Spontaneous emission of radiation by metallic electrons in the presence of electromagnetic fields of surface plasmon oscillations

The spontaneous emission of radiation of metallic electrons embedded in a high-intensity enhanced surface plasmon field is considered analytically. The electrons are described by exact dressed quantum states which contain the interaction with the plasmon field non-perturbatively. Considerable deviations from the pertubative behaviour have been found in the intensity dependence of the emitted fundamental and the second harmonic signals, even at moderate incoming laser intensities. The theoretical predictions deduced from the formalism are in good qualitative agreement with the experimental results.Comment: 23 pages, 6 figure

UV-induced photooxidation of phenyl urea pesticides toxicology aspects

Phenylurea herbicides, like diuron, monuron, linuron, are photosynthesis inhibitors killing the entire plant by this effect. These pesticides and their intermediates formed due to their UV induced transformation could be toxic and carcinogenic to animals and humans. Thus, the investigation of the UV induced transformation of these phenyl urea pesticides from toxicology aspects is suitable. In this work, the ecotoxicology effect of the multicomponent solutions formed during the UV photolysis (254 nm) was investigated by Daphtoxkit F™ Magna and Algaltoxkit F™. The genotoxicology effect of the multicomponent solutions was investigated using the Ames tests

Current whole-body MRI applications in the neurofibromatoses

ObjectivesThe Response Evaluation in Neurofibromatosis and Schwannomatosis (REiNS) International Collaboration Whole-Body MRI (WB-MRI) Working Group reviewed the existing literature on WB-MRI, an emerging technology for assessing disease in patients with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2), and schwannomatosis (SWN), to recommend optimal image acquisition and analysis methods to enable WB-MRI as an endpoint in NF clinical trials.MethodsA systematic process was used to review all published data about WB-MRI in NF syndromes to assess diagnostic accuracy, feasibility and reproducibility, and data about specific techniques for assessment of tumor burden, characterization of neoplasms, and response to therapy.ResultsWB-MRI at 1.5T or 3.0T is feasible for image acquisition. Short tau inversion recovery (STIR) sequence is used in all investigations to date, suggesting consensus about the utility of this sequence for detection of WB tumor burden in people with NF. There are insufficient data to support a consensus statement about the optimal imaging planes (axial vs coronal) or 2D vs 3D approaches. Functional imaging, although used in some NF studies, has not been systematically applied or evaluated. There are no comparative studies between regional vs WB-MRI or evaluations of WB-MRI reproducibility.ConclusionsWB-MRI is feasible for identifying tumors using both 1.5T and 3.0T systems. The STIR sequence is a core sequence. Additional investigation is needed to define the optimal approach for volumetric analysis, the reproducibility of WB-MRI in NF, and the diagnostic performance of WB-MRI vs regional MRI

Evaluation of quality of life in adults with neurofibromatosis 1 (NF1) using the Impact of NF1 on Quality Of Life (INF1-QOL) questionnaire

Background Neurofibromatosis 1 (NF1) is an inherited, multi-system, tumour suppressor disorder with variable complications that cause psychological distress and social isolation. The study aim was to develop and validate a disease-specific questionnaire to measure quality of life (QOL) in NF1 that is suitable both as an assessment tool in clinical practice and in clinical trials of novel therapy. Methods The Impact of NF1 on Quality of Life (INF1-QOL) questionnaire was developed by a literature search for common terms, focus group (n=6), semi-structured interviews (n=21), initial drafts (n =50) and final 14 item questionnaire (n=50). Bivariate correlations between items, exploratory factor analysis, correlations with severity and EuroQol were employed. Results INF1-QOL showed good internal reliability (Cronbach’s alpha 0.87), mean total INF1-QOL score was 8.64 (SD 6.3), median 7.00, range 0-30 (possible range 0-42); no significant correlations with age or gender. The mean total EuroQol score was 7.38 (SD 2.87), median 6.5, mean global EuroQol score was 76.34 (SD 16.56), median 80. Total INF1-QOL score correlated with total EuroQol r=0.82, p<0.0001. The highest impact on QOL was moderate or severe problems with anxiety and depression (32%) and negative effects of NF1 on role and outlook on life (42%). The mean inter-relater reliability for grading of clinical severity scores was 0.71 (range 0.65-0.79), and intra-class correlation was 0.92. The mean clinical severity score was 1.95 (SD 0.65) correlating r=0.34 with total INF1-QOL score p<0.05 and correlated 0.37 with total EuroQol score p<0.01. The clinical severity score was mild in 17 (34%), moderate in 16 (32%) and 17 (34%) individuals had severe disease. Conclusions INF1-QOL is a validated, reliable disease specific questionnaire that is easy and quick to complete. Role and outlook on life and anxiety and depression have the highest impact on QOL indicating the variability, severity and unpredictability of NF1. INFI-QOL correlates moderately with clinical severity. The moderate relationship between INF1-QOL and physician rated severity emphasizes the difference between clinical and patient perception. INFI-QOL will be useful in individual patient assessment and as an outcome measure for clinical trials