163 research outputs found

    Performance of selective media for E. coli O157, using non-sorbitol fermenting strains and physiological characters of shiga-toxin producing species isolated in CĂ´te d'Ivoire

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    Performance of three selective media, tmperature and pH effects on growth of E. coli O157:H7 isolated in Ivory Coast were investigated. Thirty-eight (38) non-sorbitol fermenting E. coli were characterized by serotyping, detection of shiga-toxin gene (PCR) and plating on SMAC, VRMUG and BCMtm media for Performance evaluation. Temperature and pH effects on E. coli O157:H7 were measured in varied culture conditions. All culture media were sensitive (100%) for the growth of E. coli O157. Their specificities were 97.3, 94.7 and 50.7% respectively for VRMUG, BCMtm and SMAC media. Predictive value for VR-MUG medium was 66%, whereas that for SMAC medium was only 5.4%. Serotype O157:H7 E. coli population grew slightly at 42 °C and didn’t grow under acid conditions (pH 4.5, 3.5). The performance of the culture media evaluatedand the physiological data obtained for E. coli O157:H7 during this study would contribute to improve both isolation and identification methods of the pathovars.© 2010 International Formulae Group. All rights reserved.Keywords: E. coli O157H7, performance, culture medium, shiga-toxin, pH, temperatur

    Isolation and characterization of Yersinia intermedia strains from pig tonsils in Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire

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    A total of 150 samples of pig tonsils were collected from slaughterhouse in Abidjan; the pigs were from pig farms located in different areas of Côte d’Ivoire. Samples were examined for the presence of Yersinia intermedia. Optimal recovery of Y. intermedia was achieved using two step enrichment procedures based on pre-enrichment in trypticase soya broth at 28 °C for 24 h, followed by cold enrichment method at 4 °C for 21 days in phosphate buffered saline broth. Then, Aulisio’s alkali treatment method was performed before streaking onto MacConkey agar. Six strains of Yersinia intermedia were isolated and tested for the following characteristics associated to the virulence in Y. enterocolitica such as pyrazinamidase activity and autoagglutinability. All the six strains were all positive for the pyrazinamidase test and four of them were autoagglutinable. Four strains were biotype 4/autoagglutinable and two were biotype 5/O:7,8-8-8,19. All the six strains of Yersinia intermedia were rhamnose negative and not motile at 25 °C. The results of antimicrobial resistance showed that all the strains presented multiple antibiotic resistance. The results indicate that 4% of pig tonsils from different farms collected at the slaughterhouse were contaminated with Yersinia intermedia. This study is the first which shows the presence of Yersinia intermedia in pigs in Côte d’Ivoire.Keywords: Yersinia intermedia, pig tonsils, prevalence, biotype, antibiotic resistance, Côte d’Ivoir

    Variabilité des propriétés physico-chimiques et dénombrement de la flore fermentaire du tchapalo, une bière traditionnelle de sorgho en Côte d’Ivoire

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    Une étude portant sur la variabilité des propriétés physico-chimiques etmicrobiologiques, l’évolution de ces propriétés au cours de la fermentation alcoolique a été réalisée sur des échantillons de moût sucré (produit intermédiaire) et de tchapalo (bière de sorgho) prélevés dans une zone de production massive à Abobo, commune située au Nord-Est d’Abidjan. Il ressort de cette étude que la qualité des moûts et tchapalo produits était constante. Le pH (3,4), les teneurs en sucres (3,6 g/100 g), en protéines (2,9 mg/mL) et en vitamine C (1,5 mg/100 mL) des moûts sucrés étaientstatistiquement les mêmes chez toutes les brasseuses et ne variaient pas d’une production à l’autre. Le tchapalo obtenu après fermentation contenait en moyenne 5,2 % d’éthanol. Le méthanol et le propanol n’ont pas été détectés. Les levures avec 1.9×108 ufc/mL constituaient la microflore dominante du tchapalo. Les bactéries lactiques isolées appartenaient aux genres Lactobacillus et Leuconostoc.Mots-clés : Tchapalo, bière traditionnelle, propriétés physico-chimiques, fermentation

    Etude de quelques paramètres biologiques de Pseudotheraptus devastans Distant (Heteroptera : Coreidae) sur les noix de Cocos nucifera L. de la variété PB 121+ à la station Marc Delorme (Côte d’Ivoire)

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    Pseudotheraptus devastans est l’un des principaux ravageurs du cocotier (Cocos nucifera L.) en Côte d’Ivoire. Le contrôle de cet insecte requiert la connaissance des paramètres biologiques. L’étude a été réalisée à la station expérimentale et de production Marc Delorme à Abidjan. Le suivi d’individus nouvellement émergés dans des cages en mousseline posées sur des régimes de la variété PB 121+ contenant des noix de coco âgées de 3 mois, en conditions semi-naturelles, a permis d’étudier le potentiel reproducteur et le potentiel de survivance (le taux de survie larvaire et la durée de vie des adultes). Le cycle de développement comportant 5 stades larvaires, tous infestants pour le cocotier, a duré 29,5 ± 3,5 jours. Les taux de survie larvaire ont varié de 58,26 à 93,75%. Les adultes ont vécu en moyenne 136,9 ± 22,8 jours pour les mâles et 117,9 ± 18,4 jours pour les femelles. Le nombre d’oeufs pondus par femelle a été de 200 ± 50 avec un taux de fertilité moyen de 93,92 ± 4,5%. Ces résultats pourraient permettre une meilleure détermination des périodes et des moyens d’intervention dans le cadre de la lutte contre P. devastans.Mots-clés : Pseudotheraptus devastans - Cocos nucifera L. - paramètres biologiques

    Diversité des denrées alimentaires traditionnelles conditionnées dans les emballages des feuilles de plantes en Côte d’Ivoire

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    Le présent travail a consisté à réaliser une enquête basée sur une méthode de ratissage systématique de 360 productrices et/ ou vendeuses d’aliments dans 12 principales localités de la Côte d’Ivoire. Les informations relatives au statut socio-démographique des femmes enquêtées et aux denrées alimentaires emballées dans les feuilles de plantes ont été collectées. Au total, 35 aliments emballés dans les feuilles de plantes ont été recensés et sont subdivisés en dérivés de maïs et de mil (15,22 %), de banane plantain (35,65 %), de niébé (7,4 %) et de manioc ou de taro (36,66 %). Ces aliments sont obtenus par divers procédés dont principalement la cuisson, la friture, le braisage, le fumage, le séchage (au soleil ou au four) ou la combinaison de deux de ces procédés. Le dockounou, l’attiékè et le bolo sont les aliments les plus préparés et vendus principalement dans les feuilles deThaumatococcus daniellii, de Musa paradisiaca ou de Musa acuminata, qui constituent les emballages végétaux les plus utilizes dans l’artisanat agro-alimentaire de la Côte d’Ivoire.Mots clés: Dockounou, Attiéké, Bolo, Côte d’Ivoire, Emballages végétaux, Feuilles de plantes Diversity of the traditional food packaged in plant leaves in Côte d’IvoireA survey based on a systematic combing of respondents was performed. A total of 360 traditional food processors were surveyed in 12 main localities of Côte d’Ivoire. Data related to the socio-demographic status of the respondents and the traditional foods in Côte d’Ivoire, specifically their local names, composition and the process have been collected. A total of 35 traditional foods packaged in plant leaves have been identified and were subdivided into four main groups : maize and milet based foods (15.22 %), plantain based products (35.65 %), cowpea based foods (7.4 %) and cassava and taro based products (36.66 %). These foods are obtained using t raditional culinary including cooking, steaming, frying, smoking, sun drying or the combination of two of these methods. The traditional foods such as dockounou, attiéké and bolo are mostly packed in plant leaves in Côte d’Ivoire, particularly in leaves of Thaumatococcus daniellii, Musa paradisiaca and Musa acuminata.Keywords: Dockounou, Attiéké, Bolo, Côte d’Ivoire, Vegetal packaging, plant leave

    Evaluation des connaissances, des attitudes et des pratiques en matiere d’hygiene et de securite alimentaire des vendeurs de la viande de poulets braisee en Cote d’Ivoire

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    L’objectif de cette Ă©tude a Ă©tĂ© d’évaluer d’une part les connaissances et les pratiques en matière de sĂ©curitĂ© alimentaire des vendeurs de la viande de poulet braisĂ©e et d’autre part l’état sanitaire des sites de vente de cette viande Ă  Abidjan. Une enquĂŞte sur les pratiques d’hygiène et des analyses microbiologiques ont Ă©tĂ© effectuĂ©es sur les mains des vendeurs de la viande de poulet braisĂ©e. La majoritĂ© des lieux de vente de la viande de poulet braisĂ©e occupait le domaine public. L’étude a rĂ©vĂ©lĂ© la prĂ©sence de nuisible sur quatre-vingt-dix-neuf pourcent (99 %) des sites de vente. Soixante-douze pourcent (72 %) des sites d’enquĂŞte n’avaient pas de lieu d’évacuation des eaux usĂ©es, (65 %) n’avaient pas d’équipement sanitaire et (93 %) du personnel n’avaient pas leurs vaccins Ă  jour. Les analyses microbiologiques effectuĂ©es rĂ©vĂ©laient la prĂ©sence de Staphylococcus aureus, de Germes aĂ©robies mĂ©sophiles, d’Escherichia coli et de coliformes totaux sur les mains des vendeurs de poulets braisĂ©s. Les charges de ces germes ont excĂ©dĂ© la norme microbiologique pour les denrĂ©es alimentaires fixĂ©e par la CommunautĂ© EuropĂ©ennes CE n° 2073/2005. La dĂ©tection de ces microorganismes pourrait  reprĂ©senter un risque pour la santĂ© du consommateur. Mots clĂ©s : viande de poulet braisĂ©e, hygiène, conditions sanitaires, commune d’Abidjan   English Title: Assessment of knowledge, attitudes and practices of food handlers in site for the sale of braised chicken meat in relation to food hygiene and safety in CĂ´te d’ivoire The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge and food safety practices of vendors of braised chicken meat and the health status of the sites selling this meat in Abidjan. A survey on hygiene practices and microbiological analyses were carried out on the hands of the vendors of braised chicken meat. The majority of the sites selling braised chicken meat were in the public domain. The survey revealed the presence of pests on ninety-nine percent (99%) of the sales sites. Seventy-two percent (72%) of the survey sites had no sewage disposal facilities, (65%) had no sanitary facilities, and (93%) staff did not have up-to-date vaccinations. Microbiological analyses performed revealed the presence of Staphylococcus aureus, Mesophilic Aerobic Germs, Escherichia coli and total coliforms on the hands of braised chicken vendors. The loads of these germs exceeded the microbiological standard for foodstuffs set by the European Community EC N°. 2073/2005. The detection of these microorganisms could pose a risk to the health of the consumer. Keywords: braised chicken meat, hygiene, sanitary conditions, commune of Abidja

    Vers un changement du calendrier cultural dans l’ecotone foret-savane de la Côte D’Ivoire

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    L’étude porte sur les pratiques agricoles paysannes de l’écotone forêt-savane de la Côte d’Ivoire sous l’effet des changements pluviométriques actuels. La caractérisation des changements agrométéorologiques entre 1937 et 2009, s’est appuyée sur les méthodes de Tyson et celle de Franquin. L’analyse des pratiques agricoles paysannes a été effectuée à partir des enquêtes de terrain, visites et observations des parcelles agricoles selon un échantillonnage non probabiliste portant sur 450  paysans de 9 villages. Les résultats ont révélé que dans le Centre de la Côte d’Ivoire (Dimbokro), le début de la grande saison des pluies a accuséun retard d’un mois tandis que la longueur de la petite saison des pluies a été réduite de deux décades. Face à ces changements, les stratégies d’adaptation paysannes sont : (i) la diversification des cultures pérennes de rente (cacaoyer, caféier, anacardier, palmier à huile et hévéa) et (ii) l’association de cultures vivrières annuelles. Concernant le calendrier agricole, l’étude a recommandé pour cette région : (i) deux périodes (Août et septembre) de nettoyage des cultures pérennes et (ii) le mois de mai pour les mises en place des cultures à tubercules et céréales au lieu du mois d’avril qui est de plus en plus déficitaire en termes de bilan hydrique.Mots clés : Calendrier agricole, changement pluviométrique, Côte d’Ivoire, écotone forêt-savane, stratégie paysanne. TOWARDSA CHANGE IN THE AGRICULTURAL CALENDAR IN THE ECOTONE FOREST-SAVANNA AREA OF COTE D’IVOIREThis paper examines the peasant farming practices in the forest-savanna ecotone of Côte d’Ivoire as influenced by the rainfall pattern change. The characterization of agrometeorological changes between 1937 and 2009 was made according to methods described by Tyson and that of Franquin. Peasant farming analysis was based on field surveys, visits and observations of agricultural parcels using a non-probability test sampling of 450 farmers from 9 villages. The results revealed that in the Centre of Côte d’Ivoire (Dimbokro), the beginning of the long rainy season  registered one month delay and the length of the short rainy season was reduced of 20 days. Faced with these changes, farmers’ adaptation  strategies were based on (i) the diversification of perennial cash crops  (cocoa, coffee, cashew, oil palm and rubber) and (ii) the mixed farmingcombining three food crops on the same plot. Regarding the agricultural calendar the study recommended for this region: (i) three field cleaning periods (August and December) for perennial crops and (ii) the month of May for tubers and cereals sowing instead of April, which is increasingly deficient in terms of water balance.Keywords : Agricultural calendar, rainfall pattern change, Côte d’Ivoire,  forest-savanna ecotone, adaptation strategies

    Analyse des risques microbiens du lait cru local à Abidjan (Côte d’Ivoire)

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    The hygiene practices during milking, the microbiological and chemical quality of cow raw milk from production to sale were studied in 15 small dairies in Abidjan. The analysis of raw milk quality showed that 81.5% of raw milk taken udders of cow were of good quality, against 35.30% for raw milk on sale. The average of Coliforms was 8.7.103 cfu/ml for raw milk taken cow’s udder, 3.2.105 cfu/ml for raw milk in tank and 9.9.105 cfu/ml for raw milk sales. The udders of cows, hands of milkers were identified as primary sources of milk contamination. The utensils (farmer, vendor) and environment were identified as major sources of secondary contamination. In addition, 24.7% of milk contained antibiotics and 50% of raw milk on sale were wet with water. The occurrence of food borne diseases is significantly related to the behavior of consumption of unpasteurized raw milk (P<0.05) with a relative risk of 2.81 (95%CI: 1.17 – 6.78). The zootechnical management of actors and popularization of good hygiene practices throughout the production chain are necessary for improvement of local milk quality

    Bacterial risk assessment in informally produced milk consumption in Côte d’Ivoire

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    BACKGROUND: Fifteen dairy farms from five zones of Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire, were characterized to assess the conditions of raw milk production and marketing, and detect whether Bacillus cereus presented a risk to the consumer. METHODS: In total, 119 udder milk, 113 udder skin swabs, 22 hand swabs of farmers, 14 mixture milk of shepherd, 14 utensils rinse water, 16 environment samples and water used to rinse material for milking in 5 farms were sampled. Three informal markets in these zones were visited and 17 retailer pooled milk samples were collected and analyzed. The isolated strains were characterized and their virulence genes were detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Milk quality was determined by comparing the average count of B. cereus to the limits of acceptability. To assess the impact of the consumption of raw milk, a consumer survey was conducted on 188 clients selected randomly at informal markets. RESULTS: 26.6% (32/119) of raw milk samples taken directly from the cow’s udders, 28.6% (4/14) mixture milk of shepherd and 41.2% (7/17) of retailer pooled milk were contaminated by B. cereus. Regarding limits of acceptability, 28.6% (2/7) of retailer pooled milk samples met the standards, 28.6% (2/7) presented a potential risk of disease and 42.8% (3/7) posed a real risk of foodborne poisoning. The sources of contamination of milk by B. cereus were, by decreasing order of importance, the udder (73/113), the water (3/5), the environment (9/16), the milk vendor containers (7/17), the hands of the milker(s) (9/22) and the utensils (4/14). All B.cereus strains (88 strains) isolated were virulent and harbored at least one of the virulence genes hblA, hblC, hblD, nheA, nheB, nheC, bceT and cytK-2. The most frequent virulence genes were hblD (79/88), cytK-2 (79/88), nheC (65/88) and hblC (60/88), all involved in the aetiology of diarrheal syndromes. Among milk consumer’s respondents, 12.8% (24/188) reported episodes of symptoms including diarrhea (19/37), fever (5/37), bloating stomach (4/37), vomiting (3/37) and nausea (1/37). Severe cases requiring a stay of one to three days in hospital were reported by 12.5% (3/24) of those infected. SUMMARY: The probability of consuming milk contaminated by B. cereus was 22.2%. The occurrence of foodborne diseases was significantly related (p < 0.05) to the consumption of unpasteurized milk (Relative Risk (RR): 2.6, 95% CI 1.07 - 6.22). Milk quality could be improved by the introduction of good hygiene practices such as water quality, utensil washing and milk pasteurization. Awareness of stakeholders in the informal dairy sector is also crucial to reduce the risk of infection for the consumer
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