Mineral element distribution of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) seedlings under different salinity levels

Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) is the world's leading natural fiber and second largest oilseed crop. In addition to textile manufacturing, cotton and cotton-by products are the sources of wealth of consumer based products, livestock feed, fertilizer, foodstuff and paper. High concentrations of NaCl in soils account for large decreases in the yield of a wide variety of crops all over the world. The present study was conducted to evaluate NaCl stress on mineral nutrient composition of cotton due to its economic importance. Cotton seeds were germinated in Magenta vessels containing Murshige and Skoog (MS) media for 15 days and then transferred in sterile jars containing MS exposed to different levels of NaCl (50, 100, 200 and 400 mM) treatments for 1 month. Uptake of some mineral nutrients (B, Ca, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na and Zn) by the plants was examined in roots and leaves by using an Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometer (ICP-OES). The data proved that plant growth and uptake and accumulation of microelements are altered extensively in cotton grown with NaCl. Excess NaCl reduces the uptake pattern of certain elements and increases that of others, the patterns depending on the element and the plant part being compared to the control.Marmara University, Commission of Scientific Research Project under grant FEN-A-030108-001

Historical Alfalfa Landraces Perform Higher Yield Under Dry Farming in Turkey

AbstractDrought is a serious abiotic stress affecting crop yield and is an increasingly significant challenge to crop production with the climate change. Cultivars that perform well under limited water are the key for the global food security. One of the main problems for plant breeders is the availability of plant germplasm that could perform well under water limited conditions. There is wealth of wild germplasm adapted to water limited environments but they yield poorly in agricultural systems. However, historical landraces could be the key to counterbalance the yield loses due to increased drought caused by climate change. Alfalfa is a forge legume cultivated throughout the world and affected from drought significantly. USDA Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN) has a collection of Turkish alfalfa landraces gathered in second half of the last century. In this study, we evaluated the agronomic performance of a total of 100 historical landraces, wild accessions and modern cultivars in a replicated field trial in two locations in Kars Province of Turkey in order to evaluate the field performance of the accessions under non-irrigated conditions and to compare yield performance of landraces with modern cultivars.The results revealed that when all 100 entries were evaluated, the historical landraces on average perform as high as modern cultivars for the agronomic traits such as total biomass yield and plant height. When the accessions and entries considered separately, the top 20 high yielding accessions were all landraces with a few high performing wild accessions outperforming modern cultivars. The results conclude that historical landraces could directly be used in dry agriculture possess significant alleles for water use efficiency. The outcome of the current study suggests that the evaluation of plant genetic resources, especially historical landraces, under different climate conditions is vital for effective breeding strategies

Salinity induced changes in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)

Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) is susceptible to abiotic stresses. High salinity is a common abiotic stress condition that adversely affects plant growth. Altered ion and water homeostasis changes due to NaCI stress, lead to molecular damage, growth arrest and even death. As a consequence of salt stress effects, secondary stresses such as oxidative damage by reactive oxygen species may occur. Reactive oxygen species can alter cellular metabolism through oxidative damage of lipids, proteins and nucleic acids causing lipid peroxidation, protein denaturing and DNA mutation. In recent years, several selective and sensitive assays have been developed to evaluate the effects of environmental stress on vegetal organisms. RAPD is one of them and developed for DNA analysis. In this study, cotton seedlings were used as bioindicator of salinity stress in the range of 50-400 mM. Effects of salinity stress were determined by comparing RAPD profiles of normal and treated cotton seedlings include variations in band intensities as well as gains or losses of band numbers. The DNA polymorphisms detected by RAPD analysis could be used as an investigation tool and useful biomarker assay for observing environmental stresses such as high salinity on vegetal organisms.Marmara University, Commission of Scientific Research Project under grant FEN-A-030108-001

Evaluation of local Amasya foods in the scope rural tourism

Sürekli olarak yaşadığı yer dışına belirli bir süre ile seyahat eden bireyler, gittikleri destinasyonlarda yiyecek içecek işletmelerinde sunulan yemekleri tüketmek durumundadır. Bu kapsamda ziyaret edilen destinasyonlarda sunulan yöresel yemekler turistlerin o bölgeye olana ilgilerinin artmasına sebep olmaktadır. Bu durum yöresel mutfak kültürünün bir turistik değer olarak yaygınlaşmasını sağlamaktadır. Yapılan literatür araştırmasında ulusal yazında kırsal turizmin yöresel yemeklerle olan ilişkisinde bir çok çalışmanın yapıldığı tespit edilmiştir. Alan yazına katkı sağlamak için Amasya ilinin yöresel yemekleri kırsal turizm bağlamında çalışmamızda değerlendirilmiştir. Yöresel Amasya yemeklerinin kırsal turizm noktasındaki potansiyelinin belirlemesi amacıyla yapılan bu kavramsal çalışmada; nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden belgesel tarama tekniğinden faydalanılarak genel tarama modeli uygulanmıştır. Amasya, köklü bir kültürel mirasın yanı sıra, özellikle hamur işleri ile zengin bir gastronomik kültüre de sahiptir. Amasya mutfağı çorbalardan et yemeklerine, hamur işlerinden tatlılara kadar damak zevkine çok çeşitli seçenekler sunmaktadır. Bunlardan biri, başta düğün törenleri olmak üzere, ülke çapında birçok tören yemeği toplantılarının temelini oluşturan keşkektir. Orta Asya Türklerinin temel gıdalarından biri olan keşkek, Amasya'daki ustaların kullandığı malzemeler ve hazırlama tekniği sonucu ortaya çıkan lezzetiyle oldukça ün kazanmıştır. Ayrıca kuru baklanın et ve diğer bileşenlerle birleştirilmesiyle hazırlanan "Bakla Dolması" bir diğer öne çıkan yemeklerden biridir. Toyga çorbası, sakala çarpan, etli çiçek bamya, yanuç ve vişneli ekmek Amasya'nın yöresel yemeklerine verilebilecek örneklerden bazılarıdır. Amasya ilinin kırsal alanlarındaki meyve bahçeleri, ormanları, doğal gölleri, yaylaları vb. gibi birçok avantaja sahip olması Amasya’da yürütülecek olası kırsal turizm faaliyetlerine yardımcı olacak zenginliklerdir. Bu zenginlikler iyi yönetildiğinde her turiste aradığı benzersiz yemek deneyimi doğal mekânlarda eşsiz bir şekilde yaşatılabilir.Individuals who constantly travel outside of their place of residence for a certain period of time have to consume the meals offered in food and beverage businesses in the destinations they go to. In this context, the local dishes offered in the visited destinations cause an increase in tourists' interest in that region. This situation enables the local cuisine culture to become widespread as a touristic value. In the literature research, it has been determined that many studies have been carried out in the national literature on the relationship between rural tourism and local food. In order to contribute to the literature, the local dishes of Amasya province were evaluated in our study in the context of rural tourism. In this study, which was conducted to determine the potential of local Amasya dishes in rural tourism; The general scanning model was applied by making use of the documentary scanning technique, one of the qualitative research methods. In addition to a deep-rooted cultural heritage, Amasya also has a rich gastronomic culture, especially with pastries. Amasya cuisine offers a wide variety of options from soups to meat dishes, from pastries to desserts. One of these is the keskek, which forms the basis of many ceremonial dinner gatherings throughout the country, especially wedding ceremonies. Keskek, one of the staple foods of the Central Asian Turks, has gained quite a reputation for its flavor resulting from the ingredients and preparation technique used by the masters in Amasya. In addition, "Stuffed Beans", which is prepared by combining dried broad beans with meat and other ingredients, is another outstanding dish. Toyga çorbası, sakala çarpan, etli çiçek bamya, yanuç and vişneli ekmek are some of the examples that can be given to the local dishes of Amasya. Orchards, forests, natural lakes, plateaus, etc. in the rural areas of Amasya province. It is richness that will help possible rural tourism activities to be carried out in Amasya. When these riches are managed well, the unique dining experience that every tourist seeks can be experienced in a unique way in natural places

Evaluation of local Amasya foods in the scope of rural tourism

Turizmde kültürel çekicilik unsurlarından biri olan yöresel yemekler, turistlerin ilgisini, ziyaretçi sayısını ve memnuniyet düzeyini artırmakta, kırsal turizm yoluyla ziyaret edilen yörelerde turizmin olumlu etkilerinden faydalanılmasına fırsat oluşturmaktadır. Bu bakımdan, yöresel yemeklerin belirlenmesi ve belgelendirilmesi önemlidir. Çalışmada belge tarama tekniği ile tespit edilen yöresel Amasya yemekleri tanıtılmaktadır

Determination of some heavy metals and mineral nutrients of bay tree (Laurus nobilis L.) in Bartin city, Turkey

Concentrations of Al, Cd, Cu, Ni, and Pb in Laurus nobilis L. were examined for assessment of the impact of heavy metal exposure during winter periods, since these metals have the highest toxic potential. In this study, leaf (washed and unwashed), bark and branch samples of L. nobilis and soil samples were collected from 13 different localities, belonged to three stations. In conjunction with analyzing impact of the heavy metal exposure on the city using L. nobilis as a biomonitoring tool, the uptake and composition of mineral nutrients of L. nobilis were also investigated for determining the effects of heavy metals on mineral nutrition metabolism of the plant. The heavy metal and mineral nutrient concentrations of the collected samples were measured by using ICP-OES. The obtained data was analyzed with SPSS statistics program. As a result of measurements, the lowest and highest heavy metal accumulations and the amount of mineral nutrients measured in plants were as follows; Al (14.69-122.44 mg/kg d. wt), Cd (0.23-0.89 mg/kg d. wt), Cu (1.64-14.25 mg/kg d. wt.), Ni (0.001-0.45 mg/kg d. wt.), Pb (2.06-5.28 mg/kg d. wt.) and B (1.04- 6.67 mg/kg d. wt.), Ca (1195.34-4919.03 mg/kg d. wt.), Fe (17.13-203.25 mg/kg d. wt.), K (538.99-3778.37 mg/kg d. wt.), Mg(48.1-268.5 mg/kg d. wt.), Na (24.91-77.43 mg/kg d. wt.) and Zn (4.75-15.74 mg/kg d. wt.). According to the experimental data, the volume of the air pollution was analyzed and found significant in the city. Also, it was noticed that the metabolism of mineral nutrients of L. nobilis was altered by heavy metals. Finally, it was proved that L. nobilis is a suitable organism to be used as a biomonitoring tool for conducting research on heavy metal pollution

Sosyal Bilgiler Dersine İlişkin Özyeterlik Düzeyinin Başarıya Etkisinin Sınıf ve Cinsiyete Göre İncelenmesi: Erzurum İli Örneği

This study aims to examine the effect of self efficacy level beliefs about Social Studies lesson of 6th and 7th grades primary education on the success according to class level and gender variables. In order to determine the effect of self-efficacy beliefs of 6th and 7th grade primary education students on school success according to class level and gender. To collect the data, 25 item- 5 point Likert scale developed by the researchers was used and its reliability and validity studies were completed. The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of the scale items was found to be 0,95. The data obtained was analyzed by using the statistical analysis software SPSS 11.0. The subjects of the study consisted of 740 students in 14 primary school in Erzurum, central district. In the result of the research in the Social Studies lesson, according to class level variable, on the go from 6th grade to 7th grade a decline in the self-efficacy level of the students was found. In terms of gender as a variable, no significant change between the self efficacy mean points of the boys and girls. On the other side, the regression analysis showed that the self efficacy points are influential predictor variable for the success in the Social Studies lesson.Bu çalışmanın amacı, ilköğretim 6. ve 7. sınıf Sosyal Bilgiler dersi özyeterlik inancının okul başarısı üzerine etkisini, sınıf düzeyi ve cinsiyet değişkenine göre incelemektir. İlköğretim 6. ve 7. sınıf Sosyal Bilgiler özyeterlik inancının okul başarısı üzerine etkisini sınıf düzeyi ve cinsiyet değişkenine göre belirlemek amacıyla araştırmacılar tarafından geliştirilen güvenirlik ve geçerlilik çalışmaları yapılmış, 25 maddeden oluşan 5’li Likert tipi ölçek kullanılmıştır. Ölçekte yer alan maddelerin iç tutarlık katsayısı (Cronbach Alfa) 0,95 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Veriler istatistik paket programı ve MS Excel kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Araştırma, Erzurum İli merkez ilçedeki 14 ilköğretim okulunda bulunan 740 öğrenci üzerinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda Sosyal Bilgiler dersinde sınıf düzeyi değişkenine göre 6. sınıftan 7. sınıfa gidildikçe öğrencilerin özyeterlik düzeylerinde azalma olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Cinsiyet değişkeni ele alındığında ise kız ve erkek öğrencilerin özyeterlik ortalama puanları arasında manidar bir farkın olmadığı tespit edilmiştir. Diğer yandan regresyon analizi sonuçları, özyeterlik puanlarının Sosyal Bilgiler dersindeki başarı için güçlü bir yordayıcı olduğunu göstermektedir

Autekologi dan Fisiologi Percambahan Centaurea kilaea Boiss. dari Turki

In this study germination requirements, plant-soil interactions and population biology of Centaurea kilaea was studied. The plant and soil samples were collected from Sofular Village (Sile District) and shore of Çatalca District (Istanbul) in Turkey by using standard methods. Methods like Scheibler, Wetdigestion, Kjeldahl and Olsen were employed for measurement of soil texture, structure and other physical and chemical characteristics (pH, total protein and electrical conductivity) using spectrophotometer, flame photometer, calcimeter and ICP. The results showed that ranges of different elements in the soil were 0.007-0.2% for N, 0.0007-0.001% for P, 0.001-0.01% for K, 0.0001-0.0002 % for Na. N, P, K and Na values in the plants were 2.17, 0.005, 0.1 and 0.006%, respectively. The data revealed that germination success of the seeds was influenced by the environmental factors such as pH, germination season and temperature.Dalam kajian ini keperluan percambahan, saling tindakan tumbuhan-tanih dan biologi populasi Centaurea kilaea telah dilakukan. Sampel tumbuhan dan tanih telah dikumpul dari Kampung Sofular (Daerah Şile) dan pantai Daerah Çatalca (Istanbul) di Turki dengan menggunakan kaedah piawai. Kaedah seperti Scheibler, Wetdigestion, Kjeldahl dan Olsen telah digunakan bagi pengukuran tekstur tanih, struktur dan sifat fizikal dan kimia lain (pH, jumlah protein dan kekonduksian elektrik) menggunakan spektrofotometer, fotometer api, kalsimeter dan ICP. Hasil menunjukkan bahawa julat unsur berbeza dalam tanih ialah 0.007-0.2% bagi N, 0.0007-0.001% bagi P, 0.001-0.01% bagi K, 0.0001-0.0002% bagi Na. N, P, K dan nilai Na dalam tumbuhan ialah masing-masing 2.17, 0.005, 0.1 dan 0.006%. Data menunjukkan kejayaan percambahan bagi biji benih telah dipengaruhi faktor persekitaran seperti pH, musim percambahan dan suhu

Mineral element uptake status of endemic Isoetes anatolica Prada & Rolleri populations from Bolu-Turkey

Isoetes genus is commonly known as the "quillworts" and considered to be "fern allies". There are about 200-250 species, with a cosmopolitan distribution but often scarce to rare. Isoetes genus members often grow in extremely sensitive aquatic environments such as temporary ponds, streams and lakes. They are therefore good indicators of environmental quality. Isoetes anatolica Prada & Rolleri is an endemic plant grows on calcareous sediment/soil on the edges of seasonal ponds located in a mountainous area near the southern coast of the Black Sea at 1400 m above sea level at Bolu, Turkey. In this study, mineral element uptake statuses of I. anatolica populations were studied on the background of plant-sediment/soil-water interactions. The study materials were collected from the place where this narrow endemic species only lives in the world (Abant Region, Bolu/Turkey) by using standard methods and plant and sediment/soil mineral element measurements (Al, B, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni and Zn) were done. ICP-OES was employed for the measurements during the study. Interrelations between mineral element contents in the sediment/soil, water and plant were discussed. The data revealed that I. anatolica is capable of accumulating considerable amounts of certain mineral elements (B, Ca, Mn and Na).Marmara University, Commission of Scientific Research Project (FEN-D-040712-0291

Çocukluk çağında gonad tümörleri

Giriş: Testis ve over tümörleri nadir görülen tümörlerdir ancak çocuklarda sıklığı yetişkinlere oranla daha yüksektir. İki taraflı da görülebilirler ancak sağ tarafı tercih ederler. Dördüncü dekatta pik yapmalarına rağmen her yaşta görülebilirler. Ergen ve çocuklarda en sık rastlanan genital neoplazma ise germ hücreli tümörlerdir. Akciğer, meme, kolon ve pankreas kanserlerinden sonra ölümlerin en sık nedenidir. Metod: Bu çalışmamızda retrospektif olarak Çocuk Onkoloji ve Çocuk Cerrahisi Kliniklerine son yedi yılda gonadal kitle nedeni ile başvuran hastaların epidemiyolojik ve klinik özellikleri gözden geçirilmiştir. Sonuç: Gonadal tümör teşhisi erkeklerde oldukça kolaydır. Dikkatli fizik muayene ile testiste kitle tespit edilebilir, hidrosel gibi, testiste kitle yapan hastalıklardan ayırt edil- melidir. Kızlarda şikâyetler belirsiz olduğu için teşhis genellikle kitle etkisi nedeni ile konulmaktadır. Bu nedenle yaş olarak daha geç tanı almaktadırlar. Kliniğe üriner sistem semptomları yada kabızlık ile gelen hastalarda mutlaka sorgulama ve fizik muayene dikkatle yapılmalı, gonadal tümörler unutulmamalıdı