4,446 research outputs found
Key AI Competences by 2035: A Taxonomy for Firms
Our research examines the transformative changes that AI systems already bring about and are projected to cause in the future. These transformations are often referred to as ‘a fourth industrial revolution’ (Schwab, 2016; cf. Brynjolfsson & McAfee, 2014; Raisch & Krakowski, 2021). For the purposes of this foresight exercise, we assume that AI is likely to be a ‘general-purpose technology’ (Brynjolfsson et al., 2019; cf. Lipsey et al., 2005), similar to technologies such as the steam engine, electrification, and computing. The overall research questions that this project aims to address are: What are the effects of AI on companies by 2035? Does the advent of AI necessitate changes in the organisational design of companies? What are the corresponding key competences that companies need? In this paper, we propose a taxonomy that addresses the last question: what are the key competences for firms on an organisational level to be prepared for AI systems
Statistics of turbulence in the energy-containing range of Taylor-Couette compared to canonical wall-bounded flows
Considering structure functions of the streamwise velocity component in a
framework akin to the extended self-similarity hypothesis (ESS), de Silva
\textit{et al.} (\textit{J. Fluid Mech.}, vol. 823,2017, pp. 498-510) observed
that remarkably the \textit{large-scale} (energy-containing range) statistics
in canonical wall bounded flows exhibit universal behaviour. In the present
study, we extend this universality, which was seen to encompass also flows at
moderate Reynolds number, to Taylor-Couette flow. In doing so, we find that
also the transversal structure function of the spanwise velocity component
exhibits the same universal behaviour across all flow types considered. We
further demonstrate that these observations are consistent with predictions
developed based on an attached-eddy hypothesis. These considerations also yield
a possible explanation for the efficacy of the ESS framework by showing that it
relaxes the self-similarity assumption for the attached eddy contributions. By
taking the effect of streamwise alignment into account, the attached eddy model
predicts different behaviour for structure functions in the streamwise and in
the spanwise directions and that this effect cancels in the ESS-framework ---
both consistent with the data. Moreover, it is demonstrated here that also the
additive constants, which were previously believed to be flow dependent, are
indeed universal at least in turbulent boundary layers and pipe flow where
high-Reynolds number data are currently available.Comment: accepted in J. Fluid Mec
VegaProf: Profiling Vega Visualizations
Vega is a popular domain-specific language (DSL) for visualization
specification. At runtime, Vega's DSL is first transformed into a dataflow
graph and then functions to render visualization primitives. While the Vega
abstraction of implementation details simplifies visualization creation, it
also makes Vega visualizations challenging to debug and profile without
adequate tools. Our formative interviews with three practitioners at Sigma
Computing showed that existing developer tools are not suited for visualization
profiling as they are disconnected from the semantics of the Vega DSL
specification and its resulting dataflow graph. We introduce VegaProf, the
first performance profiler for Vega visualizations. VegaProf effectively
instruments the Vega library by associating the declarative specification with
its compilation and execution. Using interactive visualizations, VegaProf
enables visualization engineers to interactively profile visualization
performance at three abstraction levels: function, dataflow graph, and
visualization specification. Our evaluation through two use cases and feedback
from five visualization engineers at Sigma Computing shows that VegaProf makes
visualization profiling tractable and actionable.Comment: Submitted to EuroVis'2
Quantum error suppression with subgroup stabilisation projectors
Quantum state purification is the functionality that, given multiple copies of an unknown state, outputs a state with increased purity. This is an essential building block for near- and middle-term quantum ecosystems before the availability of full fault tolerance, where one may want to suppress errors not only in expectation values but also in quantum states. We propose an effective state purification gadget with a moderate quantum overhead by projecting noisy quantum inputs to their symmetric subspace defined by a set of projectors forming a symmetric subgroup with order . Our method, applied in every short evolution over redundant copies of noisy states, can suppress both coherent and stochastic errors by a factor of . This reduces the circuit implementation cost times smaller than the state projection to the full symmetric subspace proposed more than two decades ago by Barenco et al. We also show that our gadget purifies the depolarised inputs with probability to asymptotically with an optimal choice of when is small. Our method provides flexible choices of state purification depending on the hardware restrictions before fully fault-tolerant computing is available. Our method may also find its application in designing robust verification protocols for quantum outputs
kMap.py: A Python program for simulation and data analysis in photoemission tomography
For organic molecules adsorbed as well-oriented ultra-thin films on metallic
surfaces, angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy has evolved into a
technique called photoemission tomography (PT). By approximating the final
state of the photoemitted electron as a free electron, PT uses the angular
dependence of the photocurrent, a so-called momentum map or k-map, and
interprets it as the Fourier transform of the initial state's molecular
orbital, thereby gains insights into the geometric and electronic structure of
organic/metal interfaces.
In this contribution, we present kMap.py which is a Python program that
enables the user, via a PyQt-based graphical user interface, to simulate
photoemission momentum maps of molecular orbitals and to perform a one-to-one
comparison between simulation and experiment. Based on the plane wave
approximation for the final state, simulated momentum maps are computed
numerically from a fast Fourier transform of real space molecular orbital
distributions, which are used as program input and taken from density
functional calculations. The program allows the user to vary a number of
simulation parameters such as the final state kinetic energy, the molecular
orientation or the polarization state of the incident light field. Moreover,
also experimental photoemission data can be loaded into the program enabling a
direct visual comparison as well as an automatic optimization procedure to
determine structural parameters of the molecules or weights of molecular
orbitals contributions. With an increasing number of experimental groups
employing photoemission tomography to study adsorbate layers, we expect kMap.py
to serve as an ideal analysis software to further extend the applicability of
PT
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