Comparison of two hydrological drought indices

SummaryDrought is a naturally occurring periodical event associated with significant decrease of water availability over a region. Drought, being a complex in nature it is difficult to define, quantify and monitor. Drought is mainly classified into meteorological drought, hydrological drought and agricultural drought. Among these classifications, assessment of hydrological drought has more importance in the water resources management perspective. Objective of this study is to analyse multi-time step hydrological drought by Stream flow Drought Index (SDI) and Standardized Runoff Index (SRI). To obtain these indices, 36 years (1972–2007) of daily discharge data, measured in Ghataprabha river basin (a sub basin of Krishna river) is considered. Results of both indices indicate moderate drought between 1986–1988 and 2001–2005 continuously. While comparing both indices, there is a good correlation between 9-month SRI and SDI is observed and it increases for 12-month SRI and SDI. This study may help to choose the appropriate drought indices among SRI and SDI for different lengths of drought studies

Preparation and characterization of novel PSf/PVP/PANI-nanofiber nanocomposite hollow fiber ultrafiltration membranes and their possible applications for hazardous dye rejection

In the present study, PANI (polyaniline)-nanofibers were synthesized by interfacial polymerization technique, dispersed in n-Methyl-2-Pyrrolidone (NMP) solvent and blended with PVP (Polyvinylpyrrolidone)/PSf (Polysulfone) for preparing the novel hollow fiber membrane by dry–wet spinning technique. The newly prepared nanocomposite ultrafiltration hollow fiber membrane is characterized by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Contact Angle, Zeta Potential and Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC). Filtration studies are conducted to measure the membrane pure water flux (PWF), rejection of hazardous dye (Reactive Red 120) and fouling resistance. The maximum rejections are obtained for M 0.5 membrane with 99.25% rejection of RR120 hazardous dye at 2 bar pressure. The pure water flux, percentage rejection, antifouling property and thermal resistance increased with an increase in PANI-nanofiber concentration. The contact angle of the membrane decreased with increasing PANI-nanofiber concentration, which indicated increased hydrophilicity of the new membranes