Amateur sport and emotional burnout formation in high school students

Practicing sports, as well as physical activity in general, contribute to a healthy lifestyle, help to prevent numerous chronic diseases, and play a therapeutic role in addressing a number of cognitive and psychological disorders (such as depression, distorted body image and self-perception and low self-esteem). As regards students, freshmen with higher physical capabilities can better adapt to new college environment, which in turn influences their well-being, psychological state and ability to study. The aim of our study was to detect the level of emotional burnout and individual psychological characteristics of the university students, engaged in amateur sports. It was shown that the group of amateur sportsmen demonstrated higher level of arousal and mobility of neural processes, and lower level of neuroticism, lower level of neurotisation, anxiety, psychic tension and depression. This allows us to conclude that the type of nervous system may define the disposition toward the physical activity, and the strength of nervous system determines the ability to achieve success in sports. Our data indicate that practicing sports prevent the development of burnout, reduce the negative impact of daily emotional stress and provide a socially acceptable way to express aggression

Borrmann Effect in Photonic Crystals: Nonlinear Optical Consequences

Nonlinear-optical manifestations of the Borrmann effect that are consequences of the spectral dependence of the spatial distributions of the electromagnetic field in a structure are observed in one-dimensional photonic crystals. The spectrum of the light self-focusing effect corresponding to the propagation-matrix calculations has been measured near the edge of the photonic gap.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures, published in russian at Pis'ma v Zhurnal Eksperimental'noi i Teoreticheskoi Fiziki, 2008, Vol. 87, No. 8, pp. 461-46

Phenotype of circulating neutrophils at different stages of cervical neoplasia

At the present time, there is no common point of view to the role of circulating neutrophils (NP) in emergence and development of neoplasia. It is suggested that due to high functional plasticity, the neutrophils may exhibit both pro- and antitumor activity. In order to study the NP phenotype at different stages of cervical neoplasia (CN), we have evaluated their absolute and relative amounts, myeloperoxidase activity, spontaneous and induced NST-test markers, and the level of intracellular cationic proteins. Spontaneous production of elastase and active forms of matrix metalloproteinases, the levels of IL-2, IL-8, IL-18, IFNy, G-CSF were determined in the NP cell lysates and in blood serum. The formation of extracellular traps (NET) was evaluated using 1-day cultures of Saccharomyces cerevisiae as an inducer. We examined 31 patients with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and 21 primary patients with cervical cancer (CC, Ia stage according to FIGO scale), as well as 25 practically healthy women. We revealed increased spontaneous and inducible oxygen-dependent cytolytic and phagocytic activity and spontaneous production of NET if compared to normal values, along with decreased absolute NP numbers in patients with CIN, thus suggesting the antitumor activity of NP. The levels of “pro-tumor” cytokines (MMP-9, IL-2 and G-CSF) become increased over normal levels as early as at the CIN stage, both for the neutrophils and blood plasma. High levels of regulatory IFNy and neutrophil-priming IL-8 in blood plasma do not presume any use of exogenous NP-activating factors at the stage of cervical dysplasia. At the initial stage of cervical cancer, the absolute NP amounts are significantly increased compared to normal counts. However, despite increased spontaneous oxygen-dependent cytolytic activity, the NPs have a significantly reduced activity of phagocytosis and sharply increased spontaneous production of NET, thus, generally, being characteristic to the “pro-tumorous” NP phenotype. IL-2 levels are elevated, and MMP-9 values are still increased in NP and blood plasma of patients with CC (stage Ia). Hence, the obtained results suggest some changes of NP phenotype to a pro-tumorous pattern during transition from intraepithelial dysplasia to cervical cancer. These results allowed us to design an algorithm for examining women with suspected cervical cancer, including IL-2 measurement in blood serum, and MMP-9 amounts in the NP lysates

IL-4 and its polymorphism (<i>IL4</i>-589C/T) in cervical neoplasia

The transition of cervical neoplasia (CIN) to cervical cancer occurs with the active participation of IL-4, for which both pro- and antitumor effects have been shown with tumors of various localizations. The expression of cytokines is regulated at the transcriptional level in the promoter region of the gene. It has been shown that the genotype IL4 (589C/T) (rs2243250) is associated with the development of gastric and breast cancer. The contribution of IL-4 genotypic variations to the development of CIN has not yet been studied. The aim of the study was to assess the risk of developing cervical neoplasia by the presence polymorphism of IL4 (589C/T) and the level of IL-4. The object of the study was circulating neutrophils, serum and genomic DNA of 36 patients with CIN and 20 women without dysplasia (comparison group). Using ELISA, the level of IL-4 was determined in neutrophil lysate and serum. Phagocytic activity and adhesive ability (CD11b) of neutrophils were assessed. Allele-specific real-time PCR using Taq-Man probes was used to analyze of the IL4 589C/T (rs2243250). Statistical processing was carried out using Statistica 13 and Jamovi 1.6.5.0. As a result of the study, it was found that the level of IL-4 in serum and circulating neutrophils in patients with CIN is significantly higher than in the comparison group. The -589C* allele of the IL4 gene and the TT genotype are more common in the group with CIN (55.5%) than in the control (25%). At the same time, a direct relationship was established between the presence of polymorphism and increased adhesive ability and with indicators of the phagocytic number of circulating neutrophils. Analysis of the incidence of IL4 C589T by the «case-control» method showed that the chances of CIN formation in carriers of the -589C allele and the TT genotype were 3.75 (95% CI: 1.013 - 13.880, Chi-square = 4.161, p = 0.042). The -589C* allele and TT IL4 genotype, neutrophil and serum IL-4 levels are associated with HPV infection. Using a binary logistic regression model, we demonstrated the possibility of using IL-4 levels in circulating neutrophils and IL-4 gene polymorphism (589C/T) for the differential diagnosis of patients with CIN (χ2 = 15.6, p = 0.001). Significant significance for their combination was assessed by ROC-curve analysis (IL-4 in neutrophils; IL4 (-589С*), 75% probability. Thus, the IL4 (589C/T) is associated with the adhesive and phagocytic activity of circulating neutrophils. In HPV-infected patients, IL4 gene polymorphism (589C/T) can serve as a marker for early detection and prognosis of CIN

Problems of forensic medical diagnosis of fatal poisoning drug «design»

The article considers methods of determining "designer" drugs in biological materials and issues of the legal status of methods. It is noted that there are methods of chemical-toxicological diagnosis, which allow to determine the presence of foreign chemicals in biological materials, potentially capable of causing psychotic reactions. However, there are certain legal conditions for the classification of chemical compounds as analogues of drugs or the inclusion in the list of drugs, which complicates the production of forensic medical examination.В статье рассматриваются методы определения «дизайнерских» наркотиков в биологических материалах и вопросы правового статуса методов. Отмечено, что существуют способы химико-токсикологической диагностики, которые позволяют определить в биологических материалах наличие посторонних химических веществ, потенциально способных вызывать психотические реакции. Однако, существуют определенные правовые условия для отнесения химических соединений к аналогам наркотических веществ или внесения в список наркотических средств, что затрудняет производство судебно-медицинской экспертизы

Аnalysis of lethal acute poisonings in Yekaterinburg and Sverdlovsk region

Importance of poisonings and problems of medicolegal diagnostics have been defined. The analysis of lethal poisonings indexes in Yekaterinburg (Sverdlovsk region) has been presented. Optimization of medical institutions has been concluded.Определено значение отравлений и проблемы судебно-медицинской диагностики, представлен анализ показателей смертельных отравлений в Свердловской области и г. Екатеринбурге, сделаны выводы по оптимизации работы медицинских организаци

Параметры глутатионовой системы и тиоредоксина в плазме крови и асците и полиморфизм гена GSTP1 Ile105Val как факторы резистентности к платиносодержащей химиотерапии у больных раком яичников

Background. Chemotherapy is one of the main types of treatment in ovarian cancer. Standard first-line treatment includes platinum drugs. Every fifth patient develops chemoresistance after platinum-containing first line therapy. Glutathione detoxification systems play an important role in platinum drugs utilization.Purpose. To assess the redox status of blood plasma and ascitic fluid in ovarian cancer patients before and after neoadjuvant platinum-containing chemotherapy (NACT).Materials and methods. We determined the activity of the glutathione system and thioredoxin levels in bloodplasma before and after NACT and in the ascitic fluid before NACT, and the presence of GSTP1 gene polymorphism (Ile105Val (rs1695), Ala114Val (rs1138272) in 30 III–IV FIGO stage ovarian cancer patients. Patients were divided into 3 groups: NR – no relapse in 2 years after last chemotherapy course; R1 – relapse in less than 6 months; R2 – relapse in more than 6 months.Results. We established an increase of the glutathione-transferase activity and a decrease of the GSH level inplasma after chemotherapy in R1 patients, and an opposite dynamic of glutathione-transferase and GSH in the R2 group. Thioredoxin level in plasma of all patients was lower than in the control group; differences in levels between groups were not statistically significant. GSTP1 105Val allele was more frequently present in patients than in the control group, and more frequently in R2 than in R1.Conclusion. The increase in plasma glutathione-transferase and glutathione-reductase levels can be a prognostic marker of early relapse. Thioredoxine dynamics do not correlate with the chemotherapy response. The presence of the GSTP1 105Val allele is a risk factor for ovarian cancer development, but a protective factor against early relapse.Введение. Химиотерапия является одним из основных видов лечения распространенного рака яичников (РЯ). У каждой пятой пациентки развивается химиорезистентность после платиносодержащей терапии первой линии. Система детоксикации глутатиона играет важную роль в утилизации платиновых препаратов из  опухолевых клеток. Цель. Оценить окислительно-восстановительный статус плазмы крови и асцитической  жидкости у больных РЯ до и после неоадъювантной платиносодержащей химиотерапии  (НАХТ).Материалы и методы. Мы определили активность глутатионовой системы и уровень тиоредоксина в плазме крови до и после НАХТ и в асцитической жидкости до НАХТ у 30 пациентов на III–IV стадиях (по FIGO) рака яичников. Пациенты были разделены на три группы: БР – без рецидивов в течение 2 лет после завершения химиотерапии; Р1 – рецидив заболевания в течение 6 мес после завершения химиотерапии первой линии; Р2 – рецидив после 6 мес от момента завершения химиотерапии первой линии.Результаты. Установлено увеличение активности GT и снижение уровня GSH в плазме  после химиотерапии у пациентов с Р1, а также противоположная динамика GT и GSH в  группе Р2. Уровень тиоредоксина в плазме у всех пациентов был ниже, чем в контрольной группе; различия в уровнях между группами не были статистически значимыми. Аллельный вариант 105Val гена GSTP1 выявлялся с более высокой частотой у пациентов с РЯ, чем в контроле, и чаще в группе Р2, чем у Р1.Заключение. Повышение активности GST и GR в плазме больных РЯ может быть  прогностическим маркером раннего рецидива. Динамика тиоредоксина не коррелирует с  ответом на химиотерапию. Присутствие аллеля 105Val в гене GSTP1 является фактором риска развития рака яичников, но защитным фактором против раннего рецидива

Возраст морен ледника Большой Азау в верховьях долины реки Баксан по дендрохронологическим данным

Basing on tree­ring analysis of more than 150pines growing in the Azau clearing, the minimum age of the deposits created by the Greater Azau Glacier was identified. Historical evidence, cartographic data, remote sensing materials, as well as the results of lichenometric studies and radiocarbon dating of buried soils were used as additional sources of information. We determined limits of the area covered by the glacier tongue at the end of the 19th century. It was also shown that the highest and most pronounced lateral moraine, conventionally called the «17th century moraine», was formed earlier than the end of the 15th century. Judging from the size of the maximum lichens of Rhizocarpon geographicum (120–130mm) on its surface, the age of the moraine, determined by the dendrochronological method was found to be underestimated. It may be several centuries older than the end of the 16th century. We re­examined a pine trunk buried in the sediments at the bottom of the valley which was discovered in the 1960s. Previously it was dated by radiocarbon (140±75BP[1], the calibrated date– 1650–1960 CE). According to the new data, the most probable tree­ring dates of the buried tree are 1759–1883CE, however, the second most likely dates are 1826–1950CE. Unfortunately, low statistical estimates do not allow us to confirm the reliability of the dates. The paper also discusses the controversial issue of the position of the moraine of 1849CE, which was described by H.Abich[2]. The annex to the article contains a translation of a fragment of this important paper related to the Greater Azau Glacier. Suppressions of pine growth from the moraines of the Greater Azau in the 1640s, 1710s, 1800s, 1840s, and 1860sCE are synchronous with the advances of the Bosson, Mer de Glace and Grindelwald glaciers in the Alps[3].На основе анализа дендрохронологических данных, радиоуглеродных датировок и исторических свидетельств рассмотрена история колебаний ледника Большой Азау в малый ледниковый период. Дискутируется вопрос о положении морены максимума наступания ледника в 1849г., описанного Г.Абихом. Определён минимальный возраст морен, в том числе береговой, которую ранее относили к XVII в

Изменения ледника Чалаати (Грузинский Кавказ) с малого ледникового периода по данным космогенных изотопов (10Be) и дендрохронологии

Glacier variations over the past centuries are still poorly documented on the southern slope of the Greater Caucasus. In this paper, the change of Chalaati Glacier in the Georgian Caucasus from its maximum extent during the Little Ice Age has been studied. For the first time in the history of glaciological studies of the Georgian Caucasus, 10Be in situ Cosmic Ray Exposure (CRE) dating was applied. The age of moraines was determined by tree-ring analysis. Lichenometry was also used as a supplementary tool to determine the relative ages of glacial landforms. In addition, the large-scale topographical maps (1887, 1960) were used along with the satellite imagery – Corona, Landsat 5 TM, and Sentinel 2B. Repeated photographs were used to identify the glacier extent in the late XIX and early XX centuries. 10Be CRE ages from the oldest lateral moraine of the Chalaati Glacier suggest that the onset of the Little Ice Age occurred ~0.73±0.04 kyr ago (CE ~1250–1330), while the dendrochronology and lichenometry measurements show that the Chalaati Glacier reached its secondary maximum extent again about CE ~1810. From that time through 2018 the glacier area decreased from 14.9±1.5 km2 to 9.9±0.5 km2 (33.8±7.4% or ~0.16% yr−1), while its length retreated by ~2280 m. The retreat rate was uneven: it peaked between 1940 and 1971 (~22.9 m yr−1), while the rate was slowest in 1910– 1930 (~4.0 m yr−1). The terminus elevation rose from ~1620 m to ~1980 m above sea level in ~1810–2018.Для реконструкции колебаний ледника Чалаати в Грузии использовались космические снимки, старые карты, повторные фотографии, дендрохронология, лихенометрия и анализ космогенных изотопов. Максимальное наступание ледника в начале малого ледникового периода произошло в ~1250–1330 гг., второй максимум, когда ледник достиг почти такой же длины, датируется примерно 1810 г. С этого времени до 2018 г. площадь ледника уменьшилась с 14,9±1,5 до 9,9±0,5 км2 (33,8±7,4%, или ~0,16% год−1), а его длина сократилась на ~2280 м

Analysis of opinions of employers about the level of preparation of doctors-forensic experts

Тhe analysis of opinions of employers about the level of training of doctors on a speciality "forensic medical examination", about the peculiarities of realization of the educational program in the specialty at the Department of forensic medicine was assessed. Тhe positive experience of interaction between the University departments and clinical bases was marked.Приведен анализ мнения работодателей об уровне подготовки врачей по специальности «судебно-медицинская экспертиза», об особенностях реализации образовательной программы по специальности на кафедре судебной медицины. Отмечен положительный опыт взаимодействия кафедры университета и клинической базы