6 research outputs found

    Hygienic quality of ready-to-eat salads sold in the street and a modern restaurant in Lomé, TOGO

    Get PDF
    Poisoning following salads consumption was often reported in Lomé. This study was carried out to evaluate contamination of salads sold in Lomé. Sixty salad samples from modern restaurant (Domino), seventy from street sellers and forty of fresh vegetables from two markets were randomly collected. Microbiological quality of samples was examined on the basis of AFNOR methods and criteria. Salad selling occurs in room temperature. That modern restaurant uses cold to preserve foods. Microbial analyzes revealed that, Total viable count (TVC) load ranged from 2.15x104 – 9.2x1010 and 1.8x103 – 2.7x107 with 10% and 86.66% of satisfactory quality samples respectively for Domino and Street salads. Total and thermo-tolerant coliforms load ranged from 60-3.4x106 and 0-6.2x103 respectively for street salads with 14.28% and 57.15% of satisfactory samples. Domino samples located between 0-7x103 and 0-2.5x103 with 96.66% and 81.33% of conformity respectively. E. coli and S. aureus were isolated (0-2.5x103 and 0-103) respectively with 77.14% and 84.28% of satisfactory samples for street salads. These bacteria did not induce any conform samples. Salmonella spp were not found in salads and raw vegetable. Application of good hygiene practices rules would help to reduce disease risk related to the presence of pathogenic germs like E. coli and S. aureus.© 2015 International Formulae Group. All rights reserved.Keywords: Food poisoning, Vegetable food, microbiological safet

    Évaluation de la qualité bactériologique des eaux de puits et de forage à Lomé, Togo

    Get PDF
    Objectif : Le but de cette étude était d’évaluer la qualité microbiologique des eaux de puits et de forage collectées dans la ville de Lomé.Méthodologie : Au total, 207 échantillons d’eau de puits et de 197 échantillons d’eau de forages de la ville de Lomé collectés entre juin 2012 et juillet 2013 ont été analysés en utilisant les méthodes  normalisées de routine de l’Association Française de Normalisation (AFNOR).Résultats et conclusion : Les résultats ont montré une non-conformité des eaux de puits par rapport aux germes de contamination fécale dans 65% des cas et dans 70% des cas par rapport à E coli. Les eaux de forages étaient contaminées à 53,54% par la flore aérobie mésophile, à 26,77% par les coliformes  totaux et à 2,03% par les streptocoques fécaux. La présence des germes indicateurs de contamination  fécale dans les eaux analysées expose les consommateurs au risque de gastro-entérites. Des mesures  doivent être prises pour la surveillance et la désinfection de ces eaux avant leur utilisation. Mots clés : Eau, puits, forage ; qualité bactériologique,  Togo. Evaluation of the bacteriological quality of wells and drillings water in Lomé, TogoObjective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the microbiological quality of wells and drillings water collected in the city of Lomé.Methodology: A total of 207 well water samples and 197 samples of water from drillings in the city of Lomé collected between June 2012 and July 2013 were analyzed using standard routine methods of the French Association of Standardization (AFNOR).Results and Conclusion : The results showed non-compliance of well water related to fecal  contaminationgerms in 65% of cases and in 70% of cases related to E. coli. The drillings waters were contaminated in  cases 53.54% by mesophilic aerobic flora, in 26.77% cases by total coliforms and in 2.03% cases by fecal streptococci. The presence of indicator organisms of fecal contamination in the analyzed waters exposes consumers to the risk of gastroenteritis. Measures should be taken to  monitoring and disinfection of this water before use.Keywords: Water, wells, drilling, bacteriological quality, Togo

    Évaluation des propriétés antimicrobiennes des javels vendues à Lomé sur quelques germes isolés de l’eau de consommation

    Get PDF
    Objectif : Il s’est agi de l’évaluation de l’efficacité de différentes marques d’eau de javel vendues à Lomé sur quelques germes isolés des eaux de consommation.Matériel et méthodes : Cette étude a consisté en une analyse microbiologique de six échantillons d’eau de consommation et en une identification des germes présents en utilisant les normes AFNOR. Quatre germes isolés de ces eaux et un germe de référence (Escherichia coli CIP 105 182) ont été ensuite testés avec des échantillons de javel. Il s’agit des streptocoques fécaux, des coliformes totaux, de Escherichia coli et des Bacilles à Gram positif. La technique de dilution en milieu liquide avec le bouillon Muller Hinton a été utilisée pour ces tests. Les degrés chlorométriques de ces eaux de javel ont été ensuite déterminés par iodométrie.Résultats : L’analyse microbiologique des échantillons d’eau de consommation a montré qu’ils étaient de qualité hygiénique non satisfaisante par rapport à la flore aérobie mésophile totale, aux coliformes totaux et thermotolérents et aux streptococoques fécaux. Toutes les marques d’eau de Javel ont inhibé à des degrés divers la croissance de tous les germes testés. Ainsi, les CMB des eaux de Javel 5, Javel 4, javel 3 testées sur les germes totaux ont été de 1,66% (v/v) alors que celles des eaux de Javel 6 et 7 ont été respectivement de 8,33% et de 6,25% (v/v) pour un temps réactionnel de 3 à 6 heures. En ce qui concerne les degrés chlorométriques, toutes les eaux de javel testées avaient des degrés chlorométriques inférieurs à ceux mentionnés sur les emballages.Conclusion : Cette étude a montré qu’une analyse continue des eaux de javel vendues au Togo est indispensable pour s’assurer de l’efficacité des traitements de désinfection par ces javels.Mots clés : bactéries, eau, javel, désinfection, antimicrobiens, Tog

    Bilan d’un an d’activite de neurochirurgie au Chu Kara

    No full text
    Introduction:  Le service de neurochirurgie du CHU Kara, 2ème au Togo, après celui de LomĂ©, situĂ© Ă  430 Km. Après un an d’exercice, les auteurs font le bilan de leur activitĂ© neurochirurgicale. Patients et MĂ©thode : Etude rĂ©trospective, analytique et descriptive portant sur tous les patients qui ont Ă©tĂ© pris en charge dans le service de neurochirurgie. Les donnĂ©es dĂ©mographiques, cliniques et thĂ©rapeutiques avaient Ă©tĂ© recueillies et analysĂ©es. RĂ©sultats : 471 patients avaient Ă©tĂ© pris en charge dont 198 femmes. La moyenne d’âge Ă©tait de 37 ans avec des extrĂŞmes allant de 04 jours Ă  85 ans. Le traumatisme crânien par accident de circulation Ă  moto Ă©tait le motif le plus frĂ©quent de consultation. 18 patients Ă©taient venus du Benin. 296 scanners avaient Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©s en tout dont 229 au Benin. Sur 128 patients Ă  Ă©vacuer sur la capitale, seuls 59 patients avaient pu ĂŞtre Ă©vacuĂ©s. L’indication opĂ©ratoire avait Ă©tĂ© posĂ©e pour 279 patients mais seulement 36 dont 15 femmes, se sont faits opĂ©rer. Les autres pour la majoritĂ©, ne sont jamais arrivĂ©s chez l’anesthĂ©siste. 04 dĂ©cès avaient Ă©tĂ© enregistrĂ©s en rĂ©animation chirurgicale avant leurs Ă©vacuations sur LomĂ©.Conclusion : La pratique neurochirurgicale Ă  Kara est très rĂ©cente Ă  Kara. Ilfaudra du temps et un travail de qualitĂ© malgrĂ© les conditions difficiles pourgagner la confiance des populations. Mots clĂ©s : bilan activitĂ©, neurochirurgie, Kara English Abstract: Assessment of one year of neurosurgery activity at Chu Kara Introduction: The neurosurgery department of CHU Kara, the second in neurosurgery in Togo, after that of the capital LomĂ©, located 430 km away. After a year of practice, the authors take stock of their neurosurgical activity. Patients and Method: Retrospective, analytical and descriptive study of all the patients who were treated in department of neurosurgery. Demographic, clinical and therapeutic data had been collected and analyzed. Results: 471 patients had been treated including 198 women. The average age was 37 years with extremes ranging from 04 days to 85 years. Head trauma from motorbike traffic accident was the most common reason for consultation. 18 patients had come from Benin. A total of 296 scanners were carried out, including 229 in Benin. Out of 128 patients to be evacuated to the capital, only 59 patients had been evacuated. The indication for surgery had been asked for 279 patients but only 36, including 15 women, had surgery. Most of the others never made it to the anesthesiologist. 04 deaths had been recorded in surgical resuscitation before their evacuations to LomĂ©. Conclusion: Neurosurgical practice in Kara is very recent in Kara. It will take time and quality work, despite the difficult conditions, to gain the trust of the populations. Keywords: activity assessment, neurosurgery, kar

    Study of the proximate and mineral composition of different Nigerian yam chips, flakes and flours

    No full text
    Yam (Discorea spp.) is an essential tuber crop for the hundreds of millions of people in many African, Asian and South American countries; considering in particular Southwest Nigeria, chips, flakes and flours are between the most common shelf-stable traditionally processed yam products. This paper reports a systematic study on the proximate (moisture, protein, carbohydrate, fibre, fat, ash and gross energy) and mineral composition of these three food commodities sold in Nigerian markets. Results showed no significant differences (p>0.05) in the moisture, crude protein and fibre content of all samples. Gross energy was also comparable for all yam derived food items, contradicting the common belief that yam flakes have lower nutritional value. As for the mineral composition, Ca, Mg, P and K were the predominant macronutrients. Micronutrients such as Zn, Co, Mn and Cu were also detected. Significant differences (p<0.05) existed between samples and various markets of source. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed a direct correlation between the ash content of the samples and the macronutrients assessed, irrespective of the market or seller of the commodities. This study confirmed that yam derived food stuff have an adequate nutritional composition, irrespective of their form and/or origin

    Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) and Yam (Dioscorea spp.) Crops and their derived foodstuffs: Safety, security and nutritional value

    No full text
    Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) and yam (Dioscorea spp.) are tropical crops consumed by ca. 2 billion people and represent the main source of carbohydrate and energy for the approximately 700 million people living in the tropical and sub-tropical areas. They are a guarantee of food security for developing countries. The production of these crops and the transformation into food-derived commodities is increasing, it represents a profitable business and farmers generate substantial income from their market. However, there are some important concerns related to the food safety and food security. The high post-harvest losses, mainly for yam, the contamination by endogenous toxic compounds, mainly for cassava, and the contamination by external agents (such as micotoxins, pesticides, and heavy metal) represent a depletion of economic value and income. The loss in the raw crops or the impossibility to market the derived foodstuffs, due to incompliance with food regulations, can seriously limit all yam tubers and the cassava roots processors, from farmers to household, from small-medium to large enterprises. One of the greatest challenges to overcome those concerns is the transformation of traditional or indigenous processing methods into modern industrial operations, from the crop storage to the adequate package of each derived foodstuff
    corecore