85 research outputs found
Anion receptor design; exploiting outer sphere coordination chemistry to obtain high selectivity for chloridometalates over chloride.
High
anion selectivity for PtCl<sub>6</sub><sup>2–</sup> over Cl<sup>–</sup> is shown by a series of amidoamines, R<sup>1</sup>R<sup>2</sup>NCOCH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>NR<sup>3</sup>R<sup>4</sup> (L1 with R<sup>1</sup> = R<sup>4</sup> = benzyl and R<sup>2</sup> = R<sup>3</sup> = phenyl and L3 with R<sup>1</sup> = H, R<sup>2</sup> = 2-ethylhexyl, R<sup>3</sup> = phenyl and R<sup>4</sup> = methyl),
and amidoethers, R<sup>1</sup>R<sup>2</sup>NCOCH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>OR<sup>3</sup> (L5 with R<sup>1</sup> = H, R<sup>2</sup> =
2-ethylhexyl and R<sup>3</sup> = phenyl), which provide receptor sites
which extract PtCl<sub>6</sub><sup>2–</sup> preferentially
over Cl<sup>–</sup> in extractions from 6 M HCl solutions.
The amidoether receptor L5 was found to be a much weaker extractant
for PtCl<sub>6</sub><sup>2–</sup> than its amidoamine analogues.
Density functional theory calculations indicate that this is due to
the difficulty in protonating the amidoether to generate a cationic
receptor, LH<sup>+</sup>, rather than the latter showing weaker binding
to PtCl<sub>6</sub><sup>2–</sup>. The most stable forms of
the receptors, LH<sup>+</sup>, contain a tautomer in which the added
proton forms an intramolecular hydrogen bond to the amide oxygen atom
to give a six-membered proton chelate. Dispersion-corrected DFT calculations
appear to suggest a switch in ligand conformation for the amidoamine
ligands to an open tautomer state in the complex, such that the cationic
N–H or O–H groups are also readily available to form
hydrogen bonds to the PtCl<sub>6</sub><sup>2–</sup> ion, in
addition to the array of polarized C–H bonds. The predicted
difference in energies between the proton chelate and nonchelated
tautomer states for L1 is small, however, and the former is found
in the X-ray crystal structure of the assembly [(L1H)<sub>2</sub>PtCl<sub>6</sub>]. The DFT calculations and the X-ray structure indicate that
all LH<sup>+</sup> receptors present an array of polarized C–H
groups to the large, charge diffuse PtCl<sub>6</sub><sup>2–</sup> anion resulting in high selectivity of extraction of PtCl<sub>6</sub><sup>2–</sup> over the large excess of chloride
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