Negative diffraction pattern dynamics in nonlinear cavities with left-handed materials

We study a ring cavity filled with a slab of a right-handed material and a slab of a left-handed material. Both layers are assumed to be nonlinear Kerr media. First, we derive a model for the propagation of light in a left-handed material. By constructing a mean-field model, we show that the sign of diffraction can be made either positive or negative in this resonator, depending on the thicknesses of the layers. Subsequently, we demonstrate that the dynamical behavior of the modulation instability is strongly affected by the sign of the diffraction coefficient. Finally, we study the dissipative structures in this resonator and reveal the predominance of a two-dimensional up-switching process over the formation of spatially periodic structures, leading to the truncation of the homogeneous hysteresis cycle.Comment: 8 pages, 5 figure

Linear-response theory and lattice dynamics: a muffin-tin orbital approach

A detailed description of a method for calculating static linear-response functions in the problem of lattice dynamics is presented. The method is based on density functional theory and it uses linear muffin-tin orbitals as a basis for representing first-order corrections to the one-electron wave functions. As an application we calculate phonon dispersions in Si and NbC and find good agreement with experiments.Comment: 18 pages, Revtex, 2 ps figures, uuencoded, gzip'ed, tar'ed fil

Prostate-specific Membrane Antigen Heterogeneity and DNA Repair Defects in Prostate Cancer.

BackgroundProstate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA; folate hydrolase) prostate cancer (PC) expression has theranostic utility.ObjectiveTo elucidate PC PSMA expression and associate this with defective DNA damage repair (DDR).Design, setting, and participantsMembranous PSMA (mPSMA) expression was scored immunohistochemically from metastatic castration-resistant PC (mCRPC) and matching, same-patient, diagnostic biopsies, and correlated with next-generation sequencing (NGS) and clinical outcome data.Outcome measurements and statistical analysisExpression of mPSMA was quantitated by modified H-score. Patient DNA was tested by NGS. Gene expression and activity scores were determined from mCRPC transcriptomes. Statistical correlations utilised Wilcoxon signed rank tests, survival was estimated by Kaplan-Meier test, and sample heterogeneity was quantified by Shannon's diversity index.Results and limitationsExpression of mPSMA at diagnosis was associated with higher Gleason grade (p=0.04) and worse overall survival (p=0.006). Overall, mPSMA expression levels increased at mCRPC (median H-score [interquartile range]: castration-sensitive prostate cancer [CSPC] 17.5 [0.0-60.0] vs mCRPC 55.0 [2.8-117.5]). Surprisingly, 42% (n=16) of CSPC and 27% (n=16) of mCRPC tissues sampled had no detectable mPSMA (H-score ConclusionsMembranous PSMA expression is upregulated in some but not all PCs, with mPSMA expression demonstrating marked inter- and intrapatient heterogeneity. DDR aberrations are associated with higher mPSMA expression and merit further evaluation as predictive biomarkers of response for PSMA-targeted therapies in larger, prospective cohorts.Patient summaryThrough analysis of prostate cancer samples, we report that the presence of prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is extremely variable both within one patient and between different patients. This may limit the usefulness of PSMA scans and PSMA-targeted therapies. We show for the first time that prostate cancers with defective DNA repair produce more PSMA and so may respond better to PSMA-targeting treatments

Ab initio study of the volume dependence of dynamical and thermodynamical properties of silicon

Motivated by the negative thermal expansion observed for silicon between 20 K and 120 K, we present first an ab initio study of the volume dependence of interatomic force constants, phonon frequencies of TA(X) and TA(L) modes, and of the associated mode Gruneisen parameters. The influence of successive nearest neighbors shells is analysed. Analytical formulas, taking into account interactions up to second nearest neighbors, are developped for phonon frequencies of TA(X) and TA(L) modes and the corresponding mode Gruneisen parameters. We also analyze the volume and pressure dependence of various thermodynamic properties (specific heat, bulk modulus, thermal expansion), and point out the effect of the negative mode Gruneisen parameters of the acoustic branches on these properties. Finally, we present the evolution of the mean square atomic displacement and of the atomic temperature factor with the temperature for different volumes, for which the anomalous effects are even greater.Comment: 24 pages, Revtex 3.0, 11 figures, accepted for publication in Phys. Rev.

Genomics of lethal prostate cancer at diagnosis and castration resistance.

The genomics of primary prostate cancer differ from those of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). We studied genomic aberrations in primary prostate cancer biopsies from patients who developed mCRPC, also studying matching, same-patient, diagnostic, and mCRPC biopsies following treatment. We profiled 470 treatment-naive prostate cancer diagnostic biopsies and, for 61 cases, mCRPC biopsies, using targeted and low-pass whole-genome sequencing (n = 52). Descriptive statistics were used to summarize mutation and copy number profile. Prevalence was compared using Fisher's exact test. Survival correlations were studied using log-rank test. TP53 (27%) and PTEN (12%) and DDR gene defects (BRCA2 7%; CDK12 5%; ATM 4%) were commonly detected. TP53, BRCA2, and CDK12 mutations were markedly more common than described in the TCGA cohort. Patients with RB1 loss in the primary tumor had a worse prognosis. Among 61 men with matched hormone-naive and mCRPC biopsies, differences were identified in AR, TP53, RB1, and PI3K/AKT mutational status between same-patient samples. In conclusion, the genomics of diagnostic prostatic biopsies acquired from men who develop mCRPC differ from those of the nonlethal primary prostatic cancers. RB1/TP53/AR aberrations are enriched in later stages, but the prevalence of DDR defects in diagnostic samples is similar to mCRPC

Synthesis, Infra-red, Raman, NMR and structural characterization by X-ray Diffraction of [C12H17N2]2CdCl4 and [C6H10N2]2Cd3Cl10 compounds

The synthesis, infra-red, Raman and NMR spectra and crystal structure of 2, 4, 4- trimethyl-4, 5- dihydro-3H-benzo[b] [1, 4] diazepin-1-ium tetrachlorocadmate, [C12H17N2]2CdCl4 and benzene-1,2-diaminium decachlorotricadmate(II) [C6H10N2]2Cd3Cl10 are reported. The [C12H17N2]2CdCl4 compound crystallizes in the triclinic system (P-1 space group) with Z = 2 and the following unit cell dimensions: a = 9.6653(8) angstrom, b = 9.9081(9) angstrom, c = 15.3737(2) angstrom, alpha = 79.486(1)degrees, beta = 88.610(8)degrees and gamma = 77.550(7)degrees. The structure was solved by using 4439 independent reflections down to R value of 0.029. In crystal structure, the tetrachlorocadmiate anion is connected to two organic cations through N-H...Cl hydrogen bonds and Van Der Waals interaction as to build cation-anion-cation cohesion. The [C6H10N2]2Cd3Cl10 crystallizes in the triclinic system (P-1 space group). The unit cell dimensions are a = 6.826 (5)angstrom, b = 9.861 (7)angstrom, c = 10.344 (3)angstrom, alpha = 103.50 (1)degrees, beta = 96.34 (4)degrees and gamma = 109.45 (3)degrees, Z=2. The final R value is 0.053 (Rw=0.128). Its crystal structure consists of organic cations and polymeric chains of [Cd3Cl10]4- anions running along the [011] direction, In The [C6H10N2]2Cd3Cl10 compounds hydrogen bond interactions between the inorganic chains and the organic cations, contribute to the crystal packing. PACS Codes: 61.10.Nz, 61.18.Fs, 78.30.-jComment: 19 pages, 10 figure

Relationship between wearer prickle response with fibre and garment properties and Wool ComfortMeter assessment

The prickle evoked by 48 knitted fabrics was assessed by wearers under a defined evaluation protocol. The relationship between the average wearer prickle score and known properties of constituent fibre, yarns and fabrics and fabric evaluation using the Wool ComfortMeter (WCM) was determined using linear modelling. After log transformation, the best model accounted for 87.7% of the variance. The major share of variation could be attributed to differences between mean fibre diameter (MFD) and WCM values. Low prickle scores were linearly associated with lower MFD, lower WCM and lower yarn linear density. There was an indication that yarn twist affected prickle scores and that fabrics composed of cotton evoked less prickle. Measures of fibre diameter distribution or coarse fibre incidence and other fabric properties were not significant. The analysis indicates that wool garments can be constructed to keep wearer assessed prickle to barely detectable levels and textile designers can manipulate a range of parameters to achieve similar wearer comfort responses