Effect of Grain Boundary Character Distribution on the Impact Toughness of 410NiMo Weld Metal

Grain boundary character distributions in 410NiMo weld metal were studied in the as-welded, first-stage, and second-stage postweld heat treatment (PWHT) conditions, and these were correlated with the Charpy-V impact toughness values of the material. The high impact toughness values in the weld metal in the as-welded and first-stage PWHT conditions compared to that in the second-stage condition are attributed to the higher fraction of low-energy I pound boundaries. A higher volume fraction of retained austenite and coarser martensite after second-stage PWHT accompanied by the formation of the ideal cube component in the 2-hour heat-treated specimen led to a reduction in the toughness value. A subsequent increase in the PWHT duration at 873 K (600 A degrees C) enhanced the formation of {111}aOE (c) 112 >, which impedes the adverse effect of the cubic component, resulting in an increase in the impact toughness. In addition to this, grain refinement during 4-hour PWHT in the second stage also increased the toughness of the weld metal

A study of Prevalence, Demographic Profile and Risk factors of Coronary Artery Disease

Introduction: In India CHD prevalence has increased in last six decade from1% to 9%-10% in urban populations and <1% to 4%-6% in rural populations. This epidemiological transition is mainly because of the increase in the prevalence CHD risk factors among Indian population. The present study has been undertaken with the objectives of studying the prevalence rates of coronary risk factors as well as demographic profile, age and sex specific high- risk groups.Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted by using stratified multistage random sampling. 270 participants aged ≥40 years participated in this study.  The Study variables were age, sex, occupation, addiction, food habit, physical activity, body mass index, blood pressure, and electrocardiogram change were recorded. Results: The prevalence of IHD among smokers was higher than among non-smokers (P<0.01) Table 4. Prevalence of IHD increases with the increase in blood pressure (P<0.01). The highest prevalence of IHD was found among the severe hypertensive population (33.3%) and the lowest prevalence was found in those patients with normal blood pressure (5.2%). The prevalence of IHD increased with higher BMI (P<0.05). Conclusion CAD among the study population is significantly associated with hypertension and smoking.Risk factors for coronary heart disease which were higher among males

The Application of Lessons Learned from Previous Landing and/or Sampling Missions to the Europa Lander Mission Concept

No abstract available

Not Available

Not AvailableIn this study, experiments were designed to isolate, characterize and evaluate an array of bacteria isolates for their Zn solubilization potential. Out of the six promising Zn solubilizing bacteria (ZnSB), ZnSB2 (B. megaterium, KY687496) was found to be the most potential strain owing to its enhanced Zn solubilization in vitro. In the quantitative study, the net Zn solubilized by ZnSB2 was significantly higher than those solubilized by the other ZnSB at all days of sampling. Similar effects of ZnSB2 was observed in the soil per se, wherein the rate of release of available Zn by ZnSB2 was markedly higher at all days of incubation (25.6%–40.7% of added Zn), with a peak on the 8th day. Such enhanced rates of Zn release by ZnSB2 were attributed to marked decrease in pH owing to enhanced gluconic acid production. In fact, gluconic acid production by ZnSB2 was 1884.7 ± 413.4 μgmL−1, which was 35.3–69.7% greater than the other shortlisted ZnSB isolates. Further evaluation of ZnSB2 was done in the green house using turmeric as the test crop. ZnSB2 was applied either alone or in combination with chemical Zn (75% and 100% of recommended Zn). The results revealed that soil available Zn level in the treatment with 75% Zn+ZnSB2 (12.69 ± 2.96 mg kg−1) was on par with the level in the treatment with 100% Zn (12.74 ± 2.63 mg kg−1) at 120 days after planting, while at harvest the treatment with 75% Zn+ZnSB2 maintained 65.0% higher available Zn levels than 100% Zn. The positive effect of ZnSB2 was also manifested on rhizome yield, which was at par in the treatments with ZnSB2+75% Zn (154.2 g ± 36.0 pot−1) and 100% Zn (177.2 ± 36.7 g pot−1). Besides, the Zn concentration in the rhizome was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in the treatment with ZnSB2+75% Zn (40.5 ± 3.5 mg kg−1), which was at par with 100% Zn, but was greater by 98.5% compared to control. The study indicated that ZnSB2 strain was a potential candidate for enhanced Zn dissolution in soil, which would allow reduced inorganic Zn application rates. Nonetheless, in vitro interaction studies (dual culture) suggested that this strain was seriously lacking in disease suppressing traits. But its compatibility with several plant growth promoting rhizobacteria enhanced the possibility of co-inoculation or applying ZnSB2 in a consortium mode especially in condition wherein both soil Zn solubilization and disease suppression becomes imperative.Not Availabl

Not Available

Not AvailableIn this study, experiments were designed to isolate, characterize and evaluate an array of bacteria isolates for their Zn solubilization potential. Out of the six promising Zn solubilizing bacteria (ZnSB), ZnSB2 (B. megaterium, KY687496) was found to be the most potential strain owing to its enhanced Zn solubilization in vitro. In the quantitative study, the net Zn solubilized by ZnSB2 was significantly higher than those solubilized by the other ZnSB at all days of sampling. Similar effects of ZnSB2 was observed in the soil per se, wherein the rate of release of available Zn by ZnSB2 was markedly higher at all days of incubation (25.6%–40.7% of added Zn), with a peak on the 8th day. Such enhanced rates of Zn release by ZnSB2 were attributed to marked decrease in pH owing to enhanced gluconic acid production. In fact, gluconic acid production by ZnSB2 was 1884.7 ± 413.4 μgmL−1, which was 35.3–69.7% greater than the other shortlisted ZnSB isolates. Further evaluation of ZnSB2 was done in the green house using turmeric as the test crop. ZnSB2 was applied either alone or in combination with chemical Zn (75% and 100% of recommended Zn). The results revealed that soil available Zn level in the treatment with 75% Zn+ZnSB2 (12.69 ± 2.96 mg kg−1) was on par with the level in the treatment with 100% Zn (12.74 ± 2.63 mg kg−1) at 120 days after planting, while at harvest the treatment with 75% Zn+ZnSB2 maintained 65.0% higher available Zn levels than 100% Zn. The positive effect of ZnSB2 was also manifested on rhizome yield, which was at par in the treatments with ZnSB2+75% Zn (154.2 g ± 36.0 pot−1) and 100% Zn (177.2 ± 36.7 g pot−1). Besides, the Zn concentration in the rhizome was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in the treatment with ZnSB2+75% Zn (40.5 ± 3.5 mg kg−1), which was at par with 100% Zn, but was greater by 98.5% compared to control. The study indicated that ZnSB2 strain was a potential candidate for enhanced Zn dissolution in soil, which would allow reduced inorganic Zn application rates. Nonetheless, in vitro interaction studies (dual culture) suggested that this strain was seriously lacking in disease suppressing traits. But its compatibility with several plant growth promoting rhizobacteria enhanced the possibility of co-inoculation or applying ZnSB2 in a consortium mode especially in condition wherein both soil Zn solubilization and disease suppression becomes imperative.ICAR Network Project on micronutrient management in horticultural crops for enhancing yield and quality headed by ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bengaluru, Karnataka State, India

Science-Driven Preparations for Landing on Europa

No abstract available