A new approach to weighted Hardy-Rellich inequalities: improvements, symmetrization principle and symmetry breaking

We investigate necessary and sufficient conditions on the weights for the Hardy-Rellich inequalities to hold, and propose a new way to use the notion of Bessel pair to establish the optimal Hardy-Rellich type inequalities. Our results sharpened earlier Hardy-Rellich and Rellich type inequalities in the literature. We also study several results about the symmetry and symmetry breaking properties of the Rellich type and Hardy-Rellich type inequalities, and then partially answered an open question raised by Ghoussoub and Moradifam. Namely, we will present conditions on the weights such that the Rellich type and Hardy-Rellich type inequalities hold for all functions if and only if the same inequalities hold for all radial functions.Comment: 22 page

Approche LPV pour la commande robuste de la dynamique des véhicules (amélioration conjointe du confort et de la sécurité)

Ce travail concerne le développement de méthodes de commandes avancées pour les suspensions automobiles afin d'améliorer la tenue de route des véhicules et le confort des passagers, tout en respectant les contraintes technologiques liées aux actionneurs de suspension (passivité, non-linéarités, limite structurelle). Dans la 1ère partie, nous proposons deux schémas de commande par approche LPV polytopique (Linéaire à Paramètre Variant) et Stabilisation Forte (Strong Stabilization) avec optimisation par algorithme génétique pour résoudre les conflits confort/tenue de route et confort/débattement de suspension. Dans la 2ème partie, pour résoudre le problème complet de commande de suspensions semi-actives, nous développons d'abord une stratégie générique pour les systèmes LPV généraux soumis à la saturation des actionneurs et à des contraintes d'état. Le problème est étudié sous la forme de résolution d'inégalités linéaires matricielles (LMI) qui permettent de synthétiser un contrôleur LPV et un gain anti wind-up garantissant la stabilité et la performance du système en boucle fermée. Ensuite, cette stratégie est appliquée au cas de la commande des suspensions semi-actives. Les méthodes proposées sont validées par une évaluation basée sur un critère industriel et des simulations effectuées sur un modèle non-linéaire de quart de véhicule.This work concerns the development of advanced control methods for automotive suspensions to improve road holding and passenger comfort, while satisfying the technological constraints related to the suspension actuators (passivity, nonlinearity, structural limit). In the first part, we propose two control schemes by polytopic LPV (Linear Parameter Varying) approach and by Strong Stabilization with genetic algorithm optimization to solve the comfort/handling and comfort/suspension travel conflits. In the second part, to solve the full semi-active suspension problem, we develop first a generic strategy for general LPV systems subject to actuator saturation and state constraints. The problem is studied in the form of resolution matrix of linear inequalities (LMI) that allows synthesizing an LPV controller and an anti-windup gain to ensure the stability and performance of the closed-loop system. Second, the theoretical result is applied to the case of semi-active suspension control. The proposed methods are validated by an evaluation based on an industrial standard and simulations on a nonlinear quarter vehicle model.SAVOIE-SCD - Bib.électronique (730659901) / SudocGRENOBLE1/INP-Bib.électronique (384210012) / SudocGRENOBLE2/3-Bib.électronique (384219901) / SudocSudocFranceF

Employing Severity of Injury to Contextualize Complex Risk Mitigation Scenarios

International audienceRisk mitigation is an important element to consider in risk evaluation. Safety features have helped to decrease the death ratio over the years. However, to date, each driver assistance system works on a single domain of operation. The problem remains in how to use perception to contextualize the scene to fully minimize the collision severity in a complex emergency scenario. Up to now, works on cost maps have consider simple contextualized object in mitigation scenarios. For instance, the use of binary allowed/forbidden zones or, a fixed weight to each type of object in the scene. Our work employs the risk of injury issued by accidentology to each class of object present in the scene. Each class of object presents an injury probability with respect to the impact speed and ethical/economical/political factors. The method generates a cost map containing a collision probability along with to the risk of injury. It dynamically contextualizes the objects, since the risk of injury depends on the characteristics of the scene. Simulation and dataset results validate that changing the referred parameters alters the context and evaluation of the scene. Then, the proposed method allows a better assessment of the surroundings by creating a dynamic navigation cost map for complex scenarios

Female Germline Stem Cells: A Source for Applications in Reproductive and Regenerative Medicine

One of the most significant findings in stem cell biology is the establishment of female germline stem cells (FGSCs) in the early 21st century. Besides the massive contribution of FGSCs to support ovarian function and fertility of females, the ability to create transgenic animals from FGSCs have high efficiency. Whether FGSCs can differentiate into mature oocytes for fertilization and complete embryonic development is a significant question for scientists. FGSCs were shown to produce oocytes, and the fertilized oocytes could generate offspring in mice and rats. This discovery has opened a new direction in human FGSCs research. Recently, cryopreservation of ovarian cortical tissue was already developed for women with cancer. Thus, isolation and expansion of FGSCs from this tissue before or after cryopreservation may be helpful for clinical fertility therapies. Scientists have suggested that the ability to produce transgenic animals using FGSCs would be a great tool for biological reproduction. Research on FGSCs opened a new direction in reproductive biotechnology to treat infertility and produce biological drugs supported in pre-menopausal syndrome in women. The applicability of FGSCs is enormous in the basic science of stem cell models for studying the development and maturation of oocytes, especially applications in treating human disease

A Research on the Quality of Public Transportation Services by Bus in Vietnam

This study was conducted to assess the status of the quality of public passenger transport services by bus in Hanoi. Data were collected from regular passengers using buses as a means of transportation in the city, including passengers standing at stations, waiting shelters and on vehicles to make trips and students of some universities who use buses as a means of transportation. We employ descriptive statistics and hierarchical analysis to learn about the topic of research. The results indicate that the quality of public transport services by buses in Hanoi, which was judged by passengers quite well. In particular, the safety level, convenience, security and hygiene is up to 70%, which was higher than the highest quality level. Quality of fast level and reliability are low. Keywords: quality of services, public passenger transport, buses, Vietnam. DOI: 10.7176/RJFA/10-13-04 Publication date:July 31st 201

Electrosynthesis of a poly(1,5-diaminonaphthalene) - polypyrrole nanowire bilayer for trichlorfon insecticide biosensing

In this study, an acetylcholinesterase enzyme biosensor was developed based on a bilayer of poly(1,5-diaminonaphthalene) and polypyrrole nanowire structures modifying carbon screen-printed electrodes (SPEs). A polypyrrole nanowire inner layer was electrodeposited on the surface of SPEs to enhance conductivity and specific areas. A poly(1,5-diaminonaphthalene) outer layer was used for immobilizing acetylcholinesterase through glutaraldehyde agent. On the basis of the inhibition of organophosphate pesticides on the enzymatic activity of acetylcholinesterase enzyme, the acetylcholinesterase-immobilized bilayer of the conductive polymer electrode was designed for electrochemical determination of trichlorfon insecticide, one of the popular organophosphate pesticides. Keywords. Acetylcholinesterase, biosensors, poly(1,5-diaminonaphthalene), polypyrrole nanowire, trichlorfon

Outcome and impact assessment of the Climate-Smart Village Program in Northern Vietnam

Yen Bai province inherits representative biophysical, socio-economic, smaller-holder farming characteristics to economic marginalization and climatic risks and impacts to agricultural production and local livelihoods of Vietnam’s northern mountain region (NMR). The CCAFS project deployed to Ma Climate-Smart Village (CSV) in Yen Bai in 2015 with bilateral funding support from two other research projects aimed at setting up a demonstration-for-scaling example of a rural community equipped with capacities for enhanced climate adaptation and resilience. This study applied a three tier interview data collection methodology (key informant interviews – focus group discussions – indepth farmer interviews) to thoroughly investigate 120 households about six main outcomes accomplished by the project up until 2021. The project has achieved great outcomes from the village to the provincial levels. However, the project work still has a potential to be scaled to the National Target Program on New Rural Development (NTM) given its interest in developing resilient communities in climate-vulnerable regions across the country applying the CSV approach in its 2021-2025 strategy. Despite the closing of the CCAFS program by December 2021, this most important scaling pathway will be continued by the VIBE 2018.05 (funded by the Irish Aid) and COALESCE/2020/34 (funded by the Irish Research Council) under the management of Vietnam National University of Agriculture – a long-term strategic partner of the CCAFS program in the NRM

Age-time-specific transmission of hand-foot-and-mouth disease enterovirus serotypes in Vietnam: a catalytic model with maternal immunity

Hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) is highly prevalent in the Asia Pacific region, particularly in Vietnam. To develop effective interventions and efficient vaccination programs, we inferred the age-time-specific transmission patterns of HFMD serotypes enterovirus A71 (EV-A71), coxsackievirus A6 (CV-A6), coxsackievirus A10 (CV-A10), coxsackievirus A16 (CV-A16) in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam from a case data collected during 2013–2018 and a serological survey data collected in 2015 and 2017. We proposed a catalytic model framework with good adaptability to incorporate maternal immunity using various mathematical functions. Our results indicate the high-level transmission of CV-A6 and CV-A10 which is not obvious in the case data, due to the variation of disease severity across serotypes. Our results provide statistical evidence supporting the strong association between severe illness and CV-A6 and EV-A71 infections. The HFMD dynamic pattern presents a cyclical pattern with large outbreaks followed by a decline in subsequent years. Additionally, we identify the age group with highest risk of infection as 1-2 years and emphasise the risk of future outbreaks as over 50% of children aged 6-7 years were estimated to be susceptible to CV-A16 and EV-A71. Our study highlights the importance of multivalent vaccines and active surveillance for different serotypes, supports early vaccination prior to 1 year old, and points out the potential utility for vaccinating children older than 5 years old in Vietnam