How does mother's working status and number of siblings affect school age child trauma presenting to the emergency department

 Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of mother working status and siblings on school-age child trauma admitted to the emergency department and to investigate school-age traumas.Methods: This prospective study was conducted with the approval of the ethics committee in the emergency department of a training and research hospital. All demographic data of the school-aged children (66 months-18 years) who applied to the emergency department, the location of the trauma, the mechanism of occurrence, the mother's working status, the presence and number of siblings, the duration of stay in the emergency department, clinical outcome and hospital service cost were recorded.Results: A total of 794 children were included in the study. 263(33.1%) were girls and 531(66.9%) were boys. Soft tissue trauma was the most common (94.3%). The place of the trauma was 62.7% out of school and 37.3% in school. When mother working conditions were analyzed, it was seen that 34.2% did not work. 97.1% of the children had one or more siblings. The most common trauma mechanism (65.6%) was collision and the second (60.6%) was falls. 99.1% of the patients were discharged. The length of stay in the emergency department of the Grade-schooler age group was higher than the Teen age group (p: 0,000). The length of stay in emergency department was higher in patients without siblings (p: 0.017). It was observed that those whose mothers did not work remained in the emergency room longer (p: 0,000). It was found that the ones whose mothers did not work mostly came with trauma mechanism as a result of falling (65.4%) (p: 0.044).Conclusions: Providing education for protection from accidents in schools and out of school to all people, especially children, parents and teachers, and making safe playgrounds with solid floors will minimize accident and injury rates and severity levels

An example of triggered earthquakes in western Turkey: 2000-2015 Afyon-Aksehir Graben earthquake sequences

We investigate significant earthquake sequences in the observation period between 2000 and 2015 along the Afyon-Aks,ehir Graben system in western Anatolia. These sequences include a series of strong events with moment magnitudes (M-w) larger than 5.5, e.g. Eber (M-w 5.8), Sultandagi (Mw 6.5) and Cay (M-w 5.8) earthquakes. The mainshocks are shallow focus normal events at depths of 815 km. Focal depths of aftershocks range from 2 to 30 km. The focal mechanisms of the aftershocks are mainly normal faulting with variable strike-slip components. The geometry of focal mechanisms reveals a normal faulting regime with NNE-SSW trending direction of T-axis in the entire activated region. A stress tensor inversion of focal mechanism data is performed to acquire a more accurate picture of the Afyon-Aksehir Graben stress field. The stress tensor inversion results display a predominant normal stress regime with a NWSE oriented maximum horizontal compressive stress (S-H). According to high-resolution hypocenter relocations of the Afyon-Aksehir Graben seismic sequences, six clusters are revealed. The aftershock activities in the observation period between 17 January 2000 and 26 October 2015 extend from east to west direction. Seismic cross-sections show that a complex pattern of the hypocenter distribution with the activation of Sultandagi Fault segments. The western clusters are associated with a fault plane trending mainly E-W and dipping towards SE, while the eastern clusters are related to a fault plane trending NW-SE and dipping towards vertical. The best constrained focal depths are mainly confined in the crust (depth < 30 km) and run in the approximate depth range from 2 to 30 km. Moreover, Coulomb stress analysis is also performed to estimate the stress loading for the activated region. We obtain more than 3 bars for positive lobes. This result defines that the values are large enough to increase the Coulomb stress failure towards NE-SW direction

Red cell distribution width may help to discriminate synthetic cannabinoid users in the emergency department

Background: Differentiating bonsai users from the suspected users is problematic. The aim was to determine whether bonsai using men and the others can be distinguished via the hemogram parameters such as mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean platelet volume (MPV), red cell distribution width (RDW) and Plateletcrit (PCT).Methods: In this retrospective case-control study, a total of 138 men admitted to ED were investigated in Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey in 2014. The patients were divided into 2 groups which were the first group had included bonsai users whereas the second group was consist of men not using bonsai. Complete blood count tests were performed on all patients.Results: Among the suspected bonsai users, 68 were diagnosed to use bonsai. It was found that MCV, RDW and PCT levels were significantly higher in bonsai users compared to controls while MPV levels were lower in the users. Author put all these parameters to logistic regression analysis model using enter method. RDW (OR: 3.98, 95%CI:2.180-7.266, p&lt;0.0001), MPV (OR:0.526, 95%CI:0.373-0.742, p&lt;0.0001) and PCT (OR:&lt;0.0001, 95%CI:0.000-0.058, p=0.007) were independent variables to discriminate bonsai users from that of suspected users. The most promising parameter to differentiate bonsai users from suspected users was RDW (AUC: 0.748, 95%CI: 0.668-0.828, p:&lt;0.0001). The optimal cut-off value was found as 10.8 for RDW with a sensitivity, specificity, +LR and -LR as 66.2%, 64.3%, 1.85, 0.53, respectively.Conclusions: RDW marker can be a reliable parameter to discriminate bonsai users from that of suspected users with moderate sensitivity and specificity

The 16 April 2015 M-w 6.0 offshore eastern Crete earthquake and its aftershock sequence: implications for local/regional seismotectonics

We examine the 16 April 2015 M-w 6.0 offshore eastern Crete earthquake and its aftershock sequence in southern Aegean Sea. Centroid moment tensors for 45 earthquakes with moment magnitudes (M-w) between 3.3 and 6.0 are determined by applying a waveform inversion method. The mainshock is shallow focus thrust event with a strike-slip component at a depth of 30 km. The seismic moment (M-o) of the mainshock is estimated as 1.33 x 10(18) Nm, and rupture duration of the mainshock is 3.5 s. The focal mechanisms of aftershocks are mainly thrust faulting with a strike-slip component. The geometry of the moment tensors (M-w >= 3.3) reveals a thrust-faulting regime with NE-SW-trending direction of T axis in the entire activated region. According to high-resolution hypocenter relocation of the eastern Crete earthquake sequence, one main cluster consisting of 352 events is revealed. The aftershock activity in the observation period between 5 January 2015 and 7 July 2015 extends from N to S direction. Seismic cross sections indicate a complex pattern of the hypocenter distribution with the activation of three segments. The subduction interface is clearly revealed with high-resolution hypocenter relocation and moment tensor solution. The best constrained focal depths indicate that the aftershock sequence is mainly confined in the upper plate (depth <40 km) and are ranging from about 4.5 to 39 km depth. A stress tensor inversion of focal mechanism data is performed to obtain a more precise picture of the offshore eastern Crete stress field. The stress tensor inversion results indicate a predominant thrust stress regime with a NW-SE-oriented maximum horizontal compressive stress (S-H). According to variance of the stress tensor inversion, to first order, the Crete region is characterized by a homogeneous interplate stress field. We also investigate the Coulomb stress change associated with the mainshock to evaluate any significant enhancement of stresses along Crete and surrounding regions. Positive lobes with stress more than 3 bars are obtained for the mainshock, indicating that these values are large enough to increase the Coulomb stress failure toward NE-SW and NW-SE directions, respectively

Seismotectonics of the Antalya Basin and surrounding regions in eastern Mediterranean from 8 to 28 December 2013 M-w 5.0-5.8 earthquake sequence

The 8-28 December 2013 M-w 5.0-5.8 Antalya Basin earthquake sequence in eastern Mediterranean is examined. Centroid moment tensors for 16 earthquakes with moment magnitudes (M-w) between 3.6 and 5.8 are determined by applying a waveform inversion method. All earthquakes are shallow focus thrust events at a depth of 40-45 km. The seismic moments (M-o) of the earthquakes are estimated as 4.10 x 10(16)-5.54 x 10(17) N m and rupture durations of the mainshocks are 20-22 s. The focal mechanisms of the aftershocks are mainly thrust faulting with a strike-slip component and reveal NW-SE trending direction of T-axis in the entire activated region. According to high-resolution hypocenter relocation of the Antalya earthquake sequence, seven main clusters are revealed. The aftershock activity in the observation period between 1 December 2013 and 23 January 2015 extends in an N to S direction. A seismic cross-section indicates that a complex pattern of the hypocenter distribution with the activation of seven segments. The westernmost cluster (cluster 1) is associated with a fault plane trending mainly WNW-ESE and dipping vertical, while the cluster 5 is related to a fault plane trending NNE-SSW and dipping towards SSE. The best constrained focal depths indicate that the aftershock sequence is mainly confined in the crust (depth < 40 km) and are operating in the approximate depth range from 3 to 110 km. A stress tensor inversion of focal mechanism data is performed to obtain a more precise picture of the Antalya Basin stress field. The stress tensor inversion results indicate a predominant thrust stress regime with a NE-SW oriented maximum horizontal compressive stress (S-H). According to variance of the stress tensor inversion, to first order, the Antalya Basin is characterized by a homogeneous interplate stress field. The Coulomb stress change associated with two mainshocks are also investigated to evaluate any significant enhancement of stresses along the Antalya Basin and surrounding regions. Positive lobes with stress of more than 0.4 bars are obtained for two mainshocks, indicating that these values are large enough to increase the Coulomb stress failure towards NE-SW and NW-SE directions, respectively. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

The 10 June 2012 Fethiye M-w 6.0 aftershock sequence and its relation to the 24-25 April 1957 M-s 6.9-7.1 earthquakes in SW Anatolia, Turkey

The 10 June 2012 M-w, 6.0 aftershock sequence in southwestern Anatolia is examined. Centroid moment tensors for 23 earthquakes with moment magnitudes (M-w) between 3.7 and 6.0 are determined by applying a waveform inversion method. The mainshock is a shallow focus strike-slip with reverse component event at a depth of 30 km. The seismic moment (M-0) of the mainshock is estimated as 1.28 x 10(18) Nm and rupture duration of the Fethiye mainshock is 38 s. The focal mechanisms of the aftershocks are mainly strike-slip faulting with a reverse component. The geometry of the focal mechanisms reveals a strike-slip faulting regime with NE-SW trending direction of T-axis in the entire activated region. A stress tensor inversion of focal mechanism data is performed to obtain a more accurate picture of the Fethiye earthquake stress field. The stress tensor inversion results indicate a predominant strike-slip stress regime with a NW-SE oriented maximum horizontal compressive stress (S-H). According to variance of the stress tensor inversion, to first order, the Fethiye earthquake area is characterized by a homogeneous interplate stress field. The Coulomb stress change associated with the mainshock and the largest aftershock are also investigated to evaluate any significant enhancement of stresses along the Gulf of Fethiye and surrounding region. Positive lobes with stress more than 0.4 bars are obtained, indicating that these values are large enough to increase the Coulomb stress failure towards NNW-SSE and E-W directions. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved