Reconstruction of Ethics Supervision System Towards Constitutional Court Justice

Ethics supervision of constitutional justices is an important issue for the development of ethics supervision system in the Constitutional Court, because the supervision of constitutional justices is a means of maintaining the independence and impartiality of constitutional justices, which is in fact the main pillar of an independent judiciary. In its development, there has always been a debate about the ethics supervision of the constitutional justices, whether the justices should be overseen externally or internally. This is because, juridically, the law does not regulate it clearly. Based on the above background, the research issues drawn are: (1) What is the significance of ethics supervision toward constitutional justices ?; (2) What is the system of ethics supervision of constitutional justices according to Indonesia's current positive law, (3) How to reconstruct the system of ethics supervision of constitutional justices more optimally in the future? Based on the result of the research entitled “Reconstruction of Ethics Supervision System toward Constitutional Justice”, the following conclusions are obtained: (1) Based on philosophical, juridical and empirical perspective, ethics supervision of constitutional justices has important meaning in order to maintain and uphold the honor, dignity, and the behavior of constitutional justices. (2) Based on the analysis of the evolution of the ethics supervision system, the result shows that the ethics supervision system toward constitutional justices which is always changing indicates that there is still no standard system as a guideline for the enforcement of alleged violation of ethics against the constitutional justices. Therefore, there is a need for normative reconstruction of the ethics supervision system toward constitutional justices through legislation. (3) The reconstruction of the ethics supervision system toward constitutional justices can be done through: a. Amendment to the 1945 Constitution by adding a new norm governing the provision on ethics supervision system toward constitutional justices, b. Amendment to the Constitutional Court Law

Just transition in biofuel development towards low-carbon economy: multi-actor perspectives on policies and practices in Indonesia.

Justice and sustainability are the foundation of fair and equitable biofuel development. Policies and practices are consequently necessary to support a just transition towards a low-carbon economy. Therefore, this study aimed to understand multi-actor perspectives on policies and practices relevant to the just transition in biofuel development. Applying a socio-legal approach based on the JUST framework, this study focused on the Indonesian biofuel industry, which is primarily driven by crude palm oil (CPO) production. This study also added comparative perspectives from Thailand's biofuel industry. The primary data were gathered from in-depth interviews and focus group discussions (FGDs), while the secondary data were from research, policy, and other government archives. Based on the results, oil palm plantations in Indonesia and Thailand are crucial for macroeconomic development. However, smallholder farmers in Indonesia, especially independent ones that do not join farmer groups, remain marginalised by the current regulations. In fact, many benefits from biofuel practices and policies accumulate disproportionately towards large corporations, while marginalised groups bear the costs. The Indonesian Sustainable Palm Oil (ISPO) certification that should induce market accessibility and competitiveness has not fully reached most rural farmers. Furthermore, various overlapping regulations and perplexing data differences exist from multiple ministries and administrative levels. Thus, palm oil stakeholders in Indonesia demand a dedicated institution for integrated regulation and monitoring of the industry, similar to the National Palm Oil Policy Committee in Thailand. The myriad of legal, political, socio-economic, and justice issues thus necessitates all hands on deck to ensure a just transition for all stakeholders of the Indonesian biofuel industry

The Protection of Indigenous People's Rights in the Equitable Management of Water Resources

Local wisdom plays an important role in the management of water resources and the environment. However, local wisdom in managing water resources and the environment cannot be separated from various challenges. The concept of a local environmental wisdom system is rooted in the knowledge and management system of indigenous peoples through a long process of interaction and adaptation of the environment and natural resources. Indigenous peoples are able to develop ways to sustain life by creating value systems, patterns of life, institutional systems, and laws that are in harmony with condition and availability of natural resources around the area where they live. This study aims to determine the condition of water resources, the role of indigenous peoples in preserving and conserving water resources, the values of local wisdom, and preserving the values of local wisdom in maintaining the conservation of water resources. Local wisdom in maintaining the conservation of water resources in the regulation of Law No. 17 of 2019 concerning water resources regulates indigenous peoples in water resources management. This writing is structured using a normative juridical writing method with a conceptual and analytical approach