Impact of a Projectile on a Granular Medium Described by a Collision Model

International audienceWe propose a model for the propagation of energy due to the impact of a granular projectile on a dense granular medium. Energy is transferred from grain to grain during binary collision events. The transport of energy may then be viewed as a random walk with a split of energy during successive collisions. There is a qualitative and quantitative agreement between this simple description and experimental results

Participation of the Algerian Family Members in the Decision Process of Purchasing Food Products

The study of the family has been the subject of several investigations for many years. Most of the research in this area has focused on the roles of family members in decision-making. In this case, this article proposes a quantitative study devoted to the family decision-making process for the purchase of food products. The purpose of this study is to emphasize the consideration of a family-based decision-making concept. The essential idea on which the hypotheses of the present research are based is to know the cognitive, affective, and conative attitudes of each family member, namely the father, the mother and the children. The results of this study should enable companies (agribusinesses, supermarkets, groceries, etc.) to develop an adequate positioning that can meet the needs of members of the family. Keywords:Family structure; Decision-making process; Food products; Algerian family

Indium tin oxide thin films prepared by ion beam assisted deposition technique at different ion beam currents

Indium tin oxide (ITO) films have been deposited onto glass substrates at room temperature by ion beam assisted deposition technique (IBAD) at different ion beam currents (80 mA – 120 mA). The effect of the ion beam current on films properties has been studied. The films prepared at low ion beam current (80 mA) show an almost amorphous structure. As the ion beam current is increased, films show a preferred orientation along the (222) direction. AFM measurements show that the surface RMS roughness of the film increases as the current goes up. The optical properties have been studied by measuring the transmittance. It has been found that the film prepared at 100 mA current has the highest transmittance. The optical constants of the films have been calculated by fitting the transmittance. The Hall measurements also showed that the film prepared at 100 mA current has one of the lower electrical resistivities. FTIR measurements show that the film prepared at 100 mA current has the highest infra-red reflectance. All the measurements show the 100 mA ion beam current can produce good quality ITO films.Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT) - SFRH-BSAB-514

Controlled Growth of WO3Nanostructures with Three Different Morphologies and Their Structural, Optical, and Photodecomposition Studies

Tungsten trioxide (WO3) nanostructures were synthesized by hydrothermal method using sodium tungstate (Na2WO4·2H2O) alone as starting material, and sodium tungstate in presence of ferrous ammonium sulfate [(NH4)2Fe(SO4)2·6H2O] or cobalt chloride (CoCl2·6H2O) as structure-directing agents. Orthorhombic WO3having a rectangular slab-like morphology was obtained when Na2WO4·2H2O was used alone. When ferrous ammonium sulfate and cobalt chloride were added to sodium tungstate, hexagonal WO3nanowire clusters and hexagonal WO3nanorods were obtained, respectively. The crystal structure and orientation of the synthesized products were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), micro-Raman spectroscopy, and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), and their chemical composition was analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The optical properties of the synthesized products were verified by UV–Vis and photoluminescence studies. A photodegradation study on Procion Red MX 5B was also carried out, showing that the hexagonal WO3nanowire clusters had the highest photodegradation efficiency