Pharmacological Inhibition of Intracellular Signaling Pathways in Radioresistant Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer

Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is highly aggressive and has a poor therapeutic response and leads to high mortality. It has been shown that activation of intracellular c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and c-ABL signaling pathways is one of the manifestations of the highly resistant response to radiotherapy in ATC. Pharmacological inhibition of these pathways in combination with radiotherapy is a potential treatment modality of ATC

Modern Technologies for Timely Detection and Differential Diagnosis of Gastric Cancer

The diagnostic potentialities of laser spectro- and videofluorescence endoscopy, complex transabdominal US examination, dynamic multihelical computed tomography (MHCT) with the possibility of constructing multiplanar reformations, and virtual gastroscopy were studied with a view to diagnosing gastric cancer (GC). It was established that laser spectral fluorescence with the drug Alasens (5-aminolevulinic acid) is a highly revealing method for diagnosis and differential diagnosis of GC. The sensitivity of the method is 96%, and its specificity is 78%. Well-defined videofluorescence was noted in 91.3% of patients with GC. The possibility of detecting cancer with complex trans-ultrasonography in the pyloroantral division and in the lower third of the body of the stomach constitutes 95.6% attaining absolute values in T3 and T4. Dynamic MHCT allows 97% detection of GC attaining absolute values, beginning with T2 invasion depth; tumor localization is irrelevant. Comparative visual assessment of the quality of a virtual image and conventional video esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGDS) was made. The study demonstrated a sufficiently high level of virtual images whose quality was not inferior to that of conventional images in intraluminal tumor growth. The indications for the application of this technique require further specification

Using the Effects of Acoustic wave Interaction with Charged by Atmospheric Aerosols to As-sess the Electrical State of the Atmosphere

В статье предлагается теоретическое и экспериментальное обоснование возможности определения электрического состояния атмосферы радиоакустическим способом. Разрабатывается метод оценки заряда исследуемого объема атмосферы, характеризующего её электрическую активность, основанный на физическом эффекте излучения электромагнитной энергии движущимися с ускорением заряженными аэрозольными частицами под воздействием инициированной сонаром акустической волныThe paper proposes a theoretical and experimental substantiation of the possibility of determining the electrical state of the atmosphere radio. Is developing a method of assessment of the charge of the investigated volume of the atmosphere, characterizing its electrical activity, based on the physical effect of radiation of electromagnetic energy moving with acceleration of charged aerosol particles under the influence of initiated by the sonar acoustic wave

Using the Effects of Acoustic wave Interaction with Charged by Atmospheric Aerosols to As-sess the Electrical State of the Atmosphere

В статье предлагается теоретическое и экспериментальное обоснование возможности определения электрического состояния атмосферы радиоакустическим способом. Разрабатывается метод оценки заряда исследуемого объема атмосферы, характеризующего её электрическую активность, основанный на физическом эффекте излучения электромагнитной энергии движущимися с ускорением заряженными аэрозольными частицами под воздействием инициированной сонаром акустической волныThe paper proposes a theoretical and experimental substantiation of the possibility of determining the electrical state of the atmosphere radio. Is developing a method of assessment of the charge of the investigated volume of the atmosphere, characterizing its electrical activity, based on the physical effect of radiation of electromagnetic energy moving with acceleration of charged aerosol particles under the influence of initiated by the sonar acoustic wave

Neural population dynamics reveals disruption of spinal circuits’ responses to proprioceptive input during electrical stimulation of sensory afferents

Summary: While neurostimulation technologies are rapidly approaching clinical applications for sensorimotor disorders, the impact of electrical stimulation on network dynamics is still unknown. Given the high degree of shared processing in neural structures, it is critical to understand if neurostimulation affects functions that are related to, but not targeted by, the intervention. Here, we approach this question by studying the effects of electrical stimulation of cutaneous afferents on unrelated processing of proprioceptive inputs. We recorded intraspinal neural activity in four monkeys while generating proprioceptive inputs from the radial nerve. We then applied continuous stimulation to the radial nerve cutaneous branch and quantified the impact of the stimulation on spinal processing of proprioceptive inputs via neural population dynamics. Proprioceptive pulses consistently produce neural trajectories that are disrupted by concurrent cutaneous stimulation. This disruption propagates to the somatosensory cortex, suggesting that electrical stimulation can perturb natural information processing across the neural axis

Large-scale assessment of pros and cons of autopsy-derived or tumor-matched tissues as the norms for gene expression analysis in cancers.

Normal tissues are essential for studying disease-specific differential gene expression. However, healthy human controls are typically available only in postmortal/autopsy settings. In cancer research, fragments of pathologically normal tissue adjacent to tumor site are frequently used as the controls. However, it is largely underexplored how cancers can systematically influence gene expression of the neighboring tissues. Here we performed a comprehensive pan-cancer comparison of molecular profiles of solid tumor-adjacent and autopsy-derived healthy normal tissues. We found a number of systemic molecular differences related to activation of the immune cells, intracellular transport and autophagy, cellular respiration, telomerase activation, p38 signaling, cytoskeleton remodeling, and reorganization of the extracellular matrix. The tumor-adjacent tissues were deficient in apoptotic signaling and negative regulation of cell growth including G2/M cell cycle transition checkpoint. We also detected an extensive rearrangement of the chemical perception network. Molecular targets of 32 and 37 cancer drugs were over- or underexpressed, respectively, in the tumor-adjacent norms. These processes may be driven by molecular events that are correlated between the paired cancer and adjacent normal tissues, that mostly relate to inflammation and regulation of intracellular molecular pathways such as the p38, MAPK, Notch, and IGF1 signaling. However, using a model of macaque postmortal tissues we showed that for the 30 min - 24-hour time frame at 4ºC, an RNA degradation pattern in lung biosamples resulted in an artifact differential expression profile for 1140 genes, although no differences could be detected in liver. Thus, such concerns should be addressed in practice

Large-scale assessment of pros and cons of autopsy-derived or tumor-matched tissues as the norms for gene expression analysis in cancers

Normal tissues are essential for studying disease-specific differential gene expression. However, healthy human controls are typically available only in postmortal/autopsy settings. In cancer research, fragments of pathologically normal tissue adjacent to tumor site are frequently used as the controls. However, it is largely underexplored how cancers can systematically influence gene expression of the neighboring tissues. Here we performed a comprehensive pan-cancer comparison of molecular profiles of solid tumor-adjacent and autopsy-derived “healthy” normal tissues. We found a number of systemic molecular differences related to activation of the immune cells, intracellular transport and autophagy, cellular respiration, telomerase activation, p38 signaling, cytoskeleton remodeling, and reorganization of the extracellular matrix. The tumor-adjacent tissues were deficient in apoptotic signaling and negative regulation of cell growth including G2/M cell cycle transition checkpoint. We also detected an extensive rearrangement of the chemical perception network. Molecular targets of 32 and 37 cancer drugs were over- or underexpressed, respectively, in the tumor-adjacent norms. These processes may be driven by molecular events that are correlated between the paired cancer and adjacent normal tissues, that mostly relate to inflammation and regulation of intracellular molecular pathways such as the p38, MAPK, Notch, and IGF1 signaling. However, using a model of macaque postmortal tissues we showed that for the 30 min – 24-hour time frame at 4ºC, an RNA degradation pattern in lung biosamples resulted in an artifact “differential” expression profile for 1140 genes, although no differences could be detected in liver. Thus, such concerns should be addressed in practice