Antifungal screening and in silico mechanistic studies of an in-house azole library

Systemic Candida infections pose a serious public health problem with high morbidity and mortality. C. albicans is the major pathogen identified in candidiasis, however non-albicans Candida spp. with antifungal resistance are now more prevalent. Azoles are first-choice antifungal drugs for candidiasis, however they are ineffective for certain infections caused by the resistant strains. Azoles block ergosterol synthesis by inhibiting fungal CYP51, which leads to disruption of fungal membrane permeability. In this study, we screened for antifungal activity of an in-house azole library of 65 compounds to identify hit matter followed by a molecular modelling study for their CYP51 inhibition mechanism. Antifungal susceptibility tests against standard Candida spp. including C. albicans revealed derivatives 12 and 13 as highly active. Furthermore, they showed potent antibiofilm activity as well as neglectable cytotoxicity in a mouse fibroblast assay. According to molecular docking studies 12 and 13 have the necessary binding characteristics for effective inhibition of CYP51. Finally, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of the C. albicans CYP51 (CACYP51) homology model's catalytic site complexed with 13 was stable demonstrating excellent binding. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved

Prolonged urinary leakage in the postoperative period of renal hydatic cyst treatment with oral desmopressin: a case report

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Introduction</p> <p>Prolonged extravasation after renal and ureter surgeries is a bothersome situation for both the patient and the doctor. It is usually related to the suture line not being watertight. The contact between urine and the edges of the wound also delay healing of the wound. In this situation, the first thing to do is to break the contact between the wound and the urine by inserting an adequate stent. Sometimes, this process is not enough. We approached this problem with a different treatment method for a case involving prolonged drainage.</p> <p>Case presentation</p> <p>A 52-year-old Caucasian woman who presented at our clinic with right flank pain was operated on due to a renal hydatic cyst, and cyst removal was performed. On follow-up, prolonged urinary leakage was observed and a desmopressin treatment was started on the patient. Drainage was greatly reduced after desmopressin was started and there was no drainage on the fifth day.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Prolonged extravasation is a bothersome situation and there can be many reasons for this. Whenever traditional approaches are not enough, oral desmopressin therapy can be started reliably if there are no contraindications for the patient. Eventually, contact between urine and the suture site will cease and therefore the fever and healing time will be shortened.</p

Electrical and optical characterizations of InAs/GaAs quantum dot solar cells

© 2018, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature. The electrical and optical characterizations of InAs/GaAs quantum dot solar cells (QDSCs) were investigated by frequency dependent capacitance–voltage (C–V) measurements and photoreflectance (PR) spectroscopy. The C–V results confirmed that the frequency dependent junction capacitance (C j ) of QDSC is sensitive to the carrier exhaustion process through trapping and recapturing in the strain-induced defects and QD states caused by the interface strain between InAs and GaAs materials. As a result, at a low frequency (≤ 200 kHz), the C j of the QDSCs decreased with increasing InAs deposition thickness (θ), leading to the decrease in carrier concentration (N d ) of the n-GaAs absorber layer due to the carrier losses processes caused by the trapping and re-capturing in the defects and the relatively large QDs. At θ ≤ 2.0 ML, the p-n junction electric field strength (F pn ) of the QDSCs which was evaluated by PR spectra decreased with increasing excitation photon intensity (I ex ) due to the typical field screening effect in the SC structure. On the other hand, the F pn of QDSCs with θ ≥ 2.5 ML approached a constant value with a relatively high I ex , which suggests that the decrease in photo-generated carriers in the QDSC was caused by the re-capturing and trapping process

Impact of Green Tea Extract and Fungal Alpha-Amylase on Dough Proofing and Steaming

10.1007/s11947-012-0986-3Food and Bioprocess Technology6123400-341