New Method Of Isotope Pattern Analysis

A program, called AC, has been developed in Turbo Pascal to calculate the elemental compositions of ions produced in low resolution mass spectra by analysis of the isotope patterns. The program compares calculated intensities with experimentally determined intensities and lists the best matches. It also allows for subtraction of overlapping patterns. © 1991.152149155Bell, (1974) J. Chem. Educ., 51, p. 548Dombek, Lowther, Carberry, (1971) J. Chem. Educ., 48, p. 729Kavanagh, Program for elemental analysis using low or medium resolution mass spectra (1980) Organic Mass Spectrometry, 15, p. 334Stenhagen, Abrahamson, McLafferty, (1969) Atlas of Mass Spectral Data, , Interscience, New YorkTenhosarri, Computer-assisted composition analysis of unknown compounds by simultaneous analysis of the intensity ratios of isotope patterns of the molecular ion and daughter ions in low-resolution mass spectra (1988) Organic Mass Spectrometry, 23, p. 23

Applying Moving Median Digital Filter To Mass Spectrometry And Potentiometric Titration

This paper describes the use of a moving median filter in chemical applications. A probabilistic approach shows the performance in elimination of outliers. The principal advantage over linear filters is the elimination of outliers without significant deformation of the analytical signal. A decrease in level of the normal random noise is also observed. However, the attenuation is lower that obtained by using the moving average with the same smoothing interval size and it is dependent of derivative of the signal. A characteristic of this method is that the peaks are not broadened, however their tops can be cut off. © 1995.3102281288Rousseeuw, Tutorial to robust statistics (1991) Journal of Chemometrics, 5, pp. 1-20Vankeerberghen, Vandenbosch, Smeyers-Verbeke, Massart, (1991) Chemom. Intell. Lab. Syst., 12, pp. 3-13Phillips, Eyring, (1983) Anal. Chem., 55, pp. 1134-1138Massart, Kaufman, Rousseeuw, Leroy, (1986) Anal. Chim. Acta, 187, pp. 171-179Yuzhu, Smeyers-Verbeke, Massart, (1990) Chemom. Intell. Lab. Syst., 9, pp. 31-44Savitzky, Golay, (1964) Anal. Chem., 36, pp. 1627-1639van Rijswick, (1974) Chromatographia, 7, pp. 491-501Bialkowski, Real-Time Digital Filters: Infinite Impulse Response Filters (1988) Analytical Chemistry, 60, pp. 355A-361ASmit, (1990) Chemom. Intell. Lab. Syst., 8, pp. 15-27Caesar, Klier, (1974) Chromatographia, 7, pp. 526-529Xie, Wang, Liang, Yu, (1992) Anal. Chim. Acta, 269, pp. 307-316Phillips, Harris, (1990) Anal. Chem., 62, pp. 2351-2357CSMA software, Princeton Instruments Inc., Trenton, NJDavies, (1992) Electron. Lett., 28, pp. 199-201Davies, (1990) Machine Vision: Theory, Algorithms, Practicalities, , Academic, LondonDavies, (1988) Pattern Recogn. Lett., 7, p. 87Fitch, Coyle, Gallagher, (1985) IEEE Trans. Acoust. Speech Signal Process., 33, p. 230Gallagher, Wise, (1981) IEEE Trans. Acoust. Speech Signal Process., 29, p. 1136Tukey, (1971) Exploratory Data Analysis, , Addison-Wesley, Menlo ParkAldus Photostyler 1.1a, Aldus Co., Seattle, WALabVIEW2, National Instruments, Austin, TXHavlicek, Katz, McKeeman, (1992) Electron. Lett., 28, pp. 1258-1260Weisman, Dougherty, Mizes, Miller, (1992) J. Appl. Phys., 71, pp. 1565-1578Bauer, Sartori, Bryden, An IIR median hydrid filter (1992) IEEE Trans. Signal Process., 40, pp. 1068-1078Astola, Heinonen, Neuvo, (1989) IEEE Trans. Circ. Systems, 36, pp. 1430-1438Davies, The Relative Effects of Median and Mean Filters on Noisy Signals (1992) Journal of Modern Optics, 39, pp. 103-113Kendall, Stuart, (1969) The Advanced Theory of Statistics, 1, pp. 328-329. , 3rd edn., Charles Griffin, Londondo Lago, Kascheres, (1993) Lab. Microcomp., 12, pp. 1-4V.F. Juliano, C. Kascheres and C.L. do Lago, Improvements on a Magnetic Field Probe for Double Focusing Mass Spectrometer using a Unijunction Transistor, Lab. Microcomp., in pressPress, Flannery, Teukolsky, Vetterling, (1986) Numerical Recipes: the art of scientific computing, p. 202. , Cambridge University Press, Cambridg

Microchip Free-flow Electrophoresis On Glass Substrate Using Laser-printing Toner As Structural Material

In this work, a microfluidic free-flow electrophoresis device, obtained by thermal toner transferring on glass substrate, is presented. A microdevice can be manufactured in only 1 h. The layout of the microdevice was designed in order to improve the fluidic and electrical characteristics. The separation channel is 8 μm deep and presents an internal volume of 1.42 μL. The deleterious electrolysis effects were overcome by using a system that isolates the electrolysis products from the separation channel. The Joule heating dissipation in the separation channel was found to be very efficient up to a current density of 8.83 mA/mm2 that corresponds to a power dissipation per unit volume of running electrolyte of 172 mW/μL. Promising results were obtained in the evaluation of the microdevices for the separation of ionic dyes. The microfluidic device can be used for a continuous sample pretreatment step for micro total analysis system. © 2006 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.272449354942Manz, A., Graber, N., Widmer, H.M., (1990) Sens. Actuators, B1, pp. 244-248Reyes, D.R., Iossifidis, D., Auroux, P.-A., Manz, A., (2002) Anal. Chem., 74, pp. 2623-2636Reyes, D.R., Iossifidis, D., Auroux, P.-A., Manz, A., (2002) Anal. Chem., 74, pp. 2637-2652Lion, N., Rohner, T.C., Dayon, L., Arnaud, I.L., (2003) Electrophoresis, 24, pp. 3533-3562Barrolier, V.J., Watzke, E., Gibian, H., (1958) Z. Naturforsch., 13 B, pp. 754-755Hannig, K., (1961) Z. Anal. Chem., 181, pp. 244-254Wagner, H., (1989) Nature, 341, pp. 669-670Roman, M.C., Brown, P.R., (1994) Anal. Chem., 66, pp. 86A-94AKřivánková, L., Boček, P., (1998) Electrophoresis, 19, pp. 1064-1074Loseva, O.I., Gavryushkin, A.V., Osipov, V.V., Vanyakin, E.N., (1998) Electrophoresis, 19, pp. 1127-1134Poggel, M., Melin, T., (2001) Electrophoresis, 22, pp. 1008-1015Kašička, V., Prusik, Z., (1994) Am. Lab., 26, pp. 22-28Kašička, V., Prusik, Z., Sazelova, P., Jiracek, J., Barth, T., (1998) J. Chromatogr. A, 796, pp. 211-220Bauer, J., (1999) J. Chromatogr. B, 722, pp. 55-69Hirokawa, T., Ohta, T., Tanaka, I., Nakamura, K., (1993) J. Chromatogr., 638, pp. 215-223Chartogne, A., Tjaden, U.R., Van der Greef, J., (2000) Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom., 14, pp. 1269-1274Schmitt-Kopplin, P., Kettrup, A., (2003) Electrophoresis, 24, pp. 3057-3066Mazereeuw, M., de Best, C.M., Tjaden, U.R., Irth, H., Van der Greef, J., (2000) Anal. Chem., 72, pp. 3881-3886Raymond, D.E., Manz, A., Widmer, H.M., (1994) Anal. Chem., 66, pp. 2858-2865Raymond, D.E., Manz, A., Widmer, H.M., (1996) Anal. Chem., 68, pp. 2515-2522Kobayashi, H., Shimamura, K., Akaida, T., Sakano, K., (2003) J. Chromatogr. A, 990, pp. 169-178Zhang, C.-X., Manz, A., (2003) Anal. Chem., 75, pp. 5759-5766Fonslow, B.R., Bowser, M.T., (2005) Anal. Chem., 77, pp. 5706-5710Macke, M., Andersson, P., Haddad, P.R., (1998) Anal. Chem., 70, pp. 743-749Lago, C.L., Silva, H.D.T., Neves, C.A., Brito-Neto, J.G.A., Fracassi da Silva, J.A., (2003) Anal. Chem., 75, pp. 3853-3858Lago, C.L., Neves, C.A., de Jesus, D.P., Silva, H.D.T., (2004) Electrophoresis, 25, pp. 3825-3831de Jesus, D.P., Brito-Neto, J.G.A., Richter, E.M., Angnes, L., (2005) Anal. Chem., 77, pp. 607-614Fracassi da Silva, J.A., Lago, C.L., (1998) Anal. Chem., 70, pp. 4339-434

Fast Multidimensional (3d And 4d) Ms2 And Ms3 Scans In A High-transmission Pentaquadrupole Mass Spectrometer

A high-transmission Extrel pentaquadrupole mass spectrometer was interfaced to an IBM-compatible microcomputer, and a variety of object-oriented programs in the Microsoft Windows operating system were developed to operate and to increase the versatility of the instrument A selective prescan procedure and the complete control of all three mass-scanning quadrupoles made possible very fast acquisition of several types of three- and four-dimensional MS2 and MS3 spectra, while the high transmission of the quadrupoles conferred excellent signal-to-noise levels to both MS2 and MS3 spectra. By performing an unrestricted third-order (MS3) experiment through scanning of the three mass-analyzer quadrupoles, an entire MS3 data domain was acquired, and the results were collected in the first 4D MS3 mass spectrum. Data projection and data extraction procedures were applied to the 4D spectrum, each of which yielded spectra that provide very specific analytical information. The applicabilities of this and several other multidimensional mass scans were further demonstrated, particularly toward the study of gas phase ion chemistry processes. A consecutive MS3 neutral gain/neutral loss scan was for the first time applied and proved to be very selective for the detection of acylium ions in the gas phase. The application of a 3D MS2 scan, applied in conjunction with the membrane introduction mass spectrometry technique, for fast and simultaneous qualitative, quantitative, and structural analyses of volatile organic compounds in water was also demonstrated.68813281334McLafferty, F.W., (1993) Org. Mass Spectrom., 28, p. 1403McLafferty, F.W., (1983) Tandem Mass Spectrometry, , Wiley: New YorkBusch, K.L., Glish, G.L., McLuckey, S.A., (1988) Mass Spectrometry/Mass Spectrometry: Techniques and Applications of Tandem Mass Spectrometry, , VCH: New YorkCooks, R.G., (1979) Collision Spectroscopy, , Plenum: New YorkCooks, R.G., Hoke II, S.H., Lammert, S.A., (1992) Int. 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Acta, 310, p. 281Extrel Mass Spectrometry (1992) Model C50 Mass Spectrometer-User Reference Manual, , Extrel Corp.: Pittsburgh, PAThe name "familial scan" has been chosen to describe the experiment since the relationship of all products and all parents to a particular intermediate ion is obtainedsee ref 2noteBudzikiewicz, H., Djerassi, C., Williams, D.H., (1967) Mass Spectrometry of Organic Compounds, , Holden-Day: San FrancisconoteGozzo, F.C., Eberlin, M.N., Unpublished resultsYost, R.A., Enke, C.G., (1986) Mass Spectrometry in Biomedical Research, , Gaskell, S. J., Ed.Wiley: New York, Chapter 8Eckenrode, B.A., Watson, J.T., Enke, C.G., Holland, J.F., (1988) Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Processes, 83, p. 177Coutant, J.E., McLafferty, F.W., (1972) Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Phys., 8, p. 23Lacey, M.J., MacDonald, C.G., (1978) Organic Mass Spectrom., 13, p. 284Lacey, M. J.MacDonald, C. G. In ref 1b, Chapter 16Warburton, G.A., Stradling, R.S., Mason, R.S., Farncombe, M., (1981) Org. Mass Spectrom., 16, p. 507Fraefel, A., Seibl, J., (1985) Mass Spectrom. Rev., 4, p. 151Kotiaho, T., Lauritsen, F.R., Choudhury, T.K., Cooks, R.G., Tsao, G.T., (1991) Anal. Chem., 63, pp. 875

Determination Of Anions, Cations, And Sugars In Coconut Water By Capillary Electrophoresis

This work presents the determination of several analytes in coconut water by using capillary electrophoresis with contactless conductivity detection (CCD). It was analyzed 5 different samples: two unprocessed (natural) coconut water and three processed (commercial) ones. The samples were injected without pretreatment and only a simple dilution was necessary. The technique was applied to quantify 12 analytes: chloride, sulfate, phosphate, malate, ascorbate, potassium, sodium, calcium, magnesium, fructose, glucose, and sucrose with limit of detection (LOD) of 0.09, 0.12, 0.50, 0.97, 1.2, 0.05, 0.17, 0.12, 0.08, 5.4, 7.4, and 8.9 mg L-1, respectively. These analysis were done utilizing four different running buffers. ©2005 Sociedade Brasileira de Química.166 A11341139Banzon, J.A., (1977) Philippine J. Coconut Studies, 2, p. 13Seow, C.C., Gwee, C.N., (1997) Int. J. Food Sci. Tecnol., 32, p. 189Aragão, W.M., A Importância Do Coqueiro-Anão Verde, , http://www.embrapa.brSantoso, U., Kubo, K., Ota, T., Tadokoro, T., Mackawa, A., (1996) Food Chem., 7, p. 299Aleixo, P.C., Nóbrega, J.A., Santos, D., Muller, P.C.S., (2000) Quim. Nova, 23, p. 310Dey, G., Sachan, A., Ghosh, S., Mitra, A., (2003) Ind. Crops Prod., 18, p. 171Leong, L.P., Shui, G., (2002) Food Chem., 76, p. 69Wagner, K.-H., Derkits, S., Herr, M., Schuh, H., Elmadfa, I., (2002) Food Chem., 78, p. 375Andrade, E.R., Amorim, C.A., Matos, M.H.T., Rodrigues, A.P.R., Silva, J.R.V., Dode, M.A.N., Figueiredo, J.R., (2002) Small Ruminant Res., 43, p. 235Jackson, J.C., Gordon, A., Wizzard, G., McCook, K., Rolle, R., (2004) J. Sci. Food Agric., 84, p. 1049Petroianu, G.A., Kosanovic, M., Shehatta, I.S., Mahgoub, B., Saleh, A., Maleck, W.H., (2004) J. Trace Element. Exp. Med., 17, p. 273Khan, M.N., Muti-Ur-Rehman, Khan, K.W., (2003) Pakistan J. Botany, 35, p. 925Brito, N.M., Navickiene, S., Polese, L., Jardim, E.F.G., Abakerli, R.B., Ribeiro, M.L., (2002) J. Chromatogr. A, 957, p. 201Ge, L.Y., Yong, J.W.H., Tan, S.N., Yang, X.H., Ong, E.S., (2004) J. Chromatogr. A, 1048, p. 119Da Silva, J.A.F., Guzman, N., Do Lago, C.L., (2002) J. Chromatogr. A, 942, p. 249Da Silva, J.A.F., Do Lago, C.L., (1998) Anal. Chem., 70, p. 4339Rocha, F.R., Da Silva, J.A.F., Do Lago, C.L., Fornaro, A., Gutz, I.G.R., (2003) Atmos. Environ., 37, p. 105Da Silva, J.A.F., Ricelli, N.L., Carvalho, A.Z., Do Lago, C.L., (2003) J. Braz. Chem. Soc., 14, p. 265Munoz, R.A.A., Richter, E.M., De Jesus, D.P., Do Lago, C.L., Angnes, L., (2004) J. Braz. Chem. Soc., 15, p. 523Carvalho, A.Z., Da Silva, J.A.F., Do Lago, C.L., (2003) Electrophoresis, 24, p. 213

Toner And Paper-based Fabrication Techniques For Microfluidic Applications

The interest in low-cost microfluidic platforms as well as emerging microfabrication techniques has increased considerably over the last years. Toner- and paper-based techniques have appeared as two of the most promising platforms for the production of disposable devices for on-chip applications. This review focuses on recent advances in the fabrication techniques and in the analytical/bioanalytical applications of toner and paperbased devices. The discussion is divided in two parts dealing with (i) toner and (ii) paper devices. Examples of miniaturized devices fabricated by using direct-printing or toner transfer masking in polyester-toner, glass, PDMS as well as conductive platforms as recordable compact disks and printed circuit board are presented. The construction and the use of paper-based devices for off-site diagnosis and bioassays are also described to cover this emerging platform for low-cost diagnostics. © 2010 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA.311524872498Manz, A., Graber, N., Widmer, H.M., (1990) Sens. Actuat. B, 1, pp. 244-248Reyes, D.R., Iossifidis, D., Auroux, P.A., Manz, A., (2002) Anal. Chem., 74, pp. 2623-2636Auroux, P.A., Iossifidis, D., Reyes, D.R., Manz, A., (2002) Anal. Chem., 74, pp. 2637-2652Vilkner, T., Janasek, D., Manz, A., (2004) Anal. Chem., 76, pp. 3373-3385Dittrich, P.S., Tachikawa, K., Manz, A., (2006) Anal. Chem., 78, pp. 3887-3907West, J., Becker, M., Tombrink, S., Manz, A., (2008) Anal. Chem., 80, pp. 4403-4419Dolnik, V., Liu, S.R., Jovanovich, S., (2000) Electrophoresis, 21, pp. 41-54Castano-Alvarez, M., Ayuso, D.F.P., Granda, M.G., Fernandez-Abedul, M.T., Garcia, J.R., Costa-Garcia, A., (2008) Sens. Actuat. B., 130, pp. 436-448Coltro, W.K.T., Carrilho, E., (2007) Handbook of Capillary and Microchip Electrophoresis and Associated Microtechniques, pp. 1169-1184. , Landers, J. P. 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Micro Chemical Analysis Systems. Introduction, Fabrication Technologies, Instrumentation And Applications [microssistemas De Análises Químicas. Introdução, Tecnologias De Fabricação, Instrumentação E Aplicações]

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