8,467 research outputs found
Two dynamic exponents in the resistive transition of fully frustrated Josephson-junction arrays
We study the resistive transition in Josephson-junction arrays at
flux quantum per plaquette by dynamical simulations of the
resistively-shunted-junction model. The current-voltage scaling and critical
dynamics of the phases are found to be well described by the same critical
temperature and static exponents as for the chiral (vortex-lattice) transition.
Although this behavior is consistent with a single transition scenario, where
phase and chiral variables order simultaneously, two different dynamic
exponents result for phase coherence and chiral order.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures, to appear in Europhysics Letter
Biocatalysis as Useful Tool in Asymmetric Synthesis: An Assessment of Recently Granted Patents (2014–2019)
The broad interdisciplinary nature of biocatalysis fosters innovation, as different technical fields are interconnected and synergized. A way to depict that innovation is by conducting a survey on patent activities. This paper analyses the intellectual property activities of the last five years (2014–2019) with a specific focus on biocatalysis applied to asymmetric synthesis. Furthermore, to reflect the inventive and innovative steps, only patents that were granted during that period are considered. Patent searches using several keywords (e.g., enzyme names) have been conducted by using several patent engine servers (e.g., Espacenet, SciFinder, Google Patents), with focus on granted patents during the period 2014–2019. Around 200 granted patents have been identified, covering all enzyme types. The inventive pattern focuses on the protection of novel protein sequences, as well as on new substrates. In some other cases, combined processes, multi-step enzymatic reactions, as well as process conditions are the innovative basis. Both industries and academic groups are active in patenting. As a conclusion of this survey, we can assert that biocatalysis is increasingly recognized as a useful tool for asymmetric synthesis and being considered as an innovative option to build IP and protect synthetic routes
Lagrangian Volume Deformations around Simulated Galaxies
We present a detailed analysis of the local evolution of 206 Lagrangian
Volumes (LVs) selected at high redshift around galaxy seeds, identified in a
large-volume cold dark matter (CDM) hydrodynamical
simulation. The LVs have a mass range of . We
follow the dynamical evolution of the density field inside these initially
spherical LVs from up to , witnessing highly
non-linear, anisotropic mass rearrangements within them, leading to the
emergence of the local cosmic web (CW). These mass arrangements have been
analysed in terms of the reduced inertia tensor , focusing on the
evolution of the principal axes of inertia and their corresponding
eigendirections, and paying particular attention to the times when the
evolution of these two structural elements declines. In addition, mass and
component effects along this process have also been investigated. We have found
that deformations are led by dark matter dynamics and they transform most of
the initially spherical LVs into prolate shapes, i.e. filamentary structures.
An analysis of the individual freezing-out time distributions for shapes and
eigendirections shows that first most of the LVs fix their three axes of
symmetry (like a skeleton) early on, while accretion flows towards them still
continue. Very remarkably, we have found that more massive LVs fix their
skeleton earlier on than less massive ones. We briefly discuss the
astrophysical implications our findings could have, including the galaxy
mass-morphology relation and the effects on the galaxy-galaxy merger parameter
space, among others.Comment: 23 pages, 20 figures. Minor editorial improvement
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