Impacts socio-économiques sur les cuniculteurs de la vaccination des lapins contre les coccidioses intestinales au Bénin

Les coccidioses constituent l’une des maladies les plus meurtrières chez les lapins. Pour mieux contrôler cette affection, une prophylaxie vaccinale est mise au point. La réussite d’une telle innovation passe par la perception des cuniculteurs. Ainsi, la présente étude a été entreprise afin de déterminer les facteurs favorisant l’adoption par les éleveurs de la vaccination des lapins contre les coccidioses. Les enquêtes menées auprès des cuniculteurs ont révélé que 100% d’entre eux ont une opinion favorable du vaccin. De même, 83,3% des éleveurs ont affirmé que le vaccin était efficace. Par ailleurs, 80% des éleveurs ont déclaré connaître la coccidiose. Parmi ceux-ci, 62,5% avait bien décrit les signes cliniques de la coccidiose. L’étude économique a montré que la vaccination engendre un bénéfice net de 123,2 F CFA par lapin comparativement aux lapins non vaccinés. La vaccination s’avère efficace et est bien appréciée par les utilisateurs. Son adoption contribuera à améliorer les conditions de vie des cuniculteurs.© 2015 International Formulae Group. All rights reserved.Mots clés: Oryctolagus cuniculus, cuniculture, coccidies, prophylaxie, immunisation, adoptionEnglish Title:  Socio-economic effects on the rabbit breeders of rabbit’s vaccination against intestinal coccidiosis in BeninEnglish AbstractCoccidiosis is recognized as being one of the major serious diseases in rabbit breeding. For a better control of this disease, a vaccination program is set up. The perception of the rabbit breeders determines the success of this innovation. Thus, this study was undertaken in order to determine the factors which favour the adoption of the rabbit vaccination against coccidiosis by the rabbit breeders. Survey performed on rabbit  breeding revealed that 100% of the breeders included in the survey thought that vaccine is useful for the control of coccidiosis. An average of 83.3% of breeders has reported that the use of vaccine was effective to control coccidiosis. Likewise among rabbit breeders included in the study, an average of 80% has been reported to know coccidiosis. Among those breeders, an average of 62.6% was reported to know well clinical symptoms of coccidiosis. Economical study carried out on rabbit breeding showed that vaccine involves a net profit of 132.2 F CFA per vaccinated rabbit compared to non vaccinated rabbits. Vaccine turns out to an effective control of coccidiosis in rabbit and was well appreciated by the breeders. Its adoption will help improving rabbit breeders’ life.© 2015 International Formulae Group. All rights reserved.Keywords: Oryctolagus cuniculus, rabbit breeding, coccidia, prevention, immunization, adoptio

Communication de la session de Nutrition CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF SOME RAW MATERIALS AVAILABLE FOR RABBIT FEEDING IN BENIN

Résumé français Composition chimique de quelques matières premières disponibles pour l'alimentation du lapin au Bénin Au cours des 10 dernières années différentes analyses ont été réalisées sur 25 matières premières utilisées au Bénin pour l'alimentation des lapins. L'objectif de la présente communication est de rendre cette information disponible pour tous. Les produits étudié ont été 9 fourrages séchés au soleil (( ABSTRACT During the past ten years various chemical analyses of 25 raw materials used in Benin for rabbit feeding were performed. The aim of the present paper is to make this information available for a maximum of potential users. The studied products were 9 sun dried forages (Albizia chevalierii foliage, Bidens pilosa whole plant, Cajanus cajan foliage, Desmodium scorpiurus vines, Leucaena leucocephala foliage, Manihot esculenta foliage, Puerearia phaseolides whole plant, Samanea saman foliage, Sida acuta foliage), 7 energy sources (cashew industry by-product, maize germ, maize grain (white), cassava peels, cassava root chips, wheat bran and maize bran), 3 industrial fiber sources (cassava distillery by-product, rice hulls and teak wood sawdust) and 6 protein sources (local fish meal, local toasted soybean seeds, local cottonseed meal, local palm kernel meal, imported soybean meal and local brewers grain). The nutrients analyzed were dry mater (DM), crude protein (CP), ash, crude fiber, ether extract, neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), lignin (ADL) and gross energy. In addition for 8 forages and 5 other raw materials mineral composition was determined for calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, sodium and potassium. All were expressed as percentage of DM. It should be noticed that, if as expected the studied forages could be interesting fiber sources for rabbit feeding (ADF = 21 to 39% DM, ADL= 6.5 to 24.6% DM)), their CP content is also high enough (15 to 29% DM) to provide a noticeable proportion of rabbits total protein requirement. Nevertheless their high level of potassium (1.4 to 3.9% DM) may limit their incorporation level in rabbit feeds. Determination of residual trypsin inhibitor activity indicated that traditional soybean seeds toasting was efficient since the residual activity was only 5.8 TUI/mg. Then with their high protein level (44.2% DM), local toasted soybean seeds should be considered as an interesting source of protein for rabbits

Rabbit breeding in tropical conditions, comparative study between a local strain and an European strain: I. Growth of sucklings

National audienc

Evaluation de l’innocuité des souches précoces de Eimeria magna et de Eimeria media issues du Bénin en vue de leur utilisation comme souches vaccinales

Les coccidioses constituent un problème sanitaire majeur pour l’élevage cunicole. Une vaccination contre cette maladie à l’aide de souches précoces de Eimeria ayant une parfaite innocuité est nécessaire. Pour évaluer cette innocuité, trois lots de 12 lapereaux de 35 + 1 jours ont été inoculés avec des souches précoces de Eimeria magna et Eimeria media provenant des lapins élevés au Bénin. Un mélange à parts égales des deux souches a été constitué. Les animaux du lot 1 ont été inoculés per os avec ce mélange à la dose de 5 x 103 oocystes et ceux du lot 2 ont reçu le même mélange à la dose de 2,5 x 103. Le lot 3 a servi de témoin. Deux semaines après l’inoculation, aucun cas de mortalité et/ou de diarrhée n’a été enregistré ; les témoins ont excrété moins d’oocystes (3,2 x 104 oocystes/g) comparativement aux animaux expérimentaux (P < 0,01) du lot 1 (10,1 x 106 oocystes/g) et du lot 2 (8,8 x 106 oocystes/g), confirmant ainsi une bonne multiplication de ces souches. La chute du GMQ des lots inoculés par rapport à celui des témoins est significative (P < 0,001) mais reste modérée. Il en résulte que ces souches s’avèrent être de bonnes candidates à un vaccin.Keywords: Coccidiose, Eimeria magna, Eimeria media, vaccin, lapin, Béni

Évaluation De L’efficacité De La Vaccination Contre Les Coccidioses Du Lapin Au Bénin

Les coccidioses constituent l’une des principales causes de morbidité et de mortalité chez les lapereaux pendant la période du post sevrage. Avec l’apparition des chimiorésistances engendrées par les médicaments utilisés en prévention, la mise au point de nouveaux moyens de lutte s’avère opportune. Cette étude a été entreprise dans 6 élevages cunicoles subdivisés en 3 différents types (I, II, III) afin d’évaluer l’efficacité des souches précoces de coccidies préalablement testée en station. A cet effet, deux lots de 251 lapereaux sous-mère âgés de 14 jours dont un lot vacciné et un lot témoin ont été utilisés. La primovaccination a été effectuée par pulvérisation au nid avec un mélange à parts égales des souches précoces d’Eimeria magna et Eimeria media à la dose de 2 x 104 oocystes. Un rappel de vaccination a été réalisé 7 jours après la primovaccination. La croissance pondérale des lapins vaccinés est meilleure avec un gain de poids supérieur à celui des lapins non vaccinés (P<0,05). Le taux de mortalité (3,87%) obtenu dans le lot vacciné est inférieur à celui enregistré (15,57 %) chez les lapins non vaccinés (P < 0,05). Chez les animaux vaccinés, des réductions moyennes de 65 et 55 % d’oocystes ont été observées respectivement en ce qui concerne les souches sauvages d’E. magna et E. media à J 77. Ces excrétions d’oocystes ne sont pas influencées par le type d’élevage. Les souches précoces se sont révélées efficaces et constituent un bon vaccin.Mots clés : Coccidioses, lapin, souches précoces, Eimeria, Bénin.Coccidiosis constitutes one of the major causes of young rabbits morbidity and mortality during the post weaning period. With the occurrence of chemoresistance generated by drugs used for prevention, the development of new technics of coccidiosis control are necessary. This study was carried out in 6 rabbit farms subdivided into 3 different types (I, II, III) in order to assess the efficacy of the precocious lines of Eimeria formerly tested in laboratory. Two groups of two hundred fifty-one 14-day-old rabbits were used. One group was vaccinated and the second non-vaccinated was used as the control group. The rabbits were vaccinated by spray dispersion of a mixture of precocious lines of Eimeria magna and Eimeria media at a dose of 2 x 104 oocysts in the nest box. Seven days after the firt vaccination, rabbits benefited from a booster. The weigh gain of the vaccinated rabbits group was significantly higher than that of the non-vaccinated rabbits (P<0.05). The mortality rate (3.87 %) obtained with the vaccinated rabbits group was lower than that of the control group (P<0.05). Within vaccinated rabbits, oocysts average reductions of 65 % and 55 % were observed with wild strains of E. magna and E. media respectively on day 77. The type of farm has no effect on oocyst excretion. The precocious lines showed better efficacy and could serve as a good vaccine.Keywords : Coccidiosis, rabbit, precocious lines, Eimeria, Benin

Vaccination of rabbits against coccidiosis using precocious lines of Eimeria magna and Eimeria media in Benin

International audienceThree groups of twelve 35-day-old rabbits were used for the experiment. Two groups were vaccinated with a mixture of precocious lines of Eimeria magna and Eimeria media originating from corresponding wild strains isolated in Benin. One group benefited of a booster whereas the second one was kept without booster. A third non-vaccinated group was used as control. All groups were challenged per os with an equal mixture of the wild strains of E. magna and E. media at a dose of 104 oocysts per animal. Three weeks after the challenge inoculation, no case of diarrhoea was recorded in the two groups of vaccinated rabbits, as compared to the non-vaccinated rabbits that developed diarrhoea. No mortality was recorded in the three groups. During the patent period, oocyst output of vaccinated rabbits was significantly lower than that of control animals (P<0.01), confirming a good immunogenic characteristic of the precocious lines. No booster effect was noticed for the boost vaccinated group. The daily weigh gain of the two groups of vaccinated rabbits was significantly higher than that of the non-vaccinated rabbits (P<0.05). Consequently the precocious lines of Benin origin turned out to be immunogenic and therefore constitute good potential candidates for vaccine production for this country

Impact of inmediate postnatal sucking on mortality and growth of sucklings in field condition

[EN] Viability and growth of 191 kits born alive from 33 does from a local population was studied in tropical conditions (Benin) in relation to achieving the initial sucking. After observing the state of the kit's belly at the first control, each kit was weighed and classified as suckled (S) or non suckled (NS), and returned to it's mother's nest box. On average 34% of kits were considered to be in the NS group. The proportion ranged from 15% in very small litters (2-3 born alive) to 42% in the largest litters observed (8-9 born alive). Apparent live weight of NS kits was significantly lower than that of S kits: 40.4 vs. 53.6 g. The weight difference was not related to litter size. Birth to weaning mortality (0-35 d.) was significantly higher for NS kits than for S kits: 36.9% vs. 13.5%. But of those kits which died during the lactation period, the proportion of deaths during the first week of life was almost identical for NS and S kits: 66.7% and 64.7%. Birth weight of non suckled kits which died before weaning was significantly smaller than that of non suckled kits alive at weaning time: 37.6 vs. 42.0 ± 7.9 g without any significant interaction with litter size. However, for suckled kits, the corresponding difference was smaller and non significant: 51.4 vs 53.9 ± 8.0g again without interaction with litter size. The average 0-35 days growth rate was not affected by the initial sucking (NS 12.23 and S 12.21 g/d). Nevertheless an interaction with litter size was observed (P=0.091): in small litters (2-5 kits born alive) NS kits had a lower growth rate than those of the S group (12.8 vs. 14.2 g/day), while in larger litters (6-9 kits) the reverse was observed (12.1 vs. 11.1 g/day). Careful observation of newborn kits would allow stockbreeder to reduce mortality among young rabbits in a critical situation.Farougou, S.; Kpodekon, M.; Koutinhouin, B.; Brahi, O.; Djago, Y.; Lebas, F.; Coudert, P. (2011). Impact of inmediate postnatal sucking on mortality and growth of sucklings in field condition. World Rabbit Science. 14(3):167-173. doi:10.4995/wrs.2006.557SWORD16717314

Impact of immediate postnatal sucking on mortality and growth of sucklings in field condition

Viability and growth of 191 kits born alive from 33 does from a local population was studied in tropical conditions (Benin) in relation to achieving the initial sucking. After observing the state of the kit’s belly at the first control, each kit was weighed and classified as suckled (S) or non suckled (NS), and returned to it’s mother’s nest box. On average 34% of kits were considered to be in the NS group. The proportion ranged from 15% in very small litters (2-3 born alive) to 42% in the largest litters observed (8-9 born alive). Apparent live weight of NS kits was significantly lower than that of S kits: 40.4 vs. 53.6 g. The weight difference was not related to litter size. Birth to weaning mortality (0-35 d.) was significantly higher for NS kits than for S kits: 36.9% vs. 13.5%. But of those kits which died during the lactation period, the proportion of deaths during the first week of life was almost identical for NS and S kits: 66.7% and 64.7%. Birth weight of non suckled kits which died before weaning was significantly smaller than that of non suckled kits alive at weaning time: 37.6 vs. 42.0 ± 7.9 g without any significant interaction with litter size. However, for suckled kits, the corresponding difference was smaller and non significant: 51.4 vs 53.9 ± 8.0g again without interaction with litter size. The average 0-35 days growth rate was not affected by the initial sucking (NS 12.23 and S 12.21 g/d). Nevertheless an interaction with litter size was observed (P=0.091): in small litters (2-5 kits born alive) NS kits had a lower growth rate than those of the S group (12.8 vs. 14.2 g/day), while in larger litters (6-9 kits) the reverse was observed (12.1 vs. 11.1 g/day). Careful observation of newborn kits would allow stockbreeder to reduce mortality among young rabbits in a critical situation. Key Words: rabbit, sucking, mortality, growth