Home Education: Global Education in Manufacturing: Basic Framework, Industrial Survey and Possible Implementation

Many new challenges and opportunities have arisen for Slovenia since May 2004 when it became a full member of the EU. On the one hand we have some successful economic players who can definitely gain from new opportunities, on the other hand some structural changes still have to be accomplished. One of the most demanding tasks is related to higher education and in particular to harmonization of EU and global educational systems. The paper presents the results of the international framework for a Master degree curriculum in manufacturing strategy and an example of the integration of competence in technology and business. A good example of meeting Bologna goals is to establish a system of easily recognisable and comparable educational degrees and to accelerate the employment of EU citizens as well as the competitiveness of the European higher educational system.manufacturing, education, training, industrial organisation

Thermal fluctuations and NMR spectra of incommensurate insulators

Journal ArticleThe effects of thermal order-parameter fluctuations on the NMR line shape of incommensurate systems are evaluated within the mean-field Landau theory and the results are compared with the 8 7Rb and 3 9K 1/2 -1/2 NMR spectra of Rb2ZnCl4 and K2Se04 just below the paraelectric-incommensurate transitions. We show that thermal fluctuations do not only reduce the effective incommensurate splitting as compared to the static case but also change the shape of the spectrum. In particular they remove the 8- function-like form of the two edge singularities in analogy to the Debye-Waller factor in x-ray scattering. Two-dimensional NMR separation techniques allow for a separate observation of static and dynamic incommensurate line shapes close to the paraelectric-incommensurate transition temperature Tj. The static inhomogeneously broadened NMR line shape results from the static distribution of quadrupole perturbed Zeeman frequencies, reflecting the frozen-out incommensurate modulation wave. The dynamic line shape reflects the time-dependent part of the electric quadrupole interaction resulting from phason and amplitudon thermal fluctuations of the modulation wave. Close to Tl these fluctuations become so low in frequency that they influence the line shape. A precise determination of 77 can be obtained from the maximum in the width of the dynamic line shape

The Electron-Phonon Interaction of Low-Dimensional and Multi-Dimensional Materials from He Atom Scattering

Atom scattering is becoming recognized as a sensitive probe of the electron-phonon interaction parameter $\lambda$ at metal and metal-overlayer surfaces. Here, the theory is developed linking $\lambda$ to the thermal attenuation of atom scattering spectra (in particular, the Debye-Waller factor), to conducting materials of different dimensions, from quasi-one dimensional systems such as W(110):H(1$\times$1) and Bi(114), to quasi-two dimensional layered chalcogenides and high-dimensional surfaces such as quasicrystalline 2ML-Ba(0001)/Cu(001) and d-AlNiCo(00001). Values of $\lambda$ obtained using He atoms compare favorably with known values for the bulk materials. The corresponding analysis indicates in addition the number of layers contributing to the electron-phonon interaction that is measured in an atom surface collision.Comment: 23 pages, 5 figures, 1 tabl

Overcoming the objectification of western classical music with the concept of music as a process

The purpose of this work was to examine the ideas about Western classical music. The main barrier for people at large to have a more multidimensional understanding of music, seems to be the objectification of music; i.e. that the music is generally understood as something complete, self-contained, something that can be defined, or even measured. Such knowledge, if isolated from the context of Western society, can lead to a limited understanding of music phenomenon. This dissertation suggests that the music may be understood as the living interface of various processes inside Western culture such as musical activity (e.g. composing, performing, listening), socio-cultural mentality (e.g. ways of thinking, education), the use of language, etc. An attempt was made to clarify the condition in which these processes influence each other. The dissertation aimed to explain the objectification of music in the contemporary music practice, and tried to find the roots and the contributors to such an understanding of music. Finally, the work explored the idea of transformation of the Western music culture by the social changes and technological innovations of the 20th and 21th centuries regarding the main question: has the mentioned transformation helped overcome the deterministic concept of ‘music as an object’? The conclusions could not offer an affirmative answer to this question. Adding to the theoretical basis of this dissertation, a series of interviews was conducted in order to investigate the subject’s perception of Western classical music. Many traces of the objectification of music have been found in the answers but, on the other hand, some answers served with a holistic, multidimensional view of music. The variety found in answers may suggest that the understanding of music is a very personal issue, what would explain why it is so hard to generalize it. Moreover, this work concludes with the though, that the objective understanding of music is practically impossible. The closest we might get to the objectivity in our understanding of music phenomenon is to investigate music in a social context, and allow oneself to take into account the diversified thoughts on music, coming from the personal musical experience.O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar as ideias sobre música clássica ocidental. O principal obstáculo para que as pessoas em geral tenham uma compreensão mais multidimensional da música parece ser a objetificação da música, ou seja, a noção de que a música é geralmente entendida como algo completo, auto-suficiente, algo que pode ser definido ou mesmo medido. Tal conhecimento, se isolado do contexto da sociedade ocidental, pode levar a uma compreensão limitada do fenómeno musical. Esta dissertação sugere que a música pode ser entendida como ‘o interface vivo de vários processos dentro da cultura ocidental’, como actividade musical (p. ex. compor, tocar/interpretar, ouvir), mentalidade sócio-cultural (p. ex. formas de pensar, educação), o uso da linguagem, etc. Foi assim feita uma tentativa de esclarecer a condição em que esses processos se influenciam mutuamente. A dissertação teve como objetivo explicar a objetificação da música na prática musical contemporânea, tentando encontrar as raízes e os elementos contribuintes para tal compreensão da música. Por fim, o trabalho explorou a ideia de transformação da cultura musical ocidental pelas mudanças sociais e inovações tecnológicas dos séculos XX e XXI visando a questão principal: terá a transformação mencionada ajudado a superar o conceito determinista de ‘música como um objecto’? As conclusões não oferecem uma resposta afirmativa a esta questão. A acrescentar à fundamentação teórica desta dissertação foi realizada uma série de entrevistas a fim de investigar a percepção do sujeito da música clássica ocidental. Muitos traços da objetificação da música foram encontrados nas respostas mas, por outro lado, outras respostas apresentaram uma visão holística e multidimensional da música. A variedade encontrada nas respostas pode sugerir que a compreensão da música é uma questão muito pessoal, o que explicaria por que é tão difícil generalizá-la. Assim sendo, este trabalho conclui com o pensamento de que a compreensão objetiva da música é praticamente impossível. O mais próximo que podemos chegar à objetividade na compreensão do fenómeno musical será investigando a música num contexto social e permitindo-se levar em consideração os pensamentos diversificados sobre música oriundos da experiência musical pessoal

Orbital domain state and finite size scaling in ferromagnetic insulating manganites

55Mn and 139La NMR measurements on a high quality single crystal of ferromagnetic (FM) La0.80Ca20MnO3 demonstrate the formation of localized Mn(3+,4+) states below 70 K, accompanied with strong anomalous increase of certain FM neutron Bragg peaks. (55,139)(1/T1) spin-lattice relaxation rates diverge on approaching this temperature from below, signalling a genuine phase transition at T(tr) approx. 70 K. The increased local magnetic anisotropy of the low temperature phase, the cooling-rate dependence of the Bragg peaks, and the observed finite size scaling of T(tr) with Ca (hole) doping, are suggestive of freezing into an orbital domain state, precursor to a phase transition into an inhomogeneous orbitally ordered state embodying hole-rich walls.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure

Visual isolation, habitat complexity, and the density of stream salmonids

The effect of visual isolation on the density of territorial fish such as Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar ) was examined. Kalleberg's (1958) hypothesis that the density of salmon can be increased by adding boulders was tested for the first time in a natural stream. Eight study reaches were established in Catamaran Brook and the Little Southwest Miramichi River (New Brunswick). Each reach was divided into three sites of 3 x 2 m, and received one of three treatments: boulder-added, 36 boulders (median diameter = 0.21 m) were added to increase visual isolation; boulder-removed, where all boulders were removed; and a control, where the reach was left unchanged. A three-fold increase in the density of salmon was observed in the boulder-added treatment compared to the boulder-removed and control sites. The impact of adding boulders was more important for the young-of-the-year than for the 1+ and 2+ salmon. However, for non-salmonid fishes, no effect was found. A Geographic Information System (GIS) viewshed analysis showed that the visible area and the distance to nearest neighbour were significantly smaller in the boulder-added treatment than in the other two treatments. Although mean water velocity was reduced in the boulder-added treatments, the snout velocity of individual salmon did not differ among treatments, suggesting that the boulders were not used as a velocity refuge. The results support Kalleberg's hypothesis that visual isolation is a key factor controlling salmon density, and that it might be used as a low-cost method for increasing the density of territorial fish