂ©sentĂ©s sous forme de carte disponible sur un serveur Sextant. Ils ont Ă©tĂ© analysĂ©s grĂące Ă  l’outil de calcul PAMPA. Les rĂ©sultats sont synthĂ©tisĂ©s sous forme de tableau de bord par objectif de gestion relatif Ă  la conservation de la biodiversitĂ© et la gestion des ressources de la pĂȘche. 122 espĂšces de poissons (plus tortue et serpent), appartenant Ă  23 familles ont Ă©tĂ© observĂ©es. Cinq familles sont vues sur plus de 60% des stations : balistes (90% des stations), poissons-papillons, chirurgiens, rougets-barbets et perroquets. Le peuplement apparaĂźt diversifiĂ© dans l’ensemble, et surtout dans la zone de Jinek situĂ©e Ă  l’ouest. Dans la zone d’ancrage, l’habitat est dĂ©truit dans un rayon de 200m autour du point de mouillage ; et dĂ©gradĂ© jusqu’à une distance de 400m. La dĂ©gradation est plus importante qu’en 2009. Les poissons sont directement impactĂ©s par la destruction de l’habitat corallien. Des signes de dĂ©gradation indirecte de l’habitat sont Ă©galement visibles. Dans la zone de baignade des croisiĂ©ristes, le corail est modĂ©rĂ©ment impactĂ©, mais encore prĂ©servĂ©, tandis que le peuplement de poissons apparait diversifiĂ©, avec des espĂšces indicatrices d’un bon Ă©tat Ă©cologique. Sur l’ensemble de la zone d’étude, l’état des ressources de la pĂȘche est mĂ©diocre, voire mauvais pour les espĂšces commerciales. Il est recommandĂ© : a) de s’assurer que l’évolution future de la frĂ©quentation par les paquebots n’augmentera pas les impacts ;b) de ne plus utiliser la zone de mouillage secondaire, encore prĂ©servĂ©e, c) de limiter le nombre et encadrer les pratiques des baigneurs Ă  Jinek ; et d) de suivre et Ă©valuer l’activitĂ© de pĂȘche

    Effects of PPAR and RXR ligands in semaphorin 6B gene expression of human MCF-7 breast cancer cells.

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    This study tests the hypothesis that the activators of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) and 9-cis-retinoic acid receptor (RXR) regulate human semaphorin 6B (Sema6B) gene expression. The human MCF-7 breast adenocarcinoma cell line was chosen because it expresses Sema6B at a high level. The Sema 6B mRNA level was analysed by RT-PCR and the semaphorin 6B protein content was determined using a polyclonal antibody that we have produced and characterized. Treatments with fenofibrate (a PPAR alpha activator) and troglitazone (a PPARgamma ligand) strongly decreased the Sema6B mRNA. The drop in Sema 6B mRNA level and in protein content was more important when the treatment combined the action of fenofibrate or troglitazone and 9-cis-retinoic aid. On the other hand, no significant change was observed in the Sema 6B mRNA and protein levels when the cells were exposed to the combined action of GW610742 (a PPARbeta activator) and 9-cis-retinoic acid. These data suggest that PPARalpha/RXR and PPARgamma/RXR heterodimers are involved in the regulation of Sema6B gene expression and open new perspectives concerning the participation of these nuclear receptors in cell recognition and migration
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