Chromium picolinate and chromium histidinate protects against renal dysfunction by modulation of NF-κB pathway in high-fat diet fed and Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Diabetic nephropathy is one of major complications of diabetes mellitus. Although chromium is an essential element for carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, its effects on diabetic nephropathy are not well understood. The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of chromium picolinate (CrPic) and chromium histidinate (CrHis) on nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and nuclear factor-E2-related factor-2 (Nrf2) pathway in the rat kidney.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Male Wistar rats were divided into six groups. Group I received a standard diet (8% fat) and served as a control; Group II was fed with a standard diet and received CrPic; Group III was fed with a standard diet and received CrHis; Group IV received a high fat diet (HFD, 40% fat) for 2 weeks and then were injected with streptozotocin (STZ) (HFD/STZ); Group V was treated as group IV (HFD/STZ) but supplemented with CrPic for 12 weeks. Group VI was treated as group IV (HFD/STZ) but supplemented with CrHis.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The increased NF-κβ p65 in the HFD/STZ group was inhibited by CrPic and CrHis supplementation (<it>P </it>< 0.05). In STZ-treated rats, a significant decrease in levels of nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells inhibitor, alpha (IκBα) was found in kidney tissues when compared to control rats (<it>P </it>< 0.05). A significant increase in the levels of IκBα was observed in CrPic- and CrHis-treated rats when compared with STZ-treated rats. Renal Nrf2 levels were significantly decreased in diabetic rats compared with the control rats. There was a higher tendency for increase of kidney Nrf2 level and decrease in kidney NFκBp65 levels and 4- hydroxyl nonenal (4-HNE) protein adducts (<it>P </it>< 0.05) in diabetic rats.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Our result show that in kidney tissue CrHis/CrPic increases Nrf2 level, parallelly decreases NF-κB and partially restores IκBα levels in HFD/STZ group, suggesting that CrPic and CrHis may play a role in antioxidant defense system via the Nrf2 pathway by reducing inflammation through NF-κβ p65 inhibition. Moreover, a greater reduction in NF-κB expression and greater increases in expressions of IκBα and Nrf2 in diabetic rats supplemented with CrHis than rats supplemented with CrPic suggest that CrHis has more favorable effects than CrPic.</p

Effect of isoflavones on atherosclerosis in peritoneal dialysis patients

Purpose: Cardiovascular disease is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with renal failure. Patients with chronic renal failure are significantly susceptible to atherosclerosis. Our aim is to investigate the effect of isoflavone upon atherosclerosis and inflammation in continuos ambulatory peritoneal dialysis patients. Material and Methods: Fifty eight patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis were enrolled in the study. The Patients have been separated into two groups. The first group with a plasebo, the second group with 40 mg soy isoflavones (Isoflavin and reg;, Mikro-Gen) 2 times per day was given to patients during 12 weeks. Two of them because of gastrointestinal side effects leaved the study and the study was completed with 56 patients. Before and after the treatment of isoflavone total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, hs-CRP, homocysteine, intima-media thickness, arterial stiffness values were measured and statistical analyses was made. Results: The levels of intima-media thickness, arterial stiffness and one of the inflammation marker hs-CRP was statistically lower after the treatment with isoflavones than the beginning of treatment. Conclusion: Finally; it can be supplied useful effects on inflammatory and atherosclerotic process by using of isoflavones which has antilipogenic, antihypertensive and improving vascular health properties in end stage renal disease. [Cukurova Med J 2016; 41(1.000): 112-120

Relationship between different body size indicators and hernia development in CAPD patients

Aims: A small body size may increase the risk for hernia development in patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). The present study investigates whether there is a relationship between body size and hernia development in CAPD patients. Material and methods: The records of 78 patients on CAPD were reviewed retrospectively. Body mass index (BMI), body surface area (BSA) and total body water (TBW) were calculated in all patients. Correlations between different body size indicators (BMI, BSA and TBW) and hernia development were assessed using analysis of covariance in which we adjusted for sex. Results: A total of 14 patients (17.9%) with no physical evidence of hernia before catheter insertion developed hernias. Body size was significantly lower in CAPD patients with hernias than those without hernias when adjusted for sex. Conclusions: We conclude that patients with small body size tend to have an increased risk for hernia development. A simple estimation of patients' height, weight, body surface area and total body water would be helpful to predict development of hernias or other complications related to increased intraperitoneal pressure in CAPD patients

Effects of long-term erythropoietin therapy on the hypothalamopituitary-testicular axis in male CAPD patients

Objective: Gonadal dysfunction has been recognized for a long time in uremic male patients. The present study assesses the hypothalamo-pituitary-testicular axis and growth hormone status in male continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients, before and after recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO) therapy

Case report. Candida lusitaniae peritonitis in a patient on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis

We report a case of Candida lusitania peritonitis in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. Since fluconazole therapy was not successful in this patient, the peritoneal catheter was removed and antifungal therapy continued, and the patient was then converted to haemodialysis. This treatment protocol was successful. We suggest that early peritoneal catheter removal should be considered in such cases

Atrial Fibrillation Due to Oral Methylprednisolone in a Patient with Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis

Cardiac adverse effects of intravenous pulse methylprednisolone administration are well known, but there is little information about the cardiac side effects of oral methylprednisolone in the literature. We present a 41 year-old man with membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis in whom developed atrial fibrillation after oral methylprednisolone therapy

First emerging objective experimental evidence of hearing impairment following subarachnoid haemorrhage; Felix culpa, phonophobia, and elucidation of the role of trigeminal ganglion

AYDIN, Nazan/0000-0003-3232-7713; Kanat, Ayhan/0000-0002-8189-2877; Ozdemir, Dogukan/0000-0003-2008-163XWOS: 000475959300009PubMed: 30636470Objective: the exact mechanism of phonophobia induced by subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) has not been understood well. This subject was investigated.Material and methods: This study was conducted on 25 rabbits. They divided into three groups: Five as control, five as SHAM, 20 as SAH group. All animals objected to 85dB impulse noise by daily periods, and their phonophobic score values were examined by daily periods for 20 days. Their brains, trigeminal ganglia were extracted bilaterally. the normal and degenerated neuron densities of trigeminal ganglia were examined by stereological methods and compared with phonophobia scores.Results: Phonophobic score was 19-17, mean live neuron density (LND) of the trigeminal ganglia was 16.3212.430/mm(3), and degenerated neuron density (DND) was 1.15 +/- 0.120/mm(3) in animals of control groups (n=5). the phonophobic score was 17-14, LND: 14.345 +/- 1.913/mm(3), DND of the trigeminal ganglia was 1.150 +/- 0.110/mm(3) in SHAM group (n=5). the phonophobic score was 14-8, LND: 12.987 +/- 1.966/mm(3), mean DND of the trigeminal ganglia was 2.520 +/- 510/mm(3) in animals with high phonophobia scores (n=6). the phonophobic score was 7-4, LND: 9.122 +/- 1.006, mean DND of the trigeminal ganglia was 5.820 +/- 1.610/mm(3), in animals with fever phonophobia scores (n=9).Conclusion: An inverse relationship between DND trigeminal ganglion (TGG) and phonopobic score was found. the paralysis of tensor tympani muscle owing to trigeminal ganglia ischemia may be responsible for phonophobic clinical state in animals with SAH. in addition, there seems to be an important concern for the verbal component of GCS in SAH. These two important findings have not been published previously