Wplyw dodatku bialek sojowych na barwe kielbas typu frankfurterki i Bologna

The colour characteristics (L*; a*; b*), dinitrosylhaem/total haem ratio (D), and pH of frankfurter- and Bologna-type sausages as influenced by 0%, 25%, 30%, and 35% of beef replacement with soy protein isolate were studied. The influence of soy protein hydration (1:4; 1:4.5; 1:5) on D was analysed for the sausages with a 15% replacement of beef. The colour characteristics of the sausages was influenced by the addition of soy protein isolates and particularly the lightness (L*) of the sausages was influenced by the amount of beef replacement with soy protein isolate. Soy protein addition to the sausage formulations changed the pH of sausage mixtures and altered haem conversion to dinitrosylhaem. The alterations of the conversion of haem to dinitrosylhaem were dependent on the degree of soy protein isolate hydration before incorporation to the sausage mixture.Studiowano wpływ zamiany 0%, 25%, 30% i 35% wołowiny izolatem białek sojowych w farszach dwóch kiełbas typu frankfurterki oraz jednej kiełbasy typu Bologna na charakterystykę ich barwy (L*, a*, b*), współczynnika dinitrozylhem/hem całkowity (D) oraz pH. Wpływ stopnia uwodnienia izolatu białek sojowych (1:4, 1:4,5, 1:5) na charakterystykę współczynnika dwunitrozylhem/hem całkowity (D) analizowano dla kiełbas z 15% zamianą wołowiny. Dodatek białek sojowych miał wpływ na charakterystykę barwy kiełbas a jasność barwy zależała od ilości wołowiny zamienionej izolatem białek sojowych. Wprowadzenie białek sojowych do receptur kiełbas zmieniało pH farszów wędlinowych oraz konwersję hemu do dwunitrozylhemu. Charakter zmian tej konwersji zależny był od stopnia uwodnienia izolatu białek sojowych przed jego wprowadzeniem do farszów wędlinowych

YBCO Step Edge Junctions for Magnetically Tunable Resonators

Step edge junctions on NdGaO 3 substrates with a product I o R N » 50 µV and a promising rather uniform current density distribution along the junction width at 77 K have been fabricated. 196 magnetometer SQUIDs are integrated in a coplanar line resonator to tune its resonance frequency magnetically. The resonator quality factor and frequency shift near 10 GHz and 50 K are investigated experimentally. Introduction Microwave applications like radar and antenna systems will need phase shifters. Commercial products based on GaAs MMIC [1,2] could improve performance in bandwidth and insertion loss by using HTSC circuits [3..5]. To start the development of a phase shifter a coplanar line resonator with tunable inductance has been designed and simulated [6,7]. Step edge junctions on different substrates are used. They can be integrated easily in rf circuits and allow acceptable properties at 77 K [8,9]. The phase shifter allows for rather large tolerances of the maximum Josephson current..

Hochtemperatursupraleitung in der Mikroelektronik. Teilprojekt: Prozesstechnik und nichtlineare Bauelemente Schlussbericht

C-axis, almost untwinned YBCO films have been fabricated by off-axis sputtering on heated NdGaO_3 substrates. Ratios of the dc and the surface impedance at 10 GHz in the crystallographic a- and b-direction of about 2 have been measured. The 10 GHz surface impedance in the a-direction has been 21#mu##OMEGA# at 4.2 K and 400 #mu##OMEGA# at 77 K. Josephson junctions on YBCO grain boundaries on ion-beam etched steps in NdGaO_3 substrates have been developed. A resonator at 10 GHz with 196 YBCO SQUIDs yielded at 60 K the expected periodic frequency dependence versus the magnetic field. Passive microwave filters have been implemented with YBCO strip lines on LaAlO_3 substrates. Band widths of 4% and 8% at 10 GHz and 77 K have been measured. Concepts of digital circuits, where the information is represented by the absence or presence of a single flux quantum, have been investigated for an operation at 50 K by simulations. To some extent Johnson noise has been taken into account. Especially, a shift register layout has been constructed and simulated. Some concepts have been tested successfully by measurements with niobium prototypes with a Josephson current density of 1 kA/cm"2. A RSFQ frequency prescaler in a realistic circuit environment with a SFQ generator, several Josephson transmission lines and toggle flipflops has been operated up to 48 GHz at 4.2 K. (orig.)Available from TIB Hannover: F95B1755+a / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekSIGLEBundesministerium fuer Forschung und Technologie (BMFT), Bonn (Germany)DEGerman