Systematic Review of the Incidence of and Risk Factors for Urothelial Cancers and Renal Cell Carcinoma Among Patients with Haematuria

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Validation of a 2-gene mRNA urine test for the detection of >= GG2 prostate cancer in an opportunistic screening population

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Ablation energies for focal treatment of prostate cancer

Context: In recent years, focal therapy has emerged as a treatment option for a selected group of men with localized prostate cancer. Cryotherapy and high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) are the most investigated types of focal treatment with other options currently under evaluation. Objective: The objective of the study was to give a comprehensive overview of six available focal treatment options for prostate cancer with their rationale, delivery mechanism, and outcomes. Information acquisition: The SIU ICUD chapter on available Energies to Treat Prostate Cancer was used as a guide to describe the different technologies. For outcomes, a literature search was conducted using PubMed key words including focal therapy, HIFU, cryotherapy, irreversible electroporation, vascular-targeted photodynamic therapy, laser interstitial therapy, radiofrequency ablation, microwave therapy, and their synonyms in MeSH terms. Conclusion: Focal therapy appears to have encouraging outcomes on quality of life and urinary and erectile function. For oncological outcomes, it is challenging to fully interpret the outcomes due to heterogeneity in patient selection and short-term follow-up

MP67-05 LAROSCOPIC RADICAL PROSTATECTOMY USING A REAL-TIME LYMPHANGIOGRAPHY WITH TRANSPERINEAL INJECTION OF INDOCYANINE GREEN: RESULTS FROM A PROSPECTIVE STUDY

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: Current standard imaging procedures have limited ability to predict lymph node (LN) involvement in clinically localized prostate cancer (PCa) and extended pelvic lymph node dissection (ePLND) during radical prostatectomy (RP) remains the most accurate staging procedure. However, meticulous ePLND is time-consuming and associated with an increased risk of morbidity. In order to improve these aspects, sentinel LN mapping with different guided techniques has been proposed over the years. The primary aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of indocyanine green (ICG)-guided ePLND to assess regional LN status in patients who underwent RP. Secondary objective is to evaluate the potential role of a selective ICG lymph node dissection (LND) in patients with 64 2 LN metastasis which according to the literature are those who may more benefit from ePLND. METHODS: Data about 226 consecutive patients underwent laparoscopic RP with ICG-guided ePLND at our Department were prospectively evaluated. A solution of 25 mg ICG in 5 ml sterile water was transperineally injected. PLND started with the ICG stained nodes followed by extended template. Primary outcome measures were sensitivity (S), negative predictive value (NPV) and likelihood ratio of a negative test (LRn) of ICG-guided procedure. To our knowledge this study shows data about the largest cohort of patients underwent ICG-guided ePLND. RESULTS: Overall, median age of patients was 64.8 years with a median PSA of 6.6 ng/ml. Extracapsular disease occurred in 50.9% of patients, Gleason score 65 8 was reported in 11.9% cases and positive surgical margins rate was 24.3%. Median number of nodes retrieved was 22 (IQR 16-27) and median number of ICG stained per patient nodes was 6 (IQR 4-9). Overall 4939 nodes were removed and 1599 (32.4%) were fluorescent in vivo. Node-positive disease was found in 58 (25.7%), of which 53 (91.4%) had some of the metastatic LNs stained by ICG, while 5 (8.6%) were false negative. Therefore 97.8% of the sample was properly classified by ICG-guided ePNLD (S: 91.4%, NPV: 97.1% and LRn: 8.6%). Considering 209 (92.5%) patients with 0, 1 or 2 metastatic LNs, 39 (18.7%) had a node-positive disease of which 34 (87.2%) had metastatic ICG stained LNs. Again, 97.6% were properly classified by ICG approach (S: 87.2%, NPV: 97.1% and LRn: 12.8%). These 39 node-positive patients had a total of 48 metastatic LNs and all except 9 (18.8%) were fluorescent in vivo (S: 81.2%). CONCLUSIONS: ICG guidance correctly stage 97% of cases. Furthermore, its high NPV will allow to avoid ePLND as soon as an accurate intraoperative analysis is available. Among those patients in whom the LND may have a potentially curative role, ICG alone would have lost only 9 metastatic LNs. This suggest that maybe there is a place for selective LND in patients with limited LN metastatic burden

Revisiting Delphi to Create a Basis for the Future of Focal Therapy for Prostate Cancer

Prostate cancer (PCa) is a disease that exhibits het- erogeneity in terms of its clinical behavior [1]. There- fore, it is not surprising that heterogeneity also affects the way we treat PCa. Radical treatments such as radical prostatectomy (RP) and radiation therapy (RT) have for years been consid- ered the standard of care for most men with non-meta- static PCa [2,3]. During the last 120 years, many changes regarding surgical and radiation techniques have arose to reduce morbidity and improve oncological and func- tional outcomes [4]. However, despite all of the effort behind these advances, the negative effects on sexual, urinary and bowel function remain unsolved [5]

Validation of a 2‐gene mRNA urine test for the detection of ≥GG2 prostate cancer in an opportunistic screening population

Background A 2-gene urine-based molecular test that targets messenger RNAs known to be overexpressed in aggressive prostate cancer (PCa) has been described as a helpful method for detecting clinically significant prostate cancer (grade group [GG] >= 2). We performed an external validation of this test in men undergoing initial prostate biopsy (Bx) within a Spanish opportunistic screening scenario. Methods We analyzed archived samples from 492 men who underwent prostate Bx in an opportunistic screening scenario, with prostate-specific antigen (PSA) 3 to 10 ng/mL and/or suspicious digital rectal exploration (DRE) and without previous multi-parametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI). Urinary biomarker measurements were combined with clinical risk factors to determine a risk score, and accuracy for GG >= 2 PCa detection was compared with PCA3, European randomized screening in prostate cancer (ERSPC), and prostate biopsy collaborative group (PBCG) risk calculators in a validation workup that included calibration, discrimination, and clinical utility analysis. Results In our cohort, the detection rates for GG1 and GG >= 2 PCa were 20.3% and 14.0%, respectively. The median PSA level was 3.9 ng/mL and 13.4% of subjects had suspicious DRE findings. The median risk score for men with GG >= 2 PCa was 21 (interquartile range: 14-28), significantly higher than benign+GG1 PCa (10, 6-18), P = 2 PCa. Conclusions In this first evaluation in an opportunistic screening population, the urinary biomarker-based test improved the detection of clinically significant PCa. Facing men with elevated PSA and/or suspicious DRE, it could be a useful tool to help avoid excess initial Bx and to identify patients most likely to benefit from Bx

Validation of a 2-gene mRNA urine test for the detection of >= GG2 prostate cancer in an opportunistic screening population

Background A 2-gene urine-based molecular test that targets messenger RNAs known to be overexpressed in aggressive prostate cancer (PCa) has been described as a helpful method for detecting clinically significant prostate cancer (grade group [GG] >= 2). We performed an external validation of this test in men undergoing initial prostate biopsy (Bx) within a Spanish opportunistic screening scenario. Methods We analyzed archived samples from 492 men who underwent prostate Bx in an opportunistic screening scenario, with prostate-specific antigen (PSA) 3 to 10 ng/mL and/or suspicious digital rectal exploration (DRE) and without previous multi-parametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI). Urinary biomarker measurements were combined with clinical risk factors to determine a risk score, and accuracy for GG >= 2 PCa detection was compared with PCA3, European randomized screening in prostate cancer (ERSPC), and prostate biopsy collaborative group (PBCG) risk calculators in a validation workup that included calibration, discrimination, and clinical utility analysis. Results In our cohort, the detection rates for GG1 and GG >= 2 PCa were 20.3% and 14.0%, respectively. The median PSA level was 3.9 ng/mL and 13.4% of subjects had suspicious DRE findings. The median risk score for men with GG >= 2 PCa was 21 (interquartile range: 14-28), significantly higher than benign+GG1 PCa (10, 6-18), P = 2 PCa. Conclusions In this first evaluation in an opportunistic screening population, the urinary biomarker-based test improved the detection of clinically significant PCa. Facing men with elevated PSA and/or suspicious DRE, it could be a useful tool to help avoid excess initial Bx and to identify patients most likely to benefit from Bx

Outcomes of salvage radical prostatectomy after initial irreversible electroporation treatment for recurrent prostate cancer

Objective: To evaluate: (i) safety, (ii) feasibility, and medium-term (iii) oncological and (iv) functional outcomes of salvage radical prostatectomy (sRP) for recurrent localised prostate cancer (PCa) following initial focal therapy using irreversible electroporation (IRE). Patients and Methods: An international, multicentre and retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data of patients that underwent sRP for recurrent localised PCa after initial primary IRE treatment. Data were reported on (i) surgical complications, (ii) feasibility of sRP reported by surgeons, (iii) time interval between IRE and sRP and pathology results, and (iv) urinary continence, erectile function, and quality of life. Results: In four participating centres, a total of 39 patients with a median (interquartile range [IQR]) age 64 (60–67) years were identified. No serious adverse events occurred during or following sRP and surgery was deemed feasible without difficulties. The median (IQR) time to recurrence following IRE was 14.3 (9.1–38.8) months. Pathology results showed localised disease in 21 patients (53.8%) and locally-advanced disease in 18 (46.2%). Positive surgical margins (PSMs) were observed in 10 patients (25.6%), of which six (15.4%) had significant PSMs. A persistent detectable prostate-specific antigen level was found in one case after sRP, caused by metastatic disease. One patient had a biochemical recurrence 6 months after sRP. These two cases, together with a PSM case, required additional therapy after sRP. After a median (IQR) follow-up of 17.7 (11.8–26.4) months, urinary continence and erectile function were preserved in 34 (94.4%) and 18 patients (52.9%), respectively, while quality of life remained stable. Conclusions: Salvage RP is safe and feasible for patients with recurrent localised PCa following initial IRE treatment. The medium-term oncological and functional outcomes are similar to primary RP. Strict patient selection for focal therapy and standardised follow-up is needed as some patients developed high-grade disease