Chemical Recycling of Elastane and Elastane Blends

The global environmental landscape has been significantly impacted by the accumulation and improper management of post-consumer polymers. With a significant rise in the use of polymeric textile fibres, and the massive amount of textile waste generated every year, there is an immediate need to find sustainable processes for handling this waste. Chemical recycling is an auspicious approach that involves the conversion of waste polymers into useful monomers, fuels, or chemicals. However, the chemical recycling of primary polymer components typically results in the degradation or loss of secondary polymer components due to their multi-component characteristics and comparable chemical activities. Every year, elastane, one such polymeric textile fibre, renders roughly 2Mt of textile waste unrecyclable globally. Even though the average content of elastane in any blended fabric is low ( ̴10%), it has a significant impact on the recycling of polyester fibres. Hence, there is a need for a sustainable and economically feasible technology to deal with this massive textile waste other than incineration. In this master’s thesis, the chemical recycling of elastane and its blend with polyester was studied. The aim was to understand the depolymerization of elastane using two methods, methanolysis and glycolysis, to obtain Poly(tetramethylene ether)glycol (PTMG) and grasp how basic parameters such as temperature, catalyst, etc. affect the processes and the recycled products. The polyester/elastane blends were also depolymerized to obtain Bis(2- hydroxyethyl) terephthalate (BHET), with the hope of understanding the effect of increasing elastane content on recycled products. Vital data was obtained, and the recycled products were analysed using characterization methods like Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC)

USEFULNESS OF AI IN DAY-TO-DAY LIFE

This research paper aims to explore the diverse objectives of integrating artificial intelligence (AI) into everyday life. The rapid advancement of AI technologies has led to their widespread incorporation into various aspects of human existence. This paper delves into the key objectives that drive the integration of AI into daily life, presents concrete examples of AI applications, and discusses the potential implications and challenges that arise from this integration. Through a comprehensive analysis of AI's role in enhancing efficiency, convenience, safety, and decision-making, this paper highlights the transformative impact of AI on modern society. The AI program that senses signals and road angle completely controls the vehicle. The majority of ICT models are complex, overly reliant on huge data, and lacking in self-idea functionality. Deep learning and business collaboration are two growing examples of innovative technologies. In this essay, showcasing its computer power, smart devices, and upcoming developments. We are primarily concentrating on the more general and specific applications of artificial intelligence

Comparison of salivary IgA levels in caries free and caries active children

Purpose: The aim of the study was to compare the salivary IgA levels and dental caries status in caries active and caries free children.Methods: Thirty children in the age group of 8-10 years were selected and divided into two groups, Group I caries free (dfs=0) and Group II caries active (dfs>10). Whole salivary IgA level was estimated using radial immunodiffusion method.Results: Whole salivary IgA levels were significantly higher in caries free children as compared to caries active children.Conclusions: Naturally occurring salivary IgA antibodies can play an important role in immunological control of dental caries.Key Words: Salivary IgA, dental caries, mutans streptococc

THE ROLE OF INTERNET OF THINGS(IOT) IN SMART HEALTHCARE SYSTEM

Healthcare has evolved thanks to the Internet of Things (IoT) revolution. Health management has replaced treatment as the primary focus of healthcare. As a result, as healthcare develops toward patient-oriented and analytical applications, more data are being collected and pooled than ever before. In addition to discussing health data and patient-centred health management, this article also covers several facets of smart healthcare. One of the most important industries that the Internet of Things (IoT) has modernized is healthcare. The ability to collect data and evaluate this enormous data is made possible by the shrinking of sensors. IoT sensors can be used to connect medical equipment and resources in order to gather data and process it. This paper provides a overview of certain IoT's effects on the healthcare industry. Healthcare cannot be outside of this paradigm given the rise of IoT technologies. The purpose of this article is to provide guidelines for achieving worldwide connectivity between medical environments and the Internet of Things (IoT

STUDY OF ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK

A subfield of machine learning is Artificial Neural Networks (ANN). This algorithm is based on the neural network of the human brain. An Artificial Neural Network is made up of a number of connected nodes that act as information carriers. Recently, artificial neural networks with artificial neurons that behave and perform like actual neurons were introduced. They are employed for a variety of tasks that a human brain may perform, including speech, hearing, reorganization, pattern-spotting, and storing knowledge. This is not the case for any artificial networking because these neural networks were combined and dynamically self-assembled. To tackle the issue, these neurons cooperate in clusters and divide it into smaller components. Engineering skill is required to make them, which are arranged in layers, solve issues in the actual world. The connections between the neurons are crucial because they serve as the system's glue during the excitation-inhibition process, in which one neuron is excited while the other is inhibited as in subtraction-addition operations. During training, this network controls the connections. The issues are identified and resolved by this ANN. This paper provides an overview of an Artificial Neural Network. Additionally, applications and types are explained in this research article

Assessing the efficacy and safety of pitavastatin compared to atorvastatin in dyslipidemic patients: a double blind randomized controlled trial

Background: Statins are the first choice in the treatment of dyslipidemia, commonly atorvastatin. Pitavastatin is a newer statin with more potency, less drug interactions and many added advantages considering the longevity of treatment required for dyslipidemia. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pitavastatin versus atorvastatin in dyslipidemic patients associated with hypertension, diabetes and/or coronary artery disease.Methods: A prospective, comparative, randomized, controlled, double blind, clinical trial was designed. Total 100 eligible subjects were randomised into 1:1 ratio to receive pitavastatin 4 mg once daily and atorvastatin 20 mg once daily for period of 8 weeks. Evaluation was scheduled at 4 week and 8 week. The efficacy assessment included percentage change from baseline in various lipid parameters like low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC), total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC), triglycerides (TG), and LDLC/HDLC ratio.Results: Analysis of data showed a significant improvement in all lipid parameters within both therapeutic groups. The difference in LDLC, TC and TG levels was not statistically significant between the two treatment groups after 8 weeks of therapy. However, significant improvement was seen in HDLC and LDLC/HDLC ratio with pitavastatin as compared to atorvastatin at the end of the study. Both were well tolerated.Conclusions: With better HDLC levels, in addition to comparable efficacy and good tolerability of pitavastatin, as compared to atorvastatin, could be considered as good alternative for treatment of dyslipidemia

Using Microbubbles as Targeted Drug Delivery to Improve AIDS

No preventive vaccines are available for the treatment of AIDS. To improve therapy, combinational antiretroviral drugs are given; however some patients develop resistance to particular combinational drug. Microbubble-mediated drug delivery technology solves the problem by reducing systemic dose and toxicity. Microbubbles are bubbles smaller than one millimeter in diameter but larger than one micrometer. The general composition of microbubble is gas core. The mechanism of microbubbles through which its delivery increases is sonoporation, the formation of openings in the vasculature, induced by ultrasound-triggered oscillations and destruction of microbubbles. Rapid isolation strategy of CD4+ cells is mixing blood and glass microbubbles which then bind with the specific target cells to the microbubble carrying specific antibodies on their surface. The target cells will spontaneously float to the top of the blood vial and can be quickly separated. The microbubbles are particularly used in the diagnosis of AIDS because of their cell isolation techniques which is rapid and inexpensive and their small size to pass through capillary for perfusion in tissue This review demonstrates the problems with the current treatment of the disease and shed light on the remarkable potential of microbubbles to provide more effective treatment and prevention for HIV/AIDS by advancing antiretroviral therapy, gene therapy, immunotherapy, vaccinology, and microbicides

Preserved to preservative free prostaglandin analogues in primary open angle glaucoma

Glaucoma affecting 60 million people all over the world and it will be 80 million till 2020. There are approximately 11.2 million persons aged 40 years and older with glaucoma in India. Primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) is commonest type, affecting 2/3rd of glaucoma patients. POAG is estimated to affect 6.48 million persons. The estimated number with primary angle-closure glaucoma is 2.54 million.POAG develops gradually and take long time to get detected and require long term treatment with topical prostaglandin analogues (PGF2) which is the most common as well as most widely used drugs. These PGF2 analogues need to be taken for longer time and more prone to develop adverse drug reactions. Common ADR seen with PG analogues are irritation on instillation, foreign body sensation, dryness of eyes, pain in eye, increased pigmentation of iris, increased eyelash growth, changes in periorbital sulcus and fat. Some ADRs (Adverse Drug Reaction) are explained by the inherent properties of Prostaglandins and those are not explained are because of preservative used in medication and these ADRs can be minimised by using preservative free drug like Tafluprost which are having same efficacy in decreasing IOP

Anti Leishmanial Activities of Some Anti-Depressant Drugs and Antifungal Drugs

Leishmanisis is wide range, worldwide, without drug, vaccine, secticide and has not sterileimmunity and efforts in this field have not been successful.Leishmaniasis is a complex vectorborne disease caused by different species of Leishmania. It affects at least 12 million people worldwide. Leishmaniasis is commonly associated with poor economic conditions and immunecompromised situations like HIV co infection. There is increasing in drug resistance tocommonly used therapeutics as well as lack of vaccine program. This leads to a perpetual searchfor a new drug for leishmaniasis. This review fundamentally deals with some antidepressantdrugs, and antifugal drugs showing the anti leishmanial activities. The antidepressant drugs are Imipramine, Sertraline, Ketanserin and Mianserin. Imipramine being a Tri Cyclic Antidepressant(TCA) drug kills Leishmania donovani elevating IL-12/IL-10 ratio. Sertraline belonging to theselective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) drugs, removes parasite loads from spleen and liverprobably by declining cytoplasmic ATP consumption. Ketanserin is a serotonin receptor (5-HT2A/2C) antagonist that kills both amastigotes and promastigotes probably due to inhibition of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMGR). Mianserin belonging to the TCAgroup of drug, kills both promastigote and amastigote parasites also probably due to theinhibition of HMGR. The present review will give the summarized information about puttingsome old antidepressant drugs for the treatment of another disease like Leishmania. Manytopical antifungals have been available, two important antibiotics: amphotericin B to deal withsystemic mycosis and griseofulvin to supplement attack on dermatophtes . A number ofantifungal agents have been investigated in a rodent model for their parasiticidal activity againstvisceral leishmaniasis. These drugs have been administered intravenously both alone, and inconjunction with liposomes. All the compounds tested: griseofulvin, 5-fluorocytosine, andamphotericin B—together with the known antileishmanial drug pentamidine—displayedenhanced therapeutic activity when given in liposomal form. In the case of amphotericin,liposomes composed of hydrogenated lecithin, or containing cholesterol or ergosterol in themembrane, were least toxic to the mammalian host, and had the highest therapeutic capability

Neuroactive steroids and their role in epilepsy

Neuroactive steroids are the certain steroids that alter neuronal excitability via the cell surface through interaction with certain neurotransmitter receptors. Neuroactive steroids regulate physiological functions of the central nervous system and have possible therapeutic potential in neurological diseases. They have been shown to affect neuronal excitability via their interaction with the ligand-gated ion channel family, such as the GABAA receptor by acting genomically as well as nongenomically. Positive modulators of GABAA receptor have anticonvulsant action as they enhance GABAergic transmission thereby increasing the seizure threshold. By virtue of these properties, neurosteroids appear to be relevant to pathophysiology and pharmacological treatment of many neurological diseases including catamenial epilepsy, stress induced epilepsy, temporal lobe epilepsy, alcohol withdrawal seizures, infantile spasm and status epilepticus. So far, only synthetic neurosteroid, ganaxolone has been tried in treatment of epilepsy and has shown good efficacy and tolerability. But, human data of trials are limited and hence, large double-blinded, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trials are required before their use. The paper reviews the biosynthesis and GABAA receptor modulation of neurosteroids and their potential role in epilepsy