Nursing practice research: A necessary factor in establishing and maintaining high nursing standards

INTRODUCTION: Research in nursing today has a major impact on current and future nursing practice, forming an essential component of the educational process. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the workplace and position in which nurses are engaged after completing the specialization in clinical care, what is their level of motivation for further education in the profession and whether they follow the results of research on nursing practice by reading professional journals. To examine whether there is a difference in attitudes towards nursing research in relation to the age of the respondents. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The research involved (N 86) nurses, clinical care specialists who completed specialist studies at the study program Clinical Care at Higher Education School of Professional Health Studies in Belgrade, until 2019. A questionnaire designed for the purposes of this research was used as an instrument. and a modified version of the Boot scale of nurses' attitudes toward research, which consists of subscales: Environmental Interest and Support, Cost-effectiveness and Benefits, and Barriers (Difficulties). RESULTS: At the level of the whole sample, the age of the respondents ranged from 24 to 59 years, on average 42 years 3 months (SD = 9 years 4 months). The largest number of respondents, 40 of them (46.5%) stated that the hospital ward was their workplace, 38 (44.2%) stated that they read only one nursing journal, 33 (38.4%) that they were quite motivated to continue education in the profession. As the age of the respondents increased, a more positive attitude towards research was recorded. CONCLUSION: Every nurse must be aware of the importance of professional development and work responsibly. The results indicate, that with the increase in the age of the respondents, a more positive attitude towards research in the domains of environmental support they have in the implementation of nursing research and the cost-effectiveness and benefits of nursing research

Ispitivanje kvaliteta ulja dopremljenog kao 'Humanitarna pomoć'

The result of examination of oil of unknown origin from the crisis territory as follows: the examined oil has qualities permissible for human nutrition. The examination of contained quantity of contaminants and heavy metals showed that ingredients were not higher than values prescribed by the Statute, except for lead. It is on the upper limit. Contents of radionuclides range within the limits of average values. The quantity is not dangerous for human food. However, the present methods and the existing apparatus are not developed enough, so there is ignorance of the total structure of the sample. There is a possibility of substances being present in very low quantities, first of all, cancerogenic substances or substances which can provoke somatic or genetic changes. Paracelsius said: 'Everything is toxic, but it depends of dose'. That 'dose' is the main cause of consequences (therapeutic, toxic or lethal) which begin as a result of carrying contaminated substances into human organism.Ispitivanje ulja nepoznatog porekla sa kriznih područja pokazalo je da se radi o ulju kvaliteta dozvoljenog za ljudsku ishranu. Ispitivanja sadržaja kontaminatora i teških metala pokazalo je da primese nisu vise od dopuštenih i zakonom determinisanih vrednosti, osim olova koje se nalazi na samoj gornjoj granici. Sadržaj radionuklida nalazi se u granicama prosečnih vrednosti i ne predstavlja opasnost za ljude pri konzumiranju ulja. Ono što upućuje na oprez je da sadašnje metode i postojeća aparatura nisu dovoljno razvijene pa ostaje nepoznanica o supstancama koje se nalaze u veoma niskim koncentracijama - u prvom redu kancerogenih agenasa ili supstanci koje izazivaju somatske ili genetske promene. Ali, kao što je rekao još Paracelzijus 'sve je otrovno samo zavisi od doze', ta 'doza' je glavni uzrok posledica (terapeutskim, toksičnim ili letalnim) koje nastaju kao rezultat konzumiranja kontaminiranih supstanci

Određivanje ditiokarbamata u malini (Rubus idaeus L) gasnom hromatografijom preko Head Space-a

Dithiocarbamates are fungicides; in terms of chemical composition they are derivatives of dithiocarbamic acid and are ingredients of Mancozeb and Zineb, which are used for raspberry control against mold. The stated chemicals are to be used up to the flowering onset. The application is non-conform during fruit development. The presence of dithiocarbamates in raspberry is prohibited by the regulation. Nevertheless, the presence was recorded in some raspberry samples, which resulted from the application during fruit ripening. The stated neither improve fruit quality nor protect it from decline. Hence, specific consignments of exported frozen berries were turned down in EU countries. The paper depicts the method for the assessment of pesticide residues (dithiocarbamates) by gas chromatograph via Head Space, which was used for the evaluation of frozen raspberry taken from differing cold stores in 2000 and 2001. Although most samples contained dithiocarbamates below detection levels (0.05 mg/kg), i.e. raspberry was prepared for usage, specific samples, in particular those used in 2001 contained the rates of dithiocarbamates which significantly surpassed allowed values: From 0.07 to 0.23 mg/kg. These results prove improper application of fungicides, which contain dithiocarbamates. Therefore, it is essential to determine the cultural practices, which will improve yield and fruit quality. Training, in particular of individual producers, should concurrently be done, as to preserve health status of this precious fruit crop, the production of which ranks first in Europe.Ditiokarbamati su fungicidi, po hemijskom sastavu derivati ditiokarbaminske kiseline, a nalaze se u preparatima Mancozeb i Zineb koji se koriste za zaštitu maline od plesni. Upotreba ovih preparata limitirana je do početka cvetanja ploda, ali ne i tokom razvoja ploda. Prisustvo ditiokarbamata u malini zakonom nije dozvoljeno, međutim njihovo prisustvo je dokazano u pojedinim uzorcima maline, što je posledica korišćenja ovih preparata i za vreme sazrevanja ploda, što ni na koji način ne poboljšava kvalitet ploda niti ga štiti od propadanja. To je bio razlog zašto su pojedini kontingenti izvezene smrznute maline bili vraćeni iz zemalja EU. U radu je opisana metoda određivanja tragova pesticida (ditiokarbamata) gasnom hromatografijom preko Head Space-a koja je korišćena za ispitivanje smrznute maline uzorkovane iz različitih hladnjača tokom 2000., 2001 i 2002. god. Iako je većina uzoraka ispitivanih malina sadržala ditiokarbamate ispod tragova detekcije (0,05 mg/kg), što znači da je malina bila ispravna za upotrebu pojedini uzorci maline, naročito proizvedene tokom 2001. god., sadržali su ditiokarbamate u količinama koje su višestruko premašivale dozvoljene vrednosti: od 0,07 do 0,23 mg/kg. Ovi rezultati ukazuju na nepravilno korišćenje fungicida koji sadrže ditiokarbamate, zbog čega je neophodno da uz određivanje agrotehničkih mera koje poboljšavaju prinos i kvalitet maline, istovremeno treba vršiti i edukaciju naročito individualnih proizvođača, radi očuvanja zdravstvene ispravnosti ovog izuzetnog voća, po čijoj proizvodnji Srbija poslednjih godina preuzima primat u Evropi

Semenarsko tehnološki pokazatelji osobina hibridnog semena kukuruza

In hybrid maize seed processing, due to variable and different agro ecological conditions in production, exist a problem of seed shape and size. Seed of different shape and size, beside physiological traits cause a problem in practice as planting material. First process to achieve planting value is to divide seed to different fractions of shape and size. In this paper, two single cross hybrids from Maize Research Institute Zemun Polje. have been studied. Seed was produced in two different locations. For each hybrid combination, two seed fractions were obtained for shape and three for size. For each hybrid combination and location, six different seed sizes were obtained. For each seed size, from hybrid combination and location, following seed characteristics were study: 1000 kernels weight, seed germination, kernel number per kilogram, kernel number and weigh by liter. Experimental data were calculated to total variability by factorial analysis of variance and correlation. Results shows similarity and differences in seed traits by seed size, location and hybrid combination. Of high significance are differences for kernel number per kilogram, kernel number and weight by liter. These results are of practical significance for hybrid maize seed processing.U doradi hibridnog semena kukuruza, usled promenljivih i sasvim različitih agroekoloških uslova u semenskom usevu, pojavljuje se seme različitog oblika i veličine. Seme različitog oblika i veličene pokazuje i različite fiziološke osobine tako da nastaju brojni problem u primeni takvog setvenog materijala. Stoga je prvi postupak u doradi setvene vrednosti semena kalibriranje na frakcije različitog oblika i veličine. U radu su izvršena istraživanja sa hibridnim semenom dve SC kombinacije stvarane u Institutu za kukuruz "Zemun Polje". Seme je proizvedeno na po dve lokacije. Za svaku hibridnu kombinaciju izdvojene su dve frakcije oblika i tri veličine. Frakcije semena izdvajane su naizmeničnim kombinovanjem cilindričnih rešeta sa pravougaonim i okruglim otvorima. Za svaku hibridnu kombinaciju i lokaciju izdvojeno je šest rangova semena. Ispitivane su sledeće osobine hibridnog semena: masa 1000 semena, klijavost semena, broj semena u kg, broj i masa semena u litri. Eksperimentalni podaci obrađeni su na ukupnu varijabilnost. Rezultati pokazuju sličnost i razlike u ispoljavanju osobina hibridnog semena kukuruza u odnosu na frakciju, lokaciju proizvodnje i hibridnu kombinaciju. Posebno su od značaja razlike za broj semena u kg, broj i masa semena u litri. Ovi rezultati magu se primeniti za unapredjenje procesa dorade semena kukuruza

Grey zones of production: Discussing the technology of tools at the Lojanik quarry in west-central Serbia

Flaked stone artefacts found on the quarry Lojanik in west-central Serbia are good examples of how the function of non-diagnostic pieces could be determined through technological and use-wear analysis. In this study, we present the examples of surface clusters and artefacts from stratigraphic layers. Our attention is focused on the prevailing category of fragmented raw materials in the initial phase of knapping, preforms, debris, shattered pieces of anthropogenic origin and an immense number of artefacts and geofacts. The study of mines and quarries, as well as distribution of the raw materials that come from the central Balkans is an understudied phenomenon. Flaked stone artefacts found on the outcrops of the Lojanik hilltop is a good example of how we can apply technological, petrological and use-wear analysis on this type of site. Keeping in mind the loose context of the finds, as well as the lack of any datable material, this issue has to be approached with a lot of caution, since the locality itself seems to show human presence during Palaeolithic, Neolithic and Chalcolithic. The main focus of the study was put on the prevailing categories linked to the initial extraction of raw material on the site, as well as initial steps of shaping the raw material into cores. Samples were collected from several outcrops and so-called workshops from two localities of the hilltop: Lojanik 1 and Lojanik 2. The focal points of interest are categories that include waste, shatter, technical or shaping flakes. Worked pieces of raw material are now in the central position, and the study of these pieces have opened new grounds for this and similar occurrences - the study of so-called “grey zones” of production

Stone material of regional provenance from Sirmium

The stone artefacts from Sirmium, held at the Museum of Srem, were sampled and analyzed in order to establish an archaeological database connected with Roman quarries and possible transport routes along the Sava and Danube Rivers. Of the artefacts made of Neogene limestone three lithotypes were identified. Two of them were determined as originating from the known Roman quarry in the Drina Valley (NE Bosnia). For the third lithotype and its subtypes a model of the hypothetical quarry is proposed, the location of which is suggested to be outside the Drina river basin. Beside limestone, the sampled artefacts also revealed two types of porous volcanoclastic rocks of andesitic composition, which supposedly originate from two different microlocations in the Drina river basin

Involutina farinacciae Bronnimann & Koehn-Zaninetti 1969, a marker for the Middle Liassic in basinal and some platform facies of Mediterranean and near east areas: The discussion concerning the paleogeography of Montenegro-Albania border region (the Scutari-Peć lineament)

Foraminiferal species Involutina farinacciae BRONNIMANN & KOEHN-ZANINETTI, is a marker of Middle Liassic basinal and transitional platform bassin facies widely distributed in Mediterranean area (Umbria-Marche, Pindos, Budva, Sicilia and the Inner Dinarides basin), also in Iraqi Kurdistan (“Avroman” Basin). In the Dinaric Carbonate Platform (DCP) it indicates intramarginal and intraplatform depressions. Paleogeography of the Montenegro-Albania border area formed by the inherited prealpine paleogeographic scenario that resulted in a different arrangement of the paleogeographic units westward and eastward of the paleostructure (Scutari-Peć Lineament) which controlled the geological history of the region. This transverse paleostructure was a) coincident with the paleogeographic front of the DCP, and b) the westward limit of the overtrusted Mirdita Zone. The difference in the paleogeographic features in the prolongation from the DCP througout Albania, controlled by paleostructure, are the source of seizmicity, rotation and deviation (SE to NW, into NE) of the Complex Mirdita Zone

Stratigraphy of the Krš Gradac section (SW Serbia)

In the Krš Gradac section (near to Sjenica, SW Serbia), a transition of a carbonate platform to basin facies are outcropped: Norian-lower Liassic shallow-water carbonates, middle Liassic-lower Dogger Ammonitico Rosso facies, and upper Bathonian into lowermost Cretaceous deep-water radiolarites in which the carbonate graded bed and mass flow layer are intercalated. The presence of a lower Dogger condensed sequence with the Bajocian protoglobigerinid event was hitherto not evidenced. It is documented that components of a graded bed are of extrabasinal (upper Triassic-lower Tithonian carbonate platform sediments) and intrabasinal (radiolarite, meta-andesite) origin, indicating a tectonic event not older than the early Tithonian. This tectonic event caused the fracturing of the carbonate platform, also partly basinal area. Consequently, the age of the graded bed is not older than the lower Tithonian. In the uppermost radiolaritic sediments in the Krš Gradac section (?middle-upper Tithonian-lowermost Cretaceous), a mass flow layer appears, which contains clasts of intrabasinal origin - different radiolarites, siliceous radiolarian argillites (some of which are unconsolidated with washed radiolarians and sponge spicules in a ferruginous sediment), sandstone grains, etc. The mass flow event is estimated as Berriasian. In the Krš Gradac radiolarite succession, the authors recognized two deep-water formations, an older one, upper Bathonian-lower Tithonian, between hardground (Dogger) and a graded bed, and a younger formation, which started with a graded bed. This formation, according to its stratigraphic position, corresponds to ?middle-upper Tithonian-lowermost Cretaceous

Clypeina teakolarae sp. nov., a dasycladalean alga from Lower Eocene of Rakitovec (Čičarija, Slovenia)

A new species, Clypeina teakolarae, is described from the Lower Eocene of Čičarija, in Slovenia. The pattern of calcification, known so far only from the Upper Jurassic and the Lower Cretaceous, is structurally equal to that of the Clypeina jurassica group of species, having an intracellular, radial-fibrous calcite infilling and a micritic cell wall. Contrary to other species of the C. jurassica group, the main stem of the new taxon consists of spaced out twinwhorls bearing numerous, commonly irregularly arranged laterals