THE ROLE OF MEDIC AND BIOLOGICAL FACTORS IN LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT IN SCHOOLCHILDREN: REVIEW OF CURRENT RESEARCH

Цель. Статья посвящена анализу современных исследований факторов пре-, пери- и неонатального развития, обуславливающих индивидуальные различия по языковым способностям в школьном возрасте в соотнесении с особенностями взаимоотношений ребенка с ближайшим социальным окружением, которые могут модулировать вклад медико-биологических факторов в языковое развитие школьников.Метод или методология проведения работы. Проведен сравнительный метаанализ зарубежных и отечественных исследований, выполненных за последние 20 лет. Анализировались работы, включенные в базы данных PabMed, Web of Science, Scopus и elibrary.ru.Результаты. Тератогенные факторы, недоношенность и низкий вес при рождении могут оказывать долговременное влияние на развитие языковых способностей детей вплоть до среднего школьного возраста. Экспериментальные данные не позволяют сделать однозначный вывод о наличии половых различий по уровню языкового развития в школьном возрасте. Наблюдаются разночтения в результатах относительно величины вклада медико-биологических факторов в языковое развитие ребенка в зависимости от используемых исследовательских подходов. Позитивный характер детско-родительских отношений играет значительную роль в компенсации негативных влияний пре-, пери- и неонатальных факторов развития на становление языковых способностей школьников.Область применения результатов. Результаты метаанализа могут быть использованы при создании программ профилактики и коррекции становления языковых способностей школьников с учетом особенностей их развития в пре-, пери- и неонатальный периоды онтогенеза. Центральное значение должно уделяться роли детско-родительских отношений в опосредовании вклада медико-биологических факторов в последующее языковое развитие детей.Purpose. The article is devoted to analysis of contemporary research of pre-, peri- and neonatal factors that contributes to individual differences in language abilities at school age in correlation with features of the relationship of the child with the closest social environment, which can modulate the contribution of medic and biological factors in language development of schoolchildren.Methodology. A comparative meta-analysis of foreign and domestic studies which were performed over the last 20 years is conducted. The works which were included in the database PabMed, Web of Science, Scopus и elibrary.ru are analyzed.Results. Teratogenic factors, prematurity and low birth weight can have long-term impact on the development of language abilities in children up to secondary school age. The experimental data do not allow to make a definite conclusion about the presence of sex differences in language development at school age. Discrepancies are observed in the results concerning the value of the contribution of medic and biological factors in child language development depending on research approaches. Positive parent-child relationship plays a significant role in compensation of the negative effects of pre-, peri -, and neonatal factors in the language development in schoolchildren.Practical implications. The results of meta-analysis can be used to create programs of prevention and correction of formation of the language abilities of schoolchildren with regard to the peculiarities of their development in pre-, peri- and neonatal periods of ontogenesis. The central importance must be given to the role of parent-child relationships in mediation of the contribution of medic and biological factors in the subsequent language development in children

A closer look at adaptive regret

For the prediction with expert advice setting, we consider methods to construct algorithms that have low adaptive regret. The adaptive regret of an algorithm on a time interval [t1,t2] is the loss of the algorithm minus the loss of the best expert over that interval. Adaptive regret measures how well the algorithm approximates the best expert locally, and so is different from, although closely related to, both the classical regret, measured over an initial time interval [1,t], and the tracking regret, where the algorithm is compared to a good sequence of experts over [1,t]. We investigate two existing intuitive methods for deriving algorithms with low adaptive regret, one based on specialist experts and the other based on restarts. Quite surprisingly, we show that both methods lead to the same algorithm, namely Fixed Share, which is known for its tracking regret. We provide a thorough analysis of the adaptive regret of Fixed Share. We obtain the exact worst-case adaptive regret for Fixed Share, from which the classical tracking bounds follow. We prove that Fixed Share is

Dynamics of some piecewise smooth Fermi-Ulam Models

We find a normal form which describes the high energy dynamics of a class of piecewise smooth Fermi-Ulam ping pong models; depending on the value of a single real parameter, the dynamics can be either hyperbolic or elliptic. In the first case we prove that the set of orbits undergoing Fermi acceleration has zero measure but full Hausdorff dimension. We also show that for almost every orbit the energy eventually falls below a fixed threshold. In the second case we prove that, generically, we have stable periodic orbits for arbitrarily high energies, and that the set of Fermi accelerating orbits may have infinite measure.Comment: 22 pages, 4 figure

Radio Telescope Focal Container for the Russian VLBI Network of New Generation

This article considers the development of the structure of receivers for Russian radio telescopes. The development of these radio telescopes is undertaken within the project for creating a Russian small-antenna-based radio interferometer of new generation. It is shown that for small antennas (10. 12 meter) the principal unit, which provides the best SNR, is the so-called focal container placed at primary focus. It includes the primary feed, HEMT LNA, and cryogenic cooling system down to 20. K. A new multi-band feed based on traveling wave resonators is used. It has small dimensions, low weight, and allows working with circular polarizations. Thus it can be placed into focal container and cooled with the LNA. A sketch of the focal container, with traveling-wave-resonator feed, and calculations of the expected parameters of the multi-band receiver are presented

Digital models for retrospective analysis of the structure of currents in the Neva Bay

The Neva Bay is a body of water located between the delta of the Neva River and Kotlin Island. The goal of the study was to develop a method for numerical modeling of the shallow water equation in the Neva Bay, based on the finite element method. To achieve this goal, we solved a number of tasks. First, we selected characteristic periods in the history of the Neva Bay and formed numerical modeling options while determining boundary conditions. Secondly, we determined the geometric characteristics of the computational domain for modeling options and formed a finite element mesh for each of the options. Then, we found a numerical solution of hydrodynamic problems in terms of determining values of current velocity vectors. Finally, we conducted a comparative analysis of the results of solving the hydrodynamic problem of the structure of currents in the Neva Bay in different periods of history. The changes in the velocity field occurred because of the construction of the fairway and the dams for the Complex of flood protection structures (CFPS) in St. Petersburg. Today there is practically no water flow south of the Sea Canal. Water exchange between the Neva Bay and the Gulf of Finland is carried out due to culvert structures in the northern part of the CFPS and navigation facilities. The average flow of the Neva River during the calculation period did not change and was about 2500 m3/s (depends on the water level in Lake Ladoga); an increase in speeds occurs north of the Sea Canal