Extremal Betti numbers of some classes of binomial edge ideals

Let $G$ be a cycle or a complete bipartite graph. We show that the binomial edge ideal $J_{G}$ and its initial ideal with respect to the lexicographic order have the same extremal Betti number

Binomial edge ideals and rational normal scrolls

Let $X$ be the Hankel matrix of size $2\times n$ and let $G$ be a closed graph on the vertex set $[n].$ We study the binomial ideal $I_G\subset K[x_1,\ldots,x_{n+1}]$ which is generated by all the $2$-minors of $X$ which correspond to the edges of $G.$ We show that $I_G$ is Cohen-Macaulay. We find the minimal primes of $I_G$ and show that $I_G$ is a set theoretical complete intersection. Moreover, a sharp upper bound for the regularity of $I_G$ is given

Concurrent design of energy management and vehicle traction supervisory control algorithms for parallel hybrid electric vehicles

In this paper, concurrent design of energy management (EM) and traction control algorithms for a vehicle equipped with a parallel hybrid powertrain is studied. This paper focuses on designing the two control algorithms together as one control design problem, which are traditionally considered separately. First, optimal control actions and operating points are obtained by applying dynamic programming (DP). Then, this information is used for developing a rule-based supervisory controller. Our objective is to minimize the fuel consumption and the wheel slip simultaneously. Two control problems are also solved separately and compared with the concurrent solution. Results show that promising benefits can be obtained by using the concurrent design approach rather than considering two control problems separately. Under the same conditions, the vehicle with the concurrent supervisory controller is 16% more efficient in fuel consumption and experiences 12% less wheel slip, assuming slippery road friction conditions. © 1967-2012 IEEE

Concurrent design of energy management and vehicle stability control algorithms for a parallel hybrid vehicle using dynamic programming

Ankara : The Department of Mechanical Engineering and the Graduate School of Engineering and Science of Bilkent University, 2012.Thesis (Master's) -- Bilkent University, 2012.Includes bibliographical refences.Concurrent design of controllers for a vehicle equipped with a parallel hybrid powertrain is studied. Our work focuses on simultaneously solving two automotive control problems, energy management and vehicle stability, which are traditionally considered separately. The optimal actions for the controllers are obtained by applying dynamic programming using pre-determined drive cycles. By analyzing these actions rule-based controllers are designed so that the results can be implemented on real vehicle controllers. These control algorithms calculate the desired values for the state-of-charge and the wheel slip for the vehicle and this information together with the actual data are used to supervise the subsystem controllers. Our control strategy is based on minimizing the fuel consumption and the wheel slip concurrently. The controller design problems are solved separately also and compared to the concurrent solution. Results show that promising benefits can be obtained from the concurrent approach for designing hybrid vehicles which display better fuel economy and vehicle stabilityDokuyucu, Halil İbrahimM.S

Concurrent design of energy management and vehicle stability algorithms for a parallel hybrid vehicle using Dynamic Programming

In this paper, concurrent design of controllers for a vehicle equipped with a parallel hybrid powertrain is studied. Our work focuses on designing the two control algorithms, the energy management and the vehicle stability, concurrently which are traditionally considered separately. Dynamic Programming (DP) technique is used in order to obtain the optimal response trace for the controllers. In energy management strategy torque split ratio between engine and electric motor is used as a control signal. Additionally, in vehicle dynamics control strategy the torque split factor between front and rear axles is used as a control signal. Minimizing the fuel consumption and wheel slip is used as cost functions in energy management and vehicle dynamics control strategies respectively. Two dynamic problems are solved separately first and compared to the concurrent solution of the problems. Results show promising benefits can be obtained from the concurrent DP solution and rule extraction for designing better hybrid vehicle controllers. © 2012 AACC American Automatic Control Council)

Determination of Relationships between Grain Yield and Some Agronomic Traits by Correlation and Path Analysis in Oat (Avena spp.)

Tane verimi bir çok özelliğin doğrudan veya dolaylı olarak etkilediği kantitatif bir özelliktir. Bu araştırma, Kahramanmaraş ekolojik koşullarında 2008-2009 yetiştirme döneminde 22 yerel ve 3 ticari yulaf (Avena spp.) çeşidi kullanılarak yürütülmüştür. Deneme, tesadüf blokları deneme desenine göre 3 tekerrürlü olarak kurulmuştur. Çalışmada, sap kalınlığı (SK), bayrak yaprak uzunluğu (BYU), bayrak yaprak eni (BYE), bitki boyu (BB), salkım uzunluğu (SU), vejetatif periyod (VP), tane dolum periyodu (TDP), ekim-olgunlaşma süresi (EOS), biyomas (B), salkımdaki tane sayısı (STS), salkımdaki tane ağırlığı (STA), bin tane ağırlığı (BTA) gibi bazı tarımsal özellikler incelenmiş; ayrıca, bunların tane verimi (TV)’ne olan doğrudan ve dolaylı etkileri path ve korelasyon analizleriyle irdelenmiştir. Path analizleri sonucuna göre; TV’ye en yüksek doğrudan etkiyi TDP (% 47.74), VP (% 39.41), B (% 31.15), STS (% 29.80) ve BTA (% 24.78) yapmıştır. Korelasyon analizine göre; TV ile sap kalınlığı (r= 0.480**), bayrak yaprak uzunluğu (r= 0.230*), bayrak yaprak eni (r= 0.241*), tane dolum periyodu (r= 0.224*), ekim-olgunlaşma süresi (r= 0.339**) ve biyomas (r= 0.313**) arasında pozitif ve önemli bir ilişki, bitki boyu (r= -0.315**) arasında ise negatif ve önemli bir ilişkinin olduğu saptanmıştır. Bu çalışma ile Path analizi ve korelasyon katsayıları kullanılarak verim ve bazı tarımsal özelliklerin doğrudan ve dolaylı ilişkileri değerlendirilmiş ve Kahramanmaraş koşullarında yapılacak yulaf ıslah çalışmalarında, TDP, VP, B, STS ve STA’nın tane verimi için yapılacak seleksiyonlarda başarılı bir şekilde kullanılabileceği sonucuna varılmıştır.Grain yield is a quantitative trait that a number of characteristics has direct or indirect effects. This research was carried out in 2008-09 growing season with 22 landraces and 3 commercial oat (Avena spp.) cultivars under Kahramanmaraş ecological conditions. The research was arranged in a randomized complete block design with 3 replications. In the research, the traits such as stem diameter(SD), flag leaf length (FLL), flag leaf width (FLW), plant height (PH), panicle length (PL), grain filling period (GFP), vegetative period (VP), days to maturity (DM), biomass (B), grain number per panicle (GNP), grain weight per panicle (GWP), thousand kernel weight (TKW) and grain yield (GY) were investigated; the direct and indirect effects of those traits on grain yield were evaluated using Path and correlation analysis. According to Path analysis, GFP (47.74%), VP (39.41%), B (31.15%), GNP (29.80%) and TKW (24.78%) had the highest direct effect on grain yield. Based on correlation analysis there was a positive and significant relationship between grain yield and stem diameter (r= 0.480**), flag leaf length (r= 0.230*), flag leaf width (r= 0.241*), grain filling period (r= 0.224*), days to maturity (r= 0.339**) and biomass (r= 0.313**) while a negative and significant correlation found with plant height (r= -0.315**). In the study, Path analysis and correlation coefficients used to determine direct and indirect effects of some agronomic traits on grain yield showed that GFP, VP, B, GNP and GWP might be used as a selection criteria for grain yield successfully

Kendi kendini konfigüre edebilen bir sistemdeki tekil modül için dış manyetik eyleyiciler kullanılarak hareket mekanizmasının geliştirilmesi

In microrobotics field, self-reconfigurable modular robots (SRMRs) offer several advantages including adaptation to uneven environments, the capability of handling various sets of tasks, and continuous operation in the case of a malfunction of a single module. The current research direction in self-reconfigurable robotic systems is towards reaching million level number of modules working in coherence by means of locomotion, self-reconfiguration, and information flow. This research direction comes with new challenges such as miniaturizing the modules. One should consider looking for alternative ways of locomotion and self-reconfiguration when dealing with SRMRs having million level number of modules. Externally actuating the modules can be a good alternative to micro SRMRs. In this study, we developed a novel motion mechanism for a single module in a micro SRMR system by using external magnetic actuators. An assembly of elastic microtubes and permanent magnets is attached inside a cube-shaped module and periodic motion of the assembly is applied. The motion of a single microtube with permanent magnets inside is generated by using COMSOL Multiphysics software. The results of the simulations are compared with theoretical values to validate the motion mechanism that is introduced in the study.Mikro robotik alanında, kendi kendini konfigüre edebilen modüler robotlar (KKMR) düzensiz çevreye uyum sağlayabilme, birçok değişken görevi yerine getirebilme ve tekil modüllerin arızalanması durumunda operasyonu sürdürebilme gibi avantajlar sunmaktadır. Kendi kendini konfigüre edebilen robotik sistemlerdeki son güncel araştırmalar, milyon seviyesinde modül sayısına sahip sistemlerin hareket, kendi kendini konfigüre etme ve bilgi akışı gözetilerek geliştirilmesi yönündedir. Bu araştırma yönelimi beraberinde modüllerin minyatürleştirilmesi gibi sınamalar getirmektedir. Milyon mertebesinde modüle sahip bir KKMR sistemi göz önünde bulundurulduğunda, hareket ve kendi kendini konfigüre etme mekanizmaları için alternatif metotların araştırılması gerekmektedir. Modüllerin dış eyleyiciler ile harekete geçirilmesi mikro KKMR sistemleri için iyi bir seçenek oluşturmaktadır. Bu çalışmada mikro KKMR sistemindeki tekil bir modül için dış manyetik eyleyiciler kullanılarak özgün bir hareket mekanizması geliştirilmiştir. Esnek mikro tüp ve kalıcı mıknatıslardan oluşan bir yapı modülün içerisine yerleştirilmiş ve yapıya periyodik bir hareket uygulanmıştır. Tekil bir mikro tüp kalıcı mıknatıs yapısının hareketi COMSOL Multiphysics yazılımı kullanılarak canlandırılmıştır. Simülasyon sonuçları teorik değerler ile karşılaştırılarak önerilen hareket mekanizmasının doğrulaması gerçekleştirilmiştir

Assessment of mean platelet volume in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease during stable period and acute exacerbation

Objective: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is an important public health problem and it is associated with systemic inflammation. Mean platelet volume (MPV) is one of the markers indicating platelet activation, and it was found to be high in many diseases related to inflammation. In previous studies reported different results evaluating of MPV in COPD. In this study, we aimed to evaluate of C-reactive protein (CRP), white blood cell (WBC), and MPV in acute exacerbation of COPD and stable COPD patients. Methods: In this retrospective study, data of 40 patients with acute exacerbation of COPD, 43 stable COPD patients and 40 healthy subjects were evaluated. Results: The mean MPV, CRP and WBC were found in control, stable COPD and acute exacerbation of COPD groups, 7.9±1.1; 8.2±1.3 and 8.7±1.6 fL; 3.4±1.2; 5.2±3.5 and 27.5±23.6 mg/L; 7.8±1.6; 8.1±2.1 and 11.4±4.5 x103/ ϻL, respectively. The mean WBC and CRP in the acute exacerbation of COPD group were significantly higher than the other groups (for both values p ˂0.001). The mean MPV in the acute exacerbation of COPD group was found higher than in the other groups. The mean MPV values were significantly higher in patients of acute exacerbation than control subjects (p=0.030). Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that the increased MPV may be a marker for the evaluation acute exacerbation of COPD as well as the classic acute phase reactant CRP. J Clin Exp Invest 2013; 4 (4): 483-48