Turonian (Upper Cretaceous) inoceramid bivalves of the genus Mytiloides from the Sredna Gora Mountains, north-western Bulgaria

The inoceramid bivalves of the genus Mytiloides, from the Turonian (Upper Cretaceous) of the Sredna Gora Mts (north-western Bulgaria), are studied. The material comes from three sections: Izvor, Filipovtsi, and Vrabchov dol. Eight species are described taxonomically, with one left in open nomenclature: M. cf. mytiloides (Mantell, 1822), M. mytiloidiformis (Tröger, 1967), M. incertus (Jimbo, 1894), M. scupini (Heinz, 1930), M. herbichi (Atabekian, 1969), M. striatoconcentricus (Gümbel, 1868), M. labiatoidiformis (Tröger, 1967) and M. carpathicus (Simionescu, 1899). Mytiloides incertus and Mytiloides scupini are index species for the eponymous Upper Turonian inoceramid biozone

The echinoids of the K/T boundary Moravitsa section (Western Fore-Balkan, Bulgaria)

The Moravitsa section is located SSE of the homonymous village, SW of the town of Mezdra (Vratsa District, southern part of north-west Bulgaria), near an affluent of the Iskar river. It is part of the southern limb of the Mezdra syncline (West Fore-Balkan) that comprises, from base to top, the following Upper Cretaceous lithostratigraphic units: Dârmanci (=Darmantsi) Formation, Kunino Formation, Mezdra Formation, and Kajlâka Formation (Jolkičev, 1986; 2006). The section is mostly represented by sandstones (Darmantsi Formationpassing into glauconitic nodular limestones (Kunino Formation) in the lower part, and a thick cyclic carbonate sequence including chert levels and thin-bedded limestones with abundant chert concretions (Mezdra Formation), some of them echinoids themselves, in its upper part. It keeps a register of the K/T boundary, based on an iridium anomaly (Sinnyovski, 1998, 2003). This fact has favoured the study of the occurring micro- and macrofauna, especially in the last decades (e.g. Stoykova et al., 2001). In the last two years, the current authors have developed an integrated biostratigraphic framework based on its ammonites, inoceramids and echinoids that will soon be submitted. This is an advance of its echinoids chapter. Keywords: Echinoidea, Maastrichtian, Danian, Moravitsa, W Fore-Balka

Drafting and validating regulations: the inevitable use of intelligent tools

In this paper we describe first the nature of laws and regu- lations, which are not-normal, fragmented pieces of text, that can only be understood by using some (implicit) model about the world to be regulated. Then we describe the process of drafting regulations, in par- ticular the need to verify and validate their intended effects, i.e. deontic statements. We present an ontology, FOLaw, [13] and a prototype sys- tem, TRACS (Traffic Regulation Automation and Comparison System), which was created to test new traffic regulations [2]. Even a few runs of tests showed major deficiencies in this regulation. An extended version of TRACS also enables the generation of paraphrases of regulation, and even to some extent, from scratch. The implication of the use of these kind of tools are discussed; not only for checking consistency, but also for aligning (“harmonizing”) regulations of different legal systems (nations)

Towards expert knowledge representation for automatic breast cancer detection

Lecture notes in artificial intelligenc

The echinoids of the K/T boundary Moravitsa section (Western Fore-Balkan, Bulgaria)

la cita de P. scorpioides es novedosa para Cataluña (provincia de Barcelona).Additionally, the detection of P. scorpioides in Barcelona province provides the first record from Catalonia (Barcelona province).la cita de P. scorpioides es novedosa para Cataluña (provincia de Barcelona)

Duration of ammonite zones and characteristic Jurassic fossil taxa from the Pliensbachian–Aalenian successions of Bulgaria

The relative durations of ammonite biozones and selected ammonite taxa, as well as some bioevents associated with coeval Lower–Middle Jurassic benthic taxa are represented herein. Based on linked Sr-isotope data, we found a notable difference in the time spans of the zones and in the relative longevity of the guiding ammonite genera around the Pliensbachian/Toarcian (P/T) boundary. The last occurrences of the well-known late Pliensbachian bivalve taxa Gryphaea gigantea and Pseudopecten aequivalvis were dated at 184 Ma and 183.8 Ma, respectively. Recently defined Toarcian–Aalenian autochtonous brachiopod taxa (Bulgariarhynchia and Capillirhynchia brezenensis) were found to have significant taxonomic durations (2 Ma and 5 Ma). The Sr-isotope data also revealed ~2 Ma duration of seawater warming and 0.2 Ma fossil hiatus around the P/T boundary