Histerektomija mliječne krave s produljenom maceracijom ploda - prikaz slučaja

A Simmental dairy cattle, aged seven years old, was presented with a history of foul smelling discharge from the external genitalia. According to the history, during the latest parturition the foetus had died in the uterus and was partially removed, but parts of the foetus had remained in the uterus for the following fourteen months. Gynaecological examination confirmed an open cervix. Trans-rectal palpation and ultrasound examination revealed extension, thickening and tension of the uterine wall and the presence of putrid parts of the foetus in the uterus. Attempts to remove the foetus by prostaglandin injections were futile, hence left side low flank hysterotomy was performed under cranial epidural anaesthesia and local infiltration anaesthesia. The foetal bones were removed and the other pathological contents were also removed. The cow gained weight and could subsequently be sent for slaughter. It was concluded that left flank hysterotomy can be useful for removal of macerated foetus from cows.Istražena je simentalska mliječna krava, u dobi od sedam godina, kod koje je u anamnezi istaknut iscjedak neugodna mirisa iz stidnice. Za vrijeme posljednjeg teljenja plod je uginuo u maternici i djelomično je uklonjen, dok su preostali njegovi dijelovi ostali u maternici sljedećih 14 mjeseci. Ginekološkim pregledom potvrđen je otvoren cerviks. Transrektalnom palpacijom i ultrazvukom otkriveno je opsežno proširenje, zadebljanje i napetost maternice te prisutnost raspadnutih dijelova ploda. Pokušaj vađenja ploda injekcijom prostaglandina bio je neuspješan stoga se histerektomija radila nisko na lijevom boku pod kranijalnom epiduralnom anestezijom i lokalnom infiltrirajućom anestezijom. Uklonjene su kosti ploda kao i preostali patološki sadržaj. Nakon zahvata, krava je dobila na tjelesnoj masi te je mogla biti upućena u klaonicu sa svrhom ekonomskog iskorištenja. Zaključeno je da histerektomija na lijevom boku može biti korisna pri uklanjanju maceriranih plodova kod krava

Planners in the Future City: Using City Information Modelling to Support Planners as Market Actors

Recently, Adams and Tiesdell (2010), Tewdwr-Jones (2012) and Batty (2013) have outlined the importance of information and intelligence in relation to the mediation and management of land, property and urban consumers in the future city. Traditionally, the challenge for urban planners was the generation of meaningful and timely information. Today, the urban planners’ challenge is no longer the timely generation of urban data, rather, it is in relation to how so much information can be exploited and integrated successfully into contemporary spatial planning and governance. The paper investigates this challenge through a commentary on two City Information Modelling (CIM) case studies at Northumbria University, UK. This commentary is grouped around four key themes, Accessibility and availability of data, accuracy and consistency of data, manageability of data and integration of data. It is also designed to provoke discussion in relation to the exploitation and improvement of data modelling and visualisation in the urban planning discipline and to contribute to the literature in related fields. The paper concludes that the production of information, its use and modelling, can empower urban planners as they mediate and contest state-market relations in the city. However, its use should be circumspect as data alone does not guarantee delivery of a sustainable urban future, rather, emphasis and future research should be placed upon interpretation and use of data

The effect of atonic uterus treatment on metritis, reproduction, removal, and milk yield in Holstein cows

The study aimed to determine the effects of medical treatment of postpartum uterus pathologies on uterine health, and the reproductive and productive performance of dairy cows during the lactation period. In total, 206 cows were examined to monitor the uterus involution process at 1, 7, 14, and 21 days in milk (DIM). Cows with retained placenta were treated with carbetocin and cows with uterus atony were treated with PGF2α. Cows with puerperal metritis received ceftiofur hydrochloride. All of the dairy cows with proven uterine health were then enrolled in a synchronization protocol with artificial insemination. Intercalving interval, service period, insemination index, milk yield per lactation (kg), average milk protein and fat per lactation, parity (heifers/cows), and culling rate were analyzed. The statistical analysis revealed only a weak trend (P = 0.07) of association between the retained placenta and the inter-calving interval. The odds of having a decrease in daily milk yield in cows without metritis were 0.92 (95% CI: 0.85, 0.99) times the odds of cows with metritis. Thus, the metritis was associated with a reduction (P < 0.05) in milk yield of 0.92 kg/cow per day and a total of 281 kg in the 305 days of lactation. Reproductive and productive variables like service period, insemination index, milk protein and fat, and culling rate were not associated with uterus disorders. In conclusion, intensive monitoring and care of the reproduction health of dairy cows early after calving can decrease the risk of economic losses

City information model based on a 3D data

This diploma thesis deals with creation of data-oriented 3D city model. The aim is to show potential of 3D data in the field of 3D city models and to develop a methodology of conversion of 3D-data with no information to data oriented 3D city model. For this purpose has been chosen format CityGML, which is well-known in the field of 3D city models. This format allows us to store semantical, topological and visual information besides geometry. In terms of concept, thesis is divided into two parts. First part is focused on theory, where are mentioned 3D supported formats. Further I deal with categories of city models according to its usage in praxis and theory about structure of CityGML and its advantages. In second part, I deal with the process of data conversion and its processing. I used geometric data of city parts Líšeň and Nový Lískovec and energy data of some blocks of flats. In the end of thesis, I summarize all the results, possible usage and development of the model

Assessment of two different methods for sampling and detection of Dichelobacter nodosus and Fusobacterium necrophorum in dairy cows in Eastern Slovakia

The aim of our study was to find the most appropriate way of sample collection from cattle feet as well as to assess simple and effective sample processing, including DNA extraction for reliable diagnosis of bacteria Dichelobacter nodosus and Fusobacterium necrophorum. 11 clinically healthy cows were included in the study, from which swabbing samples (2 types: surface swab and deep swab) were taken. Two isolation methods were used for DNA extraction: 1. freezing and boiling the samples, 2. commercial kit (Roche). PCR analysis of the samples has not shown any variations in the detection ratio of D. nodosus and F. necrophorum at different swabbing methods. The highest sensitivity of the detection of both bacteria was reached with a cultivation of samples in AB with subsequent extraction of DNA with freezing and boiling. The cultivation in anaerobic broth resulted in the detection rate of D. nodosus and F. necrophorum in over 95% and 27%, respectively. To conclude, the simple ‘surface’ swab is sufficient to detect studied pathogens, the most appropriate method of DNA extraction has proven to be freezing and boiling of the sample

Dielectric relaxation response of electrical insulating liquids under different natures of thermal stress

This study focuses on the dielectric relaxation response of insulating liquids based on mineral oil and synthetic ester in a thermal field.The research also offers the dielectric relaxation response of the magnetic nanofluid based on the investigated synthetic ester. The reason for investigating the synthetic ester-based nanofluid is that the temperature characteristics of the mineral oil-based magnetic nanofluid have already been investigated in several studies. Nanofluid based on synthetic ester is not sufficiently explored in this regard. The behavior of insulating liquids in the thermal field is divided into two parts. The first one points to the effect of temperature on the dielectric properties of the insulating liquids in the range from 293.15 K to 363.15 K. The insulating liquids show relaxation processes in the investigated frequency spectrum (1 mHz–3 kHz), which are dependent on temperature. The logarithm of the relaxation frequency decreases linearly with decreasing temperature according to Arrhenius' law. Mineral oil has the highest value of activation energy. In the second part, the results are focused on the influence of the rate of temperature increase on the dielectric parameters and moisture content of the investigated fluids. A slower increase in temperature causes an increase in polarization losses and a reduction in the distribution of relaxation times. In the case of base oils, also a reduction in activation energy. The change in the heating rate of the investigated liquids does not affect their moisture. Changes in dielectric parameters are not caused by changes in the moisture of insulating liquids, but by thermal aging

Frequency-Dependent Dielectric Spectroscopy of Insulating Nanofluids Based on GTL Oil during Accelerated Thermal Aging

Improving the dielectric properties of liquid-insulating materials is a current problem in research into the insulation system of a power transformer. Modern optimization of insulating liquids involves the potential use of unique synthetic esters enriched with nanoparticles. This study presents the results of the dielectric response of liquefied gas-based (GTL) insulating liquids during accelerated thermal aging. The dielectric relaxation spectroscopy method was used in the frequency domain to point out power losses as an imaginary part of a complex electric modulus. The relaxation spectra express the validity of applying this complex dielectric parameter. The polarization processes of the base oil alternately change position in the low-frequency band during thermal aging. Fullerene nanofluid undergoes three phases of dielectric loss changes during thermal aging. In the case of magnetic nanofluid, the effect of electric double-layer polarization disappeared after 500 h of thermal aging. It was found that with the gradual increase in the thermal aging time, there is no gradual increase in the dielectric losses investigated in the measured frequency spectrum. This study shows that the concentration of the two types of nanoparticles independently causes a different dielectric response to an applied AC electric field in the GTL base fluid