Dicephalus dipus dibrachius twins: report of an autopsy case

Dicephalus dipus dibrachius twins are a rare form of conjoined twins. An autopsy of conjoined dicephalus twins is reported. The diagnosis was performed during the pregnancy and the family received a judicial authorization for termination of pregnancy. The preterm newborn progressed to cardiac arrest and died following a court order to terminate the pregnancy. The conceptus presented two arms, two legs, a trunk, two heads, and a single umbilical cord. The two spinal columns presented vertebral fusion in the sacral region. The heart exhibited complex malformations. The external genitalia were female; and cytogenetic analysis confirmed female sex (46, XX). This analysis also corroborated the etiopathogenic hypotheses described for this abnormality, which proposes failures in embryonic formation rather than specific chromosomal alterations. Current identification of cases by ultrasound permits medical management and multidisciplinary action with the family, enabling the legal termination of pregnancy

Fas-ligand and caspase-3 positivity in three cases of histiocytic sarcoma: a different etiopathogenic pathway?

Histiocytic sarcoma (HS) is a rare malignant neoplasia of hematopoietic origin and unknown etiology. We studied three patients with histiocytic sarcoma reviewing the morphological and immunohistochemical aspects. We evaluated in particular, if apoptosis may be unbalanced in this disease. All cases have morphological and immunohistochemical features consistent with the diagnosis of histiocytic sarcoma. The markers CD163, CD68, vimentin, lysozyme, and S-100 were positive in all cases. Similarly, the three samples were positive for Fas-ligand and Caspase-3. It is well-known that neoplasms may induce increased levels of Fas-ligand with the blockade of the apoptosis process. In the context of HS, the increased Fas-ligand expression represents a new area for research. Indeed, it is linked to proinflammatory stimulus and, maybe with the association of an infection

Fas-ligand and caspase-3 positivity in three cases of histiocytic sarcoma: a different etiopathogenic pathway?

Histiocytic sarcoma (HS) is a rare malignant neoplasia of hematopoietic origin and unknown etiology. We studied three patients with histiocytic sarcoma reviewing the morphological and immunohistochemical aspects. We evaluated in particular, if apoptosis may be unbalanced in this disease. All cases have morphological and immunohistochemical features consistent with the diagnosis of histiocytic sarcoma. The markers CD163, CD68, vimentin, lysozyme, and S-100 were positive in all cases. Similarly, the three samples were positive for Fas-ligand and Caspase-3. It is well-known that neoplasms may induce increased levels of Fas-ligand with the blockade of the apoptosis process. In the context of HS, the increased Fas-ligand expression represents a new area for research. Indeed, it is linked to proinflammatory stimulus and, maybe with the association of an infection

Fat grafting: Lipofragmentation X Liposuction

Introduction: Aiming to obtain autogenous and injectable lipografts from resected tissues in dermolipectomies, this study proposes a new method for harvesting and processing adipose tissue through a specific fragmenting device. The main objective was to establish a comparative analysis of the quality and viability characteristics of the new lipofragmentation technique and those of the well-known liposuction technique, widely accepted as a viable source of fat grafting. In vivo and in vitro assays were designed to evaluate the biological behavior of the samples to guide new and possible human studies with clinical applications. Methods: A post-bariatric patient who underwent abdominal dermolipectomy had her surgical specimen resected, which was divided into four parts that underwent liposuction and lipofragmentation, with and without prior infiltration. All samples were centrifuged and distributed for assays with assessments involving histological analysis, immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry, cell culture, and xenograft injection on the back of 10 Wistar rats, which was evaluated after six weeks for mass, volume, and histological features. Results: The structural characteristics and biological behaviors of fragmented, dry, and infiltrated fat samples were similar to those of liposuction samples. Conclusions: Fat fragmentation transformed the subcutaneous cellular tissue of dermolipectomies into a new, viable injectable lipograft variant, with biological characteristics similar to those of traditional liposuction. Although still preliminary, our results support further investigations to optimize the technique and improve fat grafting and its possible applications in regenerative medicine

AVALIAÇÃO DA EFICIÊNCIA ANTIBACTERIANA DE EXTRATO DE Lentinula edodes E DA SOLUÇÃO AQUOSA DO LÁTEX DE Euphorbia tirucalli FRENTE À BACTÉRIA Streptococcus agalactiae: ESTUDOS PRELIMINARES

Streptococcus agalactiae é agente causador de enfermidades em seres humanos e animais, sendo uma das principais causas de mastite bovina e perdas econômicas para os produtores leiteiros. Ademais, este patógeno tem apresentado resistência a antimicrobianos que são amplamente utilizados nos diferentes setores de produção animal. Diante disto, métodos alternativos de tratamento têm sido investigados visando o combate desta bactéria, dentre estes fitoterápicos e fungos. Dois agentes terapêuticos: Lentinula edodes e Euphorbia tirucalli têm demonstrado bons resultados como antimicrobianos e imunoestimulantes contra outros patógenos. Entretanto, não há estudos que comprovem a eficácia destes agentes frente S. agalatiae. Portanto o objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a ação antimicrobiana de extrato de Lentinula edodes e Solução aquosa de Euphorbia tirucalli obtidos destes agentes contra S. agalactiae. Foram utilizadas 25 bactérias pertencentes ao banco de cultura do Laboratório de Microbiologia da UFLA, isoladas de mastite bovina e uma amostra ATCC BAA – 611como controle positivo dos testes. O método de concentração inibitória mínima (CIM) foi realizado para avaliar a eficiência dos extratos contra S. agalactiae utilizando uma faixa de concentração de 1000 μg/mL a 15,65 μg/mL, de cada um dos extratos. Não foi observada inibição de crescimento em nenhuma das amostras avaliadas, portanto as concentrações estudadas dos agentes não foram eficazes contra S. agalactiae.  Palavras-chave: mastite bovina. Fungo shiitake, coroa de cristo, GBS, Concentração inibitória mínima

Teratoma With Mediastinal Embryonic Carcinoma Concomiting Hystiocytic Sarcoma In The Bone Marrow

Background: Association of extragonadal germ cell tumors EGCT with haematological malignancies is rare with a very limited prognosis. Methods and findings: We report a case of a man, 21 years old, with progressive dyspnea, chest pain, night sweats, generalized edema, hemoptysis, pancytopenia and increased serum levels of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), beta-fraction of the hormone chorionic gonodotrophin (beta-HCG) and lactic dehydrogenase. Chest computed tomography described a mediastinum mass measuring 11.3 x 7.3 cm whose biopsy revealed malignant germ cell neoplasia expressing positivity for cytokeratin, CD30 and AFP, indicating an embryonal carcinoma with teratoma. Bone marrow biopsy revealed interstitial infiltration by malignant neoplastic cells positive for CD68, CD163 and lysozyme, allowing the diagnosis of histiocytic sarcoma. The patient had a poor evolution, with death, sixteen days after admission. Conclusion: Histiocytic proliferations are very rare and rapidly fatal. Etiopathogenic theories for the simultaneity of these malignancies have been described based on processes of transformation from a same cellular precursor

Solitary fibrous tumor with atypical histological features occurring in the palatine tonsil: an uncommon neoplasm in an uncommon site

Solitary fibrous tumor (SFT) is an uncommon mesenchymal neoplasm that usually arises in the pleura. Although this tumor has been described in other sites, including the head and neck area, in the oropharynx it is extremely rare. We report the first case of a SFT arising from the palatine tonsil of a 62-year-old man. The tumor consisted of spindle-shaped cells distributed in a haphazard pattern and presented atypical histological features such as hypercellular areas and high mitotic count. Immunohistochemical studies showed strong positivity for CD34 and bcl-2, and weak positivity for desmin. Smooth muscle actin, S-100 protein and cytokeratines were negative. The patient was well without disease 1 year after surgery